Science:Math Exam Resources/Courses/MATH100/December 2013/Question 02 (b)

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MATH100 December 2013

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Question 02 (b)
Short-Answer Question. Simplify your answer as much as possible and show your work. If $\displaystyle y=(\ln x)^{x}$, find $\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dx}}$.

Make sure you understand the problem fully: What is the question asking you to do? Are there specific conditions or constraints that you should take note of? How will you know if your answer is correct from your work only? Can you rephrase the question in your own words in a way that makes sense to you?

If you are stuck, check the hints below. Read the first one and consider it for a while. Does it give you a new idea on how to approach the problem? If so, try it! If after a while you are still stuck, go for the next hint.

Hint 1
Note that the power and variable exponent rules do not apply here since both the base and the power contain variables.

Hint 2
Try using logarithmic differentiation - begin by taking the (natural) logarithm of both sides.

Hint 3
Observe that $y=f(x)^{g(x)}\Leftrightarrow \ln y=\ln(f(x)^{g(x)})\Leftrightarrow \ln y=g(x)\ln f(x)$.

Checking a solution serves two purposes: helping you if, after having used all the hints, you still are stuck on the problem; or if you have solved the problem and would like to check your work. If you are stuck on a problem: Read the solution slowly and as soon as you feel you could finish the problem on your own, hide it and work on the problem. Come back later to the solution if you are stuck or if you want to check your work. If you want to check your work: Don't only focus on the answer, problems are mostly marked for the work you do, make sure you understand all the steps that were required to complete the problem and see if you made mistakes or forgot some aspects. Your goal is to check that your mental process was correct, not only the result.

Solution

First we take the natural logarithm of both sides: $y=(\ln x)^{x}\Leftrightarrow \ln y=\ln((\ln x)^{x})\Leftrightarrow \ln y=x\cdot \ln(\ln x)$     (by the laws of logarithms). We then differentiate both sides with respect to $x~$, using the product and chain rules as needed: ${\begin{aligned}{\frac {d}{dx}}(\ln y)&={\frac {d}{dx}}(x\cdot \ln(\ln x))\\{\frac {1}{y}}\cdot {\frac {dy}{dx}}&=1\cdot \ln(\ln x)+x\cdot {\frac {1}{\ln x}}\cdot {\frac {d}{dx}}(\ln x)\\{\frac {dy}{dx}}&=y\cdot \left(\ln(\ln x)+x\cdot {\frac {1}{\ln x}}\cdot {\frac {1}{x}}\right)\\{\frac {dy}{dx}}&={\color {blue}(\ln x)^{x}\left(\ln(\ln x)+{\frac {1}{\ln x}}\right)}\end{aligned}}$

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