Science:Math Exam Resources/Courses/MATH104/December 2015/Question 05 (a)

MATH104 December 2015

  •  Q1 (a)  •  Q1 (b)  •  Q1 (c)  •  Q2 (a)  •  Q2 (b)  •  Q3 (a)  •  Q3 (b)  •  Q3 (c)  •  Q4 (a)  •  Q4 (b)  •  Q4 (c)  •  Q5 (a)  •  Q5 (b)  •  Q5 (c)  •  Q6 (a)  •  Q6 (b)  •  Q7  •  Q8 (a)  •  Q8 (b)  •  Q8 (c)  •  Q9  •  Q10 (a)  •  Q10 (b)  •  Q10 (c)  •  Q10 (d)  •  Q11  •  

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Question 05 (a)
Use linear approximation to estimate the value of ${\sqrt[{3}]{30}}.$ State your answer accurate to two decimal places.

Make sure you understand the problem fully: What is the question asking you to do? Are there specific conditions or constraints that you should take note of? How will you know if your answer is correct from your work only? Can you rephrase the question in your own words in a way that makes sense to you?

If you are stuck, check the hints below. Read the first one and consider it for a while. Does it give you a new idea on how to approach the problem? If so, try it! If after a while you are still stuck, go for the next hint.

Hint 1
A simple way of approximating ${\sqrt[{3}]{30}}$ is to construct the linear approximation of (i.e., tangent line to) $f(x)={\sqrt[{3}]{x}}$ at some point $(a,f(a))$ for which $f(a)$ is known exactly and $a\approx 30.$

Hint 2
Observe that $27\approx 30$ and ${\sqrt[{3}]{27}}=3,$ and follow the suggestion in hint 1.

Hint 3
Recall that the equation of the line tangent to $f(x)$ at $(a,f(a))$ is $f(x)=f(a)+f'(a)(x-a).$ This is also known as the linear approximation of $f$ at $a.$ Try questions 1(b) and 4(b) of this exam for more practice with tangent lines.

Checking a solution serves two purposes: helping you if, after having used all the hints, you still are stuck on the problem; or if you have solved the problem and would like to check your work. If you are stuck on a problem: Read the solution slowly and as soon as you feel you could finish the problem on your own, hide it and work on the problem. Come back later to the solution if you are stuck or if you want to check your work. If you want to check your work: Don't only focus on the answer, problems are mostly marked for the work you do, make sure you understand all the steps that were required to complete the problem and see if you made mistakes or forgot some aspects. Your goal is to check that your mental process was correct, not only the result.

Solution

Found a typo? Is this solution unclear? Let us know here. Please rate my easiness! It's quick and helps everyone guide their studies. The linear approximation to a function $f(x)$ at ${\color {OliveGreen}a}$ is $f(x)\approx f({\color {OliveGreen}a})+f'({\color {OliveGreen}a})(x-{\color {OliveGreen}a}).$ In this problem, we are asked to use a linear approximation to $f(x)={\sqrt[{3}]{x}}.$ We choose to approximate $f$ at $a={\color {OliveGreen}27}$ because $27\approx 30$ and $f({\color {OliveGreen}a})={\sqrt[{3}]{\color {OliveGreen}27}}=3$ is exactly known and easy to work with. Thus our approximation is $f(x)\approx f({\color {OliveGreen}27})+f'({\color {OliveGreen}27})(x-{\color {OliveGreen}27}).$ Now $f'(x)={\tfrac {1}{3}}x^{-2/3},$ so $f'(27)={\tfrac {1}{3}}\cdot 27^{-2/3}={\tfrac {1}{3}}\cdot (27^{1/3})^{-2}={\tfrac {1}{3}}\cdot 3^{-2}={\color {OrangeRed}{\tfrac {1}{27}}}.$ Hence $f(x)\approx f(27)+{\color {OrangeRed}{\frac {1}{27}}}(x-27).$ Plugging in $x={\color {Orange}30}$ gives ${\begin{aligned}f({\color {Orange}30})={\sqrt[{3}]{\color {Orange}30}}&\approx f(27)+{\frac {1}{27}}({\color {Orange}30}-27)\\&={\sqrt[{3}]{27}}+{\frac {1}{27}}\cdot 3\\&=3+{\frac {3}{27}}\\&=3+{\frac {1}{9}}\approx {\color {blue}3.11}.\end{aligned}}$