Science:Math Exam Resources/Courses/MATH312/December 2005/Question 08

MATH312 December 2005

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Question 08
Prove or Disprove For this problem, clearly indicate whether the statement is true or false then prove or disprove it. If $\displaystyle \phi (n)|n-1$ then n is squarefree. (Here $\displaystyle \phi$ is the Euler $\displaystyle \phi$-function.)

Make sure you understand the problem fully: What is the question asking you to do? Are there specific conditions or constraints that you should take note of? How will you know if your answer is correct from your work only? Can you rephrase the question in your own words in a way that makes sense to you?

If you are stuck, check the hint below. Consider it for a while. Does it give you a new idea on how to approach the problem? If so, try it!

Hint
It might help to prove the contrapositive: Suppose that n is not square free, then $\phi (n)\nmid n-1$

Checking a solution serves two purposes: helping you if, after having used the hint, you still are stuck on the problem; or if you have solved the problem and would like to check your work. If you are stuck on a problem: Read the solution slowly and as soon as you feel you could finish the problem on your own, hide it and work on the problem. Come back later to the solution if you are stuck or if you want to check your work. If you want to check your work: Don't only focus on the answer, problems are mostly marked for the work you do, make sure you understand all the steps that were required to complete the problem and see if you made mistakes or forgot some aspects. Your goal is to check that your mental process was correct, not only the result.

Solution

Found a typo? Is this solution unclear? Let us know here. Please rate my easiness! It's quick and helps everyone guide their studies. The statement is true. We use the hint and proceed by proving the contrapositive. Suppose that n is not squarefree. Then there is a prime p such that $\displaystyle p^{2}\mid n$. Now, in this case, we have $\displaystyle p\mid \phi (p^{k})=p^{k-1}(p-1)$ where $\displaystyle k\geq 2$. Further, write $\displaystyle n=p^{k}m$ where m is coprime to p. Then $\displaystyle \phi (p^{k})\mid \phi (p^{k})\phi (m)=\phi (p^{k}m)=\phi (n)$. Hence $\displaystyle p\mid \phi (n)$. However $\displaystyle p\nmid n-1$ since $\displaystyle n\equiv 0\mod {p}$. Thus, $\displaystyle \phi (n)\nmid n-1$ since they do not share the factor of p. This is precisely what we wanted to show.

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