Documentation:RelLex/Tlingit Dictionary
Tlingit Dictionary
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Language Name
Tlingit.
Alternate Language Names
Lingít.
Region
British Columbia, Yukon, Canada; Alaska, United States.
Who
X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell (Editor).
Others Involved
University of Alaska Southeast, Goldbelt Heritage Foundation (Publishers and Support); Éedaa Heather Burge, Kaasteen Jill Meserve, Yat Tootéen Mallory Story, Chalyee Will Geiger, Yéil Tʼooch Tláa Collyne Bunn, X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell, Aandax̱ltín Stephanie Tripp, Sumiq David Russell-Jensen, G̱unéiwti Marsha Hotch (Editing Assistance).
Publishing Information
This is a living dictionary project which continues to be updated and published as it is compiled.
The most recent edition (as of early 2023) was published September 2022 by the University of Alaska Southeast and the Goldbelt Heritage Foundation, Juneau, Alaska.
There is another open access edition published October, 2017, also by the University of Alaska Southeast and the Goldbelt Heritage Foundation, Juneau, Alaska.
The dictionary is also available as an html, text-based website. This version was last updated May 2020 (as of early 2023).
Each edition is clearly dated.
How People are Cited
Speakers, contributors, and authors of previously published Tlingit language resources are cited in the Introduction.
How Information is Cited
Speakers and previously published Tlingit language resources are cited by name in the in the Introduction.
When known, the source of each dictionary entry is cited with the speaker or author's initials. A list the initials can be found in the Introduction next to each speaker or author's name.
Where is Information Coming from
The information in this dictionary comes from speakers, teachers, researchers and students.
The majority of nouns used in the dictionary come from Jeff Leer's Interior Tlingit Dictionary, and the verb information and modes come from Keri Eggleston's verb work through the Alaska Native Knowledge Network.
The following individuals and texts are cited as sources in the Introduction: Naats Tláa Gillian Story & Shaachookwá Constance Naish Tlingit Verb Dictionary (1973); Ḵeixwnéi Nora & Xwaayeenáḵ Richard Dauenhauer; Weihá Jeff Leer Tlingit Verbs (1974); Tlingit Stem List (1978); Interior Tlingit Noun Dictionary (2001 with Doug Hitch & John Ritter); Andy Hope; Gooshdehéen Mark Jacobs Jr; X̱ʼaagi Sháawu Keri Eggleston Dictionary of Tlingit, 575+ Tlingit Verbs: The Paradigms, and continued verb research; Kaxwaan Éesh George Davis; Sháksháani Marge Dutson; Kóoshdaakʼu Éesh Bill Fawcett; Keihéenákʼw John Martin; Ḵʼaltseen Carolyn Martin; Yax̱duláḵt Lillian Austin; Dasdiyaa Ethel Makinen; G̱ooch Shaayí Harold Jacobs; Shx̱ásti Sally Hopkins; Aantsoox̱ Sally Burratin; Dzéiwsh James Crippen; Seidayaa Elizabeth Nyman; Ḵaajeetguxeex Thomas Young; Kingeistí David Katzeek; Yaan Jiyeet G̱áax̱ Thomas Thornton; Ḵaaḵal.aat Florence Sheakley; Ḵaal.átkʼ Charlie Joseph; Ḵaaháni Helen Watkins; Gax̱daakashú Joe Hotch; K’óox Johnny Marks; G̱unáak’w Fred White; Ḵaalḵáawu Cyril George; Keiyishí Bessie Cooley; Koolyeiḵ Roby Littlefield; Kaséix̱ Selina Everson; G̱unéiwti Marsha Hotch; Naatskʼi Éesh Ted Valle; Kéet Yanaayí Willie Marks; Séig̱éig̱éi Emma Marks; Shaag̱aw Éesh Devlin Anderstrom; Achkwéi Lena Farkas; Daasdiyaa Nellie Lord; Ḵaanáḵ Ruth Demmert; Naakil.aan Hans Chester; Jig̱eit Tláa Irene Cadiente; La.óos Tláa Ida Calmegane; Ḵaax̱tseen Herb Sheakley; Kinkawduneek Paul Marks; Seidayaa Mary Anderson; Kux̱aanguwutaan Fredrica de Laguna; Ḵaakligé Norman James; Shákwkʼ Helen Chester; Analahash Sam Johnston; Kaasgéiy Susie James; X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell; Yaaneekee Charlie White; Sumiq David Russell-Jensen; G̱ooch Éesh Johnny C. Jackson; Lgéikʼi Éesh Dick Newton; Sag̱ooch William James; Ḵukáx̱kʼw Katherine Benson; Naakil.aan Frank Dick; Dáanaawaaḵ Austin Hammond.; Mildred Sparks; Kʼóox John Marks; Ḵaal.átkʼ Charlie Joseph; Lʼeiwtu.éesh Herman Davis; George Emmons, Shx̱aastí Sally Hopkins; Káax̱ḵaatuklagé Kenny Grant; Ḵootéen Amy Marvin; Tseexwáa J.B. Fawcett.
More previously published Tlingit language resources included in this dictionary are cited in the A Brief History of Tlingit Dictionaries and Additional References sections.
Tools and Framework used
This dictionary is available as a digital book, and as a website.
Access
The digital copy of this dictionary and the website are both open access.
Included Languages and Directionality
Tlingit to English, English to Tlingit.
Dialects Included
No dialect of Tlingit is specified for this dictionary.
Type of Dictionary
This is a bilingual, bidirectional wordlist.
How are Entries Organised
Entries are split up into two sections in the dictionary: Tlingit to English, and English to Tlingit. Within these sections, entries are organized alphabetically by Tlingit (Tlingit to English) and English (English to Tlingit). Some entries include example phrases with morphological breakdowns and clarification for pronouns.
All parts of speech are included together in alphabetical order in the main body of the dictionary, including verb roots (in the Tlingit to English section).
A guide to alphabetical order of Tlingit can be found in the front-matter of the dictionary under Alphabetization. This section states that the alphabetization found in this dictionary is similar to other recent Tlingit publications with the exception of additional detail in vowel sounds. This dictionary alphabetizes vowels sounds in groups in the following order: short and low, short and high, long and low, long and high (ex. a, á, aa, áa)–rather than by location of the sound in the mouth or by how they would be alphabetized in English.
Other Features
| Feature | Included | More Information |
|---|---|---|
| Guide to use and understand | ✅ | Yes, in the front-matter, including: Using This Dictionary, Parts of Speech, and Alphabetization sections |
| Audio | ❌ | |
| Images | ❌ | |
| Example phrases | ❌ | |
| Speakers marked | ✅ | When known speakers and other sources are cited with initials in entries |
| Dialects marked | ❌ |
Other Notes
Grammar and language structure information is included under Parts of Speech.
Paradigms showing tense, aspect, and pronouns are included in some entries, when relevant.
The newest edition includes colour coded morphemes in some entries, although there does not appear to be a guide to these colours.
X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell is the compiler of another Tlingit dictionary, titled Lingít Dictionary: Northern Dialect, published under Lance A. Twitchell.
External Links
The most recent version of the dictionary and the html website can be found on the Lingít Yoo X̲ʼatángi/Tlingit Language website: https://tlingitlanguage.com/resources/dictionary-2/
The 2017 draft can be found here: https://tlingitlanguage.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tlingit-dictionary.pdf,
The UBC wiki page for X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell's other dictionary Lingít Dictionary: Northern Dialect can be found here: Documentation:RelLex/Lingít Dictionary: Northern Dialect
The RelLex Knowledgebase page for X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell's other dictionary Lingít Dictionary: Northern Dialect can be found here: https://knowledgebase.arts.ubc.ca/lingit-dictionary-northern-dialect/