Documentation:RelLex/Quapaw Language Lexicon & English to Quapaw Dictionary
Quapaw Language Lexicon & English to Quapaw Dictionary
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Language Name
Quapaw, Kansa, Osage, and Omaha-Ponca.
Alternate Language Names
Quapaw: Arkansas, Okáxpa.
Kansa: Kaw, Kanza, Kaáⁿze, Kaánze.
Osage: 𐓏𐒰𐓓𐒰𐓓𐒷 𐒻𐒷, Wažáže ie.
Omaha-Ponca: Umóⁿhoⁿ, Umonhon, Paⁿka.
Region
Quapaw: Arkansas and Oklahoma, United States
Kansa: Kansas and Oklahoma, United States
Osage: Oklahoma, United States.
Omaha-Ponca: Nebraska and Oklahoma, United States.
Who
Quapaw Tribal Ancestry.
Others Involved
Risë Supernaw Proctor, Billy Supernaw Proctor (Project Coordinators); Maude Angel Supernaw, Anna Beaver, Mary Lane Redeagle, Fannie Goodeagle Richards, Alice Crawfish Gilmore, Louis Quapaw, Mary Wilson, Odestine Hampton McWatters, M.R. Harrington (Speakers).
Publishing Information
This is an online dictionary and does not display any launch or update dates.
How People are Cited
Speakers and other language contributors are cited on the landing page of the English to Quapaw Dictionary below the heading Quapaw Sources. They are also cited (with photos) on the Our Quapaw Language Speakers page on the Quapaw Language Lexicon. The project coordinators are cited on the home page of the Quapaw Tribal Ancestry website below the heading Who We Are?
How Information is Cited
Speakers, including those identified by previous language documentation projects, and previously documented and/or published materials are cited on the landing page of the English to Quapaw Dictionary. Speakers are also cited on the Our Quapaw Language Speakers page and previously documented materials are also cited on the Historical Written Works on the Quapaw Language page of the Quapaw Language Lexicon.
Where is Information Coming from
Information in this dictionary comes from recordings of speakers throughout the twentieth century and previously documented language works by linguists throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first century. For Quapaw, these include work by James Owen Dorsey, George Izard, Frank T. Siebert, and Lewis F. Hadley. For other Dhegiha languages (i.e., Kansa, Osage, Omaha-Ponca), these include James Owen Dorsey's material on Omaha-Ponca, Mark Swetland's 1977 material on Omaha from Elizabeth Stabler, Francis LaFlesche's 1932 Dictionary of the Osage Language, Carolyn Quintero's 2004 Osage Grammar and 2009 Osage Dictionary, and Linda A. Cumberland and Robert L. Rankin's 2012 An Annotated Dictionary of Kaw.
Tools and Framework used
This is an online multimedia dictionary which includes audio.
Access
This dictionary is open access hosted on the Quapaw Tribal Ancestry website.
Included Languages and Directionality
English to Quapaw. This dictionary also includes information on the other Dhegiha languages (Kansa, Osage, and Omaha-Ponca).
Dialects Included
No dialect is specified for this dictionary.
Type of Dictionary
This is a multilingual, mono-directional online dictionary.
How are Entries Organised
Entries are organized alphabetically by English in both sections of this online dictionary. At the top of both landing pages of the dictionary there is the English alphabet with each letter hyperlinked. When a letter is clicked on, the dictionary lists all entries that begin with that letter.
Entries in the Quapaw Language Lexicon are hyperlinked. When clicked on, users are taken to that entry of the dictionary which contains the English head word, the Quapaw translation broken into components by hyphens followed by the Quapaw translation with stress markings, and the English gloss. All entries contain an audio file of a speaker saying the Quapaw term. These recordings are from the 1970s or earlier and may be slightly difficult to make out. The speaker in the audio file is cited by name below the audio file. Many entries contain variations. Variation entries contain the Quapaw translation broken into components, the stress-marked Quapaw translation, and the English gloss. All entries are cited to either a speaker (by being written alongside the audio recording of that variation) or a linguist/language documenter (through initials of the one who documented the word). Every entry has a section called Dhegiha Language Family Comparison which lists the term in other Dhegiha languages (i.e., Kansa, Osage, and Omaha-Ponca). Each language is not included in each entry, but each entry includes several related terms in at least one of these languages. These are listed in bullet point below the section's heading by the Dhegiha word broken into components followed by the stress-marked Dhegiha term, the English translation, the source (by initials of the linguist/language documenter), and the language.
Entries in the English to Quapaw Dictionary begin with the English headword. Listed below, indented slightly is the Quapaw translation broken into components by hyphens, the stress-marked Quapaw translation, and the English gloss. Listed below this, indented further, are any cross references (written Quapaw to English), as well as example words/terms (written Quapaw to English) and related terms/variations in other Dhegiha languages (written Dhegiha language to English). Terms in other Dhegiha languages contain the source (marked by initials of the linguist/language documenter) and the language name. Any Quapaw variations of the English head word are listed below in line with the first Quapaw translation with cross references, example words/terms, and related Dhegiha terms below that, indented slightly as with extra information listed below the first Quapaw translation. Where known, the source of the entry, whether speaker or linguist/language documenter, is cited within the entry through the initials of the individual.
From the landing page of the Quapaw Language Lexicon users can access a number of pages including the English to Quapaw Dictionary, information about the speakers included in the lexicon, and a bibliography of the previously documented/published language resources used in creating this resource. From the landing page of the English to Quapaw Dictionary, users can access a list of the sources (both speakers and previously documented/published written resources).
Other Features
| Feature | Included | More Information |
|---|---|---|
| Guide to use and understand | ❌ | |
| Audio | ✅ | In Quapaw Language Lexicon entries |
| Images | ❌ | |
| Example phrases | ❌ | Example words/terms given in most entries in the English to Quapaw Dictionary |
| Speakers marked | ✅ | Speakers marked by their initials within English to Quapaw Dictionary; speaker names below audio files in Quapaw Language Lexicon entries |
| Dialects marked | ✅ | No dialect is specified; languages specified in all entries |
Other Notes
The Quapaw Language Lexicon and English to Quapaw Dictionary, while unique resources, are hosted on the same platform by the Quapaw Tribal Ancestry website. The English to Quapaw Dictionary is accessible from the Quapaw Language Lexicon, but not the other way around. The Quapaw Language Lexicon appears to function as the home page for the resource, with connections to other pages linked here.
External Links
Access the Quapaw Language Lexicon hosted by the Quapaw Tribal Ancestry website: http://www.quapawtribalancestry.com/quapawlanguage/index.htm
Access the English to Quapaw Dictionary hosted by the Quapaw Tribal Ancestry website: http://www.quapawtribalancestry.com/quapawdictionary/quapawdictionary.htm
The Quapaw Tribal Ancestry home page: http://www.quapawtribalancestry.com/
The Quapaw Language page on the Quapaw Nation website, which links to both these resources, hosts other language resources: https://www.quapawtribe.com/758/Quapaw-Language