Course:EDUC500/2013-2014/001/Term-End Summary

Group 1

Group Members

• Shelley Moore
• Karen Meliville
• Antonia Lazarova
• Alistair Gordon
• Saule Chikeyeva

Methodology

Case Study

Description

Case Study is often used for research involving individuals or small groups. Because the population is so small, you can research into many aspects of the situation versus other methodologies where large studies will research one aspect of many groups or people. Case Study can also be used when the population with whom you want to research is of low incidence. Case Study all helps to understand the interrelatedness of many factors involved in single incidents. Case Studies brought together with others can triangulate to patterns which can lead to new theories.

Characteristics

Some characteristics of case study are that they are inductive, as well as there is an assumption that situations and events are interconnected and not simple causal relationships of single variables. Because of this, often case studies are used to make plans or structure supports based out of the event, as the research is responding to specific contexts and their complexity. Case Study also moves from specific to general applications.

Examples

Examples of case studies where either the event or the target population occurs infrequently are (1) A school who experienced a shooting and (2) research involving students with special educational or medical needs (3) a specific class and their experiences with a school garden (see example below)

Example Topic

The Experiential Impact of School Gardens on Secondary School Students Attitudes towards their Health

Example Sampling Method

Before data collection with the intent to describe some sub-group in depth (homogenous sampling)

Example Sample

Students taking Foods 9/10 in one school

Example Method(s)

Questionnaire/ Interview: What are the demographics of students? What the students learned through the experience? What did you like about the garden experience? what did you find the most challenging? would you like to continue gardening? What is your previous experience in gardening?

Observation: field notes observing student attitudes and emotions in the garden:

Audio Visual: video taping gardening experience and observing dialogue between students

Documents: Student journal reflection, student samples of curricular activities (foods lab)

Example Tool

Audio Visual: Students are video taping their gardening experiences and follow up their recording with a self reflection in a gardening journal (what they chose to video and why? What they learned from the experience?)

Group 2

Methodology

Phenomenology

Description

Phenomenology originates from the field of philosophy and the study of structures of conscious experience, or first person experience related to the senses and the life world experience of imagining, emotion, desire, and embodiment for example. It was influenced by Heidegger and Sartre.

Research focus: People's individual or collective experiences of a particular phenomenon or life experience.

Characteristics

Using qualitative research methods are useful here, or mixed methods that incorporate quantitative and qualitative research methods.

Research can be iterative, that is, as interviews are conducted and data collected the researcher can utilize this information to redirect or change the focus of their work as they work with recipients.

Phenomenology is concerned with the perspectives of the individual in an identified phenomenological area. Personal perspective and knowledge is valued in this research methodology. Phenomenology seeks to gain a deeper insight to the individuals experiences by gaining insight to the motivation and experience of people. Phenomenology seeks to describe rather than explain a particular phenomenon.

Examples

Education Interviewing teachers, school staff, parents, elders, school community members about their own school experiences in k-12 and how that might affect their perspectives about school today.

How current experiences at their child's school have changed or augmented their perceptions about school and its role in their lives.

What they would like to see/experience/participate in at their child's current school?

Nursing Examining what is the essential structure of a caring client-patient relationship from the patients perspective.

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Group 3

Group Members

• Karthick
• Charmaine
• Kathryn

Methodology

Grounded Theory Study

Description

A grounded theory study aims to generate or discover a theory in relation to a specific situation in which individuals are responding to a phenomenon. It primarily relies on interviews or focus groups based on numerous visits to the field. Researchers then develop categories or concepts based on the data which leads to a substantive level theory, and the generation of a series of hypotheses or a form of narrative statements. This process may iterative.

Characteristics

Grounded theory studies - 20-30 interviews or until saturation. - Using open coding, categories with several properties are created from the data. - The researcher returns to the data several times to - Requires the researcher to approach process without personal bias - Challenges associated include how to determine when the categories are saturated - The generation a theory can lead to further testing

Examples

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Group 4

Group Members

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Methodology

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Group 5

Group Members

mu yang

Denise Haugh

Methodology

To establish these patterns, the ethnographer engages in extensive work in the field, called fieldwork, gathering information through observations, interviews, and materials helpful in developing a portrait and establishing "cultural rules" of the culture-sharing group.

Sensitive to these field issues, the procedures in ethnography call for a detailed description of site culture-sharing group or individual, an analysis of the culture-sharing group by themes or perspectives, and some interpretati011 of the culture-sharing group for meanings of social interaction and generalizations about human social life

Description

Ethnography involves describing and interpreting a cultural or social group or system. The researcher examines the patterns and ways of life of a cultural group over a prolonged period of time, immersing him/herself in the day-to day lives of the people in that group or by conducting one-to-one interviews.

Characteristics

An ethnographic researcher concentrates on what people do and say, and observes the tension between what these people really do and what they ought to do; in addition to observing what people make and use. The researcher finds stories, rituals, and myths, and exposes cultural themes as he or she gathers artifacts and evidence. Culture is viewed as something that is amorphous.

The researchers gather the information through conversation and interviews.

Examples

international students communication problems in UBC

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