Course:CONS200/2024WT1/The pros and cons of Octopus aquaculture: Is an ethical industry possible?

Add your introduction here, covering general background information about the topic (e.g. location, duration).

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Heading #1 - Positive and Negatives of Octopus Aquaculture

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Include the scope/scale of the problem, intensity/frequency/severity of negative impacts, variables influencing those impacts and any other relevant information needed for understanding the issue.

Positives of Octopus Aquaculture

The global seafood industry plays an essential role in providing food, jobs, and cultural significance (Lam, 2016). Octopus is one of the most commercially harvested species and holds both social and economic significance in southern Europe (Ainsworth et al., 2023). From a cultural perspective, octopus being rich in protein and amino acid became a cultural delicacy in the regions of Asia and the Mediterranean (Villanueva et al. 2014). In 2020, octopus production has tripled its production over the last 50 years (Ainsworth et al., 2023). Aquaculture holds the potential to increase the resilience and diversification of the global seafood production system (Lam, 2016). By developing sustainable aquaculture, communities in Asia and the Mediterranean can continue to celebrate their traditions and share their cultural importance with others.

The cultural importance of octopus fishing and the economic benefits from aquaculture have provided jobs for local economies (Ainsworth et al., 2023). Octopus can easily adapt to captivity life like aquaculture (Vaz-Pires et al., 2004). Octopuses generally have short life cycles with rapid growth and elevated food conversion (Villanueva et al. 2014). Additionally, the reproduction of octopuses in captivity allows for large hatchlings, which also allows for trade of octopus eggs (Villanueva et al. 2014). With rapid growth and high survival rates, octopus biomass accumulates into a marketable commodity (Villanueva et al. 2014).

Negatives of Octopus Aquaculture

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Heading #2 - Ethical Aquaculture

A description of the solutions or efforts that are currently underway to tackle the issue or problem.

Heading #3

Describe your analysis and evaluation of additional solutions and recommendations from a technical, social, cultural, economic, financial, political and/or legal points of view (not all of these categories will be relevant to all situations);

Conclusion

You should conclude your Wiki paper by summarizing the topic, or some aspect of the topic.

References

Please use the Wikipedia reference style. Provide a citation for every sentence, statement, thought, or bit of data not your own, giving the author, year, AND page. For dictionary references for English-language terms, I strongly recommend you use the Oxford English Dictionary. You can reference foreign-language sources but please also provide translations into English in the reference list.

Note: Before writing your wiki article on the UBC Wiki, it may be helpful to review the tips in Wikipedia: Writing better articles.

[WIKI REFERENCE FORMAT LATER]

Ainsworth, G. B., Pita, P., Pita, C., Roumbedakis, K., Pierce, G. J., Longo, C., Verutes, G., Fonseca, T., Castelo, D., Montero-Castaño, C., Valeiras, J., Rocha, F., García-de-la-Fuente, L., Acuña, J. L., Del Pino Fernández Rueda, M., Fabregat, A. G., Martín-Aristín, A., & Villasante, S. (2023). Identifying sustainability priorities among value chain actors in artisanal common octopus fisheries. Reviews in fish biology and fisheries, 1–30. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-023-09768-5

Almeida, C., Loubet, P., Laso, J., Nunes, M. L., & Marques, A. (2022). Environmental assessment of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) from a small-scale fishery in Algarve (Portugal). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 27(6), 849–867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-022-02072-7

Andrews, P. L. R., Darmaillacq, A.-S., Dennison, N., Gleadall, I. G., Hawkins, P., Messenger, J. B., Osorio, D., Smith, V. J., & Smith, J. A. (2013). The identification and management of pain, suffering and distress in cephalopods, including anaesthesia, analgesia and humane killing. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 447(1), 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.02.010

Grigorakis, K. (2009). Ethical Issues in Aquaculture Production. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 23(4), 345–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-009-9210-5

Hanlon, R. T., Forsythe, J. W., Cooper, K. M., Dinuzzo, A. R., Folse, D. S., & Kelly, M. T. (1984). Fatal penetrating skin ulcers in laboratory-reared octopuses. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 44(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(84)90047-8

Lam, M. E. (2016). The Ethics and Sustainability of Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 29(1), 35–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-015-9587-2

Natali , M., & Gisie, L. (2024). Cephalopod Welfare and Laws in Industrial Aquaculture: Exploring the Irrelevance of Octopus Farming Projects. DALPS (Derecho Animal-Animal Legal and Policy Studies), 2(1), 124–153. https://doi.org/10.36151/DALPS.020

Naylor, R. L., Hardy, R. W., Buschmann, A. H., Bush, S. R., Cao, L., Klinger, D. H., Little, D. C., Lubchenco, J., Shumway, S. E., & Troell, M. (2021). A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature, 591(7851), 551–563. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03308-6

Powell, A. L. (2022). Octopus aquaculture: Welfare practices and challenges. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 63(10), 1072. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9484201/

Sykes, A. V., Almansa, E., Cooke, G. M., Ponte, G., & Andrews, P. L. R. (2017). The Digestive Tract of Cephalopods: a Neglected Topic of Relevance to Animal Welfare in the Laboratory and Aquaculture. Frontiers in Physiology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00492

Vaz-Pires, P., Seixas, P., & Barbosa, A. (2004). Aquaculture potential of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797): a review. Aquaculture, 238(1-4), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.018

Villanueva, R., Sykes, A. V., Vidal, E. A. G., Rosas, C., Nabhitabhata, J., Fuentes, L., & Iglesias, J. (2014). Current Status and Future Challenges in Cephalopod Culture. Cephalopod Culture , 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8648-5_26