Course:ASIA319/2024/脑洞

From UBC Wiki

Introduction

脑洞 (brain hole) characters in simplified Chinese

Creative and outside-the-box thinking is valued and emphasized regardless of the field one chooses to explore. It is certain that by diving deeper into any culture, fandom or discipline, one will eventually find a variety of discourse surrounding the praise for innovative thinking and advancement. Unique perspectives, techniques and ideas buzz throughout the internet, and Chinese netizens have one phrase of internet slang that encapsulates those who are at the forefront of techinical and creative innovation.

Brain hole/cavity/cave or 脑洞 (naodong or nao dong), is an internet slang phrase that became popular during the mid 2010s[1] which usage is associated with praise for impressive ideas. Originating from the Japanese anime fandom culture[2], despite its heavy presence only on internet forums, 脑洞 is now seen in a wide variety of mediums and fields. Its propagation ranges from internet memes, opinion pieces on animation on online blogs[3] to academic research papers on fantasy[4] and science fiction[5]. When an individual is shown to be generating innovative ideas or possessing a unique perspective, one could refer to them as 脑洞太大 (nao dong tai da)[6]. When a novel, movie or any other medium is said to be educational, or eye-opening, one could use the phrase 脑洞大开 (nao dong da kai)[7].

脑洞 has had a significant transformation from its niche beginnings in anime fandom culture to becoming a staple of Chinese internet culture and popular media discourse. Understanding the multifaceted usage of this phrase and its origins will offer readers a better insight into how ideas move across cultural boundaries within and around China, and how ideas adapt to different mediums and disciplines. It will also provide a richer understanding of Chinese fandom culture and the relationship it has with media within different industries and teach us what information, innovations and techniques are valued amongst Chinese netiziens.

The genesis of the keyword

The Genesis and Evolution of “脑洞”

Evolution of the word “脑洞”

The term "脑洞" (nao dong), combining "脑" (nao) for "brain" and "洞" (dong) for "hole," has become a significant symbol of creativity and imaginative thinking in contemporary Chinese internet culture. Originating from the Japanese anime concept of “脳内補完” (のうないほかん, nounai hokan), adapted in Chinese as “脑补” (nao bu), where “补” (bu) means “to supplement or fill”[8]. “脑补” refers to fans imaginatively filling in plot gaps, adding unwritten elements to stories[9]. In this context, “脑洞” represents a metaphorical hole that can only be filled by boundless creativity, often producing ideas that are absurd, fantastical, or surreal. Initially popular within fandom communities, “脑洞” expanded into mainstream usage[10], and by 2015, “脑洞大开” (literally “wide open brain hole”) was so widely used that it ranked among the top ten internet slang phrases in China[1], reflecting its cultural resonance and the growing acceptance of imaginative expression as part of online identity. This surge in popularity was further fuelled by the release of the internet series 脑洞大开 (Mind-Blown)[11], which brought the term to a wider audience and cemented its place in the mainstream lexicon.

Impact on Culture and the Creative Industry

In online literature and fan culture, “脑洞“ and its precursor “脑补” play crucial roles in reshaping the traditional relationship between authors, works, and readers. Through the process of “脑补“, readers fill in narrative gaps with their own interpretation[9], thereby diminishing the author’s exclusive authority over the work’s meaning. In this sense, the original work loses some of its “absolute authority” as readers generate new interpretations and meaning that vary individually[11]. This process can also be compared to “headcanon”, in which fans develop their own interpretation of characters and stories that goes beyond the explicitly stated texts[9].

For creators, this imaginative process is not only a form of artistic expression but also a strategic necessity in an intensely competitive online market. The digital landscape of Chinese science fiction has become a battleground where authors must continuously innovate to attract and retain readers embodying the concept of “卷” (increasing competition/rat race), as they strive to monetize their intellectual property through adaptation into other media formats[12]. Imagination in this context serves as a dual purpose tool: it is both an escape from mundane and a commercial asset within China’s creative industries, where a single “hook” or unique idea can be translate into lucrative cross media adaptations. This commercialized aspect of “脑洞“ reflects the broader transmedial, transnational, and transgeneric nature of Chinese online science fiction, as these works frequently draw on global sci-fi themes and are subsequently adapted into multiple media products, often extending beyond traditional literary boundaries into comics (漫画), web dramas (网剧), and fan fiction (同人小说)[8].

The Chinese government’s support for the sci-fi industry in the post reform era has played an important role in the proliferation and popularization of terms like “脑洞“[13]. This support, combined with the post reform openness to foreign cultural influences, has created an environment that encourages and celebrates the imaginative expressions foundational to science fiction. By backing sci-fi as a means of boosting innovation and soft power, the government fostered the mainstream acceptance and expansion of such concepts, allowing “脑洞” to become widely recognized and integrated across various media and pop culture platforms[14][15].

An elaboration of its variegated meanings, actual usages, and value-loaded implications

Meanings, Usages, and Contexts

In Chinese Online Communities

脑洞meme (original creative coding piece by Andrew Sun)

The term 脑洞 is often used in the online Chinese internet community, usually as a way to describe imagination and creativity. For example, when someone sees something they find creative to the extent of awe-inspiring or genius, they would say "——的脑洞很大“[16]("___'s brain hole is big") as a compliment towards the creator's vivid use of imagination or genius. In online fandom communities, 脑洞 is also used when referring to other creative fan cultural productions including but not limited to art, fiction (脑文, see section Internet Fan Culture), music, and games[17], often as a leisure activity or hobby for many youth, especially students, in China[17].

Another close term, Nǎodòng tài dà 脑洞太大 ("brain hole is too big"), is also used in a similar context as 脑洞很大. While the implication that having a "big brain hole" is good, however, the word 太 expresses the meaning of too much of something, resulting in the occasional case of the phrase being used or interpreted in a negative context. One netizen has defined 脑洞太大 as "having too much imagination, that it has started creating negative effects (other people kind of can't tolerate it)"[18], and other responses include ambiguous explanations such as "overthinking" or "not smart enough yet, but there's still potential" with a reply below asking if the term is considered an insult[19][20].

In the Creative Industry

The term 脑洞 is commonly seen when referring to artworks as innovative or creative, or sometimes used as 脑洞大开 to describe something as eye-opening. China is on the rise in the global contemporary art market, having ranked second worldwide in generating revenue in 2024, only behind the United States, according to Artprice by Artmarket’s report[21]. In the 2000s, the Chinese government introduced new policies that would financially support building new contemporary art museums[22], creating more exhibition spaces for creators to gather together to “create synergies, stimulate creativity, and develop ambitious, innovative projects”[22]. This initiative increases China’s economic influence in the global art industry through the production and buying of art, as well as builds the image of China to the international audience as a global leader and creative innovator in contemporary art, increasing their soft power[22].

Other usages of the term

The term 脑洞 has occasionally been used in reference to parts of the brain in the topic of neuroscience. For example, the gaps between axons, the neuro cables in the brain, was referred to as 脑洞 (literally “brain holes”) in an article on the study of brain connectivity[23]. 脑洞 has also been used to refer to physical issues within the brain, such as in the case of a damaged blood-brain barrier[24].

Related Chinese terms/words

Below are a list of Chinese terms and phrases closely related to 脑洞:

- Dòngchá 洞察 ("see clearly; have an insight")

- Dòngchálì 洞察力 ("insight; perspicacity; discernment; intuition")

- Nǎobǔ 脑补 (“brain supplement, filling the brain”)

- Nǎodòng wén 脑洞文/èr chuàng wén 二創文 (“innovative/creative writing”, “derivative writing”)

- Nǎodòng dà kāi 脑洞大开 (“greatly enrich one’s mind”)

- Nǎodòng tài dà 脑洞太大 (“to have a brain that’s too big”, to be extremely creative)

- Nǎodòng tuòzhǎn 脑洞拓展 (“to expand one’s brain/imagination”)


For similar terms in other languages, see Counterpart Terms in Western or Non-Chinese Popular Cultures.

Social, cultural, and political implications and problems

Socio-Cultural

Internet Fan Culture

When fan culture first emerged in the 1990s, there were strong opinions from the outside public that stereotyped fans as “brainwashed immature fanatic individuals unable to make meaningful judgments”[25]. There were also many criticisms that popular culture was meaningless and was a form of “capitalist cultural control”[26], pointing to the undeniable rise of capitalism as socialism continues to decline in China. In response to these criticisms, there were also arguments that presented the working class and participants of popular culture as “active manipulators of the cultural products and signs offered to them”[26], presenting the notion of popular culture providing opportunities and inspiration for people to use their imagination and express their creativity.

The term 脑洞 is often used in Chinese internet fan culture in the context of creative fiction “脑洞文” (nao dong wen). This term consists of the words “brain hole” 脑洞 and “text/writing” 文, essentially meaning “creative writing”. The subculture revolving around 脑洞文 is based on the “consumption and rewriting media and literary texts of various national origins”[27]. As such, these re-created works are also known as “二次創作”(er ci chuang zuo), meaning “re-creation” or “derivative work”[28]. Many of these creative works seen in fandoms often revolve around slash culture, a genre depicting homosexual relationships[25], which has been interpreted as avante-garde and experimental in its endeavour[29], as well as acknowledged for its risky position, though passive, against Chinese normative ideals of heterosexuality. It has also been interpreted as a form of feminism that challenges the “social expectations of female’s desire and presentation”[25] in China by openly expressing the female gaze of desire through fictional male characters.

Before the emergence of fan-fiction of popular media today, there have also been written sequels and rewrites of many Chinese literary classics by various readers and authors alike, such as “《紅樓夢》:現代白話版” (The Dream of Red Chambers: Modern Vernacular Version)[30], a modernized text version of the traditional Chinese classic work “红楼梦 The Dream of Red Chambers”[29] for easier reader comprehension. Through “脑洞大开”, using one’s imagination, many traditional and foreign literary works have been rewritten by writers to fit a more modernized and localized societal context and audience. At the same time, writers break the barrier of elitism of high-culture literature by self-producing derivative works as non-professionals for fellow audience and fans.

Socio-political

Fandom Media Censorship

Cǎo ní mǎ 草泥馬, “alpaca”, which sounds similar to swearing when pronounced in Chinese.

While fan fiction has been largely influential in the narratives of online fictional writing in China[31], it is also in a vulnerable position of being removed without a moment’s notice by the government. The presence of depictions of homoerotic relationships and pornography in many creative fan works in fandom media has received much attention from the Chinese state government as a politically sensitive issue, and thus has been subject to many government censorship campaigns[31]. More extreme cases have occurred where danmei (the Chinese genre of homoerotic romance) authors have been arrested for writing pornographic content or unauthorized publications[31]. In the face of the State, which had always upheld conservative views regarding sexual identities, as well as the lack of legitimacy in neither a commercial or representative way due to its not-for-profit nature[31], fans are seen constantly migrating to and from various different sites to avoid too much mainstream attention and consequently government surveillance[31].

In response to the censorship campaigns, online users have also circulated memes to express their dissatisfaction with the government crackdowns. A popular example is a picture depicting an alpaca in a field of grass, with a text that translates to “next to the infinite amount of beautiful horses there are a group of grass mud horses”. The characters for “grass mud horses” (草泥马) in Chinese are similar to cursing[31], but remain subtle under the context of a lighthearted joke. Web novel sites have also substituted censored terms with other words, such as replacing danmei with chun’ai, meaning “pure love” to override word censorship[31], and some sites enforced self-censorship to prevent being shut down[31].

Political - Soft Power

The Science Fiction Industry

The science fiction literature and industry in China has been rapidly growing in recent years[12]. With the development of science fiction films in particular, there has been an increasing effort by the state government to fund and standardize film production to further expand the influence of Chinese soft power[32]. The broadened possibilities of realities through science fiction, paired with the imaginations of producers, allow for creations of fictional ideal worlds that become imaginary solutions to various dissatisfactions in life. Due to the genre’s works’ presentation as fictional, subtle criticisms of the Chinese state government’s political ideologies by the authors may also be made under the guise of the fictional world’s settings. The existence of science-fiction genre theme parks in China such as the Guizhou Oriental Science Fiction Valley Theme Park further push the utopian ideal through providing physical experience[12]. In the theme parks, visitors “immerse themselves in an imaginary world drawing on cutting-edge technology like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI)”[33], simultaneously enabling the visualization of science fiction as reality, as well as China as a fantasy. At the same time, it also presents to tourists the image of China as an advanced country at the front of the global technology industry.

Counterpart Terms in Western or Non-Chinese Popular Cultures

뇌섹 (Brain Sex)

The Korean term 뇌섹 (brain sex) is similar to 脑洞. A combination of “brain” (뇌, noe) and “sexy” (섹시, sek-si), 뇌섹 (noe-sek) describes those whose intellectual and creative capabilities either outshine or complement their physical traits, and make them a more desirable partner[34]. This phrase can be understood as the description of the ideal trait for a sapiosexual, one that prioritizes intelligence over all other aspects of a potential partner. This word is mostly used for men, as the term was made popular after a K-pop member from the group SHINee named Jonghyun created a post on Twitter talking about his want to become a 섹시[35]. Specifically, the idea of 뇌섹 is not about showing off how smart you are in an overconfident manner, but rather the ability to demonstrate impressive problem-solving skills and overall capability. Two contestants of the Reality TV show 더 지니어스 해외판 (The Genius), Hong Jin-ho and Jang Dong-min were the topic of discussion on an online internet forum, which revolved around the debate on which season winner was more 뇌섹[36]. The TV show spanned multiple seasons as a competition show which put contestants into battles that often required perfect analytical and creative problem-solving skills[37]. 뇌섹 is sometimes seen as slang that is used in dating advice forums online which advocate for the importance of intelligence in men. Netizens online linked Sherlock Holmes as an example and one of the first representations of a man 뇌섹 stating “Brainy is the new sexy”[35]. While 뇌섹 focuses on intellectual ability as a whole as an attractive trait, 脑洞 the emphasis on imaginative ideas but both put a value on the importance of the appealing quality of generating great ideas. Both phrases can be seen as a description of out-of-the-box thinking, and the appreciation of creativity and intelligence.

ぶっ飛んでる (Blown Away)

Blown away or ぶっ飛んでる in Japanese is used to describe individuals who defy conventional boundaries and possess a unique view of the world to the point that they’re labelled crazy. People who fall in this category are often known for their rich imagination and intense curiosity in everyday matters[38][39]. ぶっ飛んでる (but-ton-de-ru) originates from the word ぶっ (bu-tsu) which means “to hit“ and carries the meaning of a person so crazy that one would be knocked back upon meeting their personality or from hearing an idea from them[40]. The usage of ぶっ飛んでる shares similarities with 脑洞 as a phrase that describes “mindblowing” or “outrageous” topics as well. One article by Frontrow Japan describes a certain celebrity’s unconventional award storage spot being their garden[41]. Another article by Vogue Japan describes the mindblowing performance of an actor in a new hit movie [42]. While 脑洞 is used as a phrase to praise creative thinking, innovation, and those who don’t conform to the norm, similar to ぶっ飛んでる —the wide range of behaviours that the phrase describes applied to both ideas and people can also leads to a negative interpretation. Online, the word is synonymous with abnormal qualities and ideas. [43]. A Quora user[44] talks about their experience with a naturist, describing them as crazy. Articles and forums that use this phrase have a more diverse interpretation, open to skepticism, critique, fascination, and interest, rather than being reserved only for positive meanings.

Big Brain

Big Brain is a popular western internet slang phrase that describes an individual who has just made a decision that displays a surprising amount of cleverness or stupidity. The phrase is often seen to describe either end of the extreme, and is used either sarcastically or genuinely, but always as an acknowledgement of a feat deemed impressive to internet users1. The phrase could have originated from the online forum site called 4chan, which circulated an image of Big Brain Wojack back in 2016. This image was both a sarcastic response to mock internet users who were overconfident in their intelligence and a commentary on certain societal/political views[45] and also a way to boast about a user’s own intelligence[46].

In 2019, the phrase “Yeah, This Is Big Brain Time”[47] was a phrase said by famous YouTuber Markiplier which has since then turned into an internet meme that is used to highlight an instance where someone does something particularly clever or, ironically, absurdly foolish that leads to comedic value[48].

An extension to this phrase, known as “Galaxy Brain” [49] uses the glowing cosmic imagery alongside the brain to also portray an individual's exaggerated thoughts that they believe would to be intelligent, or out-of-the-box thinking.

“Big Brain Wojack”, “Yeah, This IS Big Brain Time”, and “Galaxy Brain” are all ways that internet users have used to display exaggerated thinking. The more convoluted, sarcastic or creative of a statement, the more brain enlargement is reflected in the image. Although the phrase "Big Brain" is can be interpreted sarcastically or as a form of mockery, it can also be used similarly to the term 脑洞 to praise the creativity, intelligence, or unique thinking of an individual[50].

Conclusion

As China continues to innovate and expand across diverse sectors, the influence of creativity and imaginative expression becomes more valued, with terms like 脑洞 that reflect the importance of being imaginative. This trait has resulted in a rich cultivation of creative fiction and contributed to the broader reimagining of China as a country. Rewrites of literary classics to modern fan fiction genres like 脑洞文, which both reimagine characters and narratives through the lens of contemporary social values. The science fiction industry and creative arts industry go through the similar process, as 脑洞 becomes a highlighted trait, it again pushes narratives from new perspectives explores complex themes relevant to both Chinese and global audiences, which in turn reshape global perceptions of Chinese creativity and innovation[25].

For example, government support towards the development of science fiction has allowed media such as the novel “Three-Body Problem” to rise to global scales[5]. While the increase in contemporary art programs and museums continues to be created within China to promote the development of creatives and innovators that overall generating more content and continues to add more depth into China from in the cultural context.

With current-day scientific advancements and the ever-growing relevancy of topics such as AI and virtual reality, we actively witness the blurring between the boundaries of art and technology. Further research into this intersection with the consideration of 脑洞 could explore how, the phrase might bridge the gap between creative thinking and scientific innovation. How does a world in which the reality of AI is accessible and integrated into all possible mediums affect the concept of 脑洞? Do the concepts of virtual assistants, AI-generated artworks, music, and stories have the capability to enhance one’s 脑洞, or does it harm the industry altogether?

References

  1. Ensure that you use reliable sources (e.g. peer reviewed literature, esteemed journalistic reports, your own field-notes). Citing a reliable newspaper or media is acceptable, only when you cannot find another more reliable source;
  2. Use the Wikipedia reference style (see Wikipedia:Inline citation);
  3. Provide a citation for every sentence, statement, thought, or bit of data not your own, giving the author, year, AND page number in the reference list (if quoting textually);
  4. You can reference foreign-language sources but translate the reference to English.
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ye, Xiaonan (2015). "2015年度十大流行语出炉 (The top ten buzzwords of 2015 are released)". 中国共产党新闻网 China Communist Party News Network.
  2. ↑ "脳内補完 (Brain Complement)". はてなキーワード (Hatena). Retrieved 2024. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  3. ↑ "来聊几部二次元"脑洞"超大的——动漫 (Let's talk about some of the most creative animations in the second dimension)". 搜狐 (Sohu). 5 May 2020. Retrieved 2024. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  4. ↑ 京, 墨. "Aspects of the Weird Fiction in Ancient China". 环球人文地理 (Global Human Geography): 102 – via CNKI.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 沈, 杰群 (2 Feburary 2023). "科学家看《三体》 会被刘慈欣哪些脑洞戳中 (What ideas did Liu Cixin have in mind when reading The Three-Body Problem?)". 中青报: 1–2 – via CNKI. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ↑ 媒, 后台 (5 May 2021). "破壁书｜脑补/脑洞：从动漫走向文艺作品 (Breaking the Wall Book｜Brain Supplement/Brain Hole: From Animation to Literary Works)". 百度 (Baidu). Retrieved 2024. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  7. ↑ "What is "脑洞" in Chinese?". Chinlingo. 21 June 2016.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Inwood, Heather (2024). "Open Up Your Brain Hole: Spatial Imaginaries in Chinese Online Science Fiction". Chinese Science Fiction: 17–18 – via Springer Nature.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Inwood, Heather (2024). "Open Up Your Brain Hole: Spatial Imaginaries in Chinese Online Science Fiction". Chinese Science Fiction: 192–193 – via Springer Link.
  10. ↑ Wang, Tingting (2015). "《咬文嚼字》编辑部2015年十大流行语 (The top ten buzzwords of 2015 from the editorial department)". 中国社会科学网. Archived from the original on 2015. Retrieved 2024. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Xinwen, Zhang (2021). "破壁书｜脑补/脑洞：从动漫走向文艺作品 (Broken Wall Book｜Brain Supplement/Brain Hole: From Animation to Literary Works)". Baidu. Retrieved 2024. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Han, Sunny Han (2022). "Commercialized Imagination: Chinese Science Fiction Today" (PDF). Comparative Literature & World Literature. 7(1): 25–32.
  13. ↑ Inwood, Heather (2024). "Open Up Your Brain Hole: Spatial Imaginaries in Chinese Online Science Fiction". Chinese Science Fiction: 18 – via Springer Link.
  14. ↑ Zhang, Marina Yue (2023). "Wandering Earth II: Can hard Chinese science fiction be a source of soft power?". University of Technology Sydney: Australia-China Relations Institute.
  15. ↑ Kokas, Aynne; Tsu, Jing; Wang, Yilin (2021). "China's Science-Fiction Universe | U.S.-China Insights". National Committee on U.S. China Relations.
  16. ↑ Zhou, Zichen (@zchen.1010). 2024. "這導演腦洞很大～" ("This director has a huge brain hole~"). Threads, October 22, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Jenkins, Henry (February 4, 2013). "The Cultural Context of Chinese Fan Culture: An Interview with Xiqing Zheng (Part Two)". Pop Junctions. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  18. ↑ 恽海聊生活, post to "有人説，你的腦洞太大了，是什麽意思" (What Does it Mean When Someone Says, Your Brain Hole is Too Big), Baidu Knows, September 6, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  19. ↑ wow小怪兽wow, post to "有人説，你的腦洞太大了，是什麽意思" (What Does it Mean When Someone Says, Your Brain Hole is Too Big), Baidu Knows, September 6, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  20. ↑ 百度网友0ffafbd, post to "有人説，你的腦洞太大了，是什麽意思" (What Does it Mean When Someone Says, Your Brain Hole is Too Big), Baidu Knows, September 6, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  21. ↑ "Artprice's 2024 Contemporary Art Market Report". Art price. 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 "The Cultural and Creative Industries Market in China". V.V.R. International. June 6, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  23. ↑ "真·脑洞：大脑里的洞是怎么回事？(Real Brain Hole: What's Going On with the Holes in the Brain?)". 中国科学技术馆 (China Science and Technology Museum). January 9, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  24. ↑ CASE PRESS (January 9, 2020). "大腦逐漸退化，醫學影像發現原因是「腦袋有洞」(The Brain Deteriorating, Medical Images Reveal the Reason "There are Holes in the Brain")". CASE・報科學 (CASE・Reporting Science). Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Xiqing, Zheng (2016). "Borderless Fandom and Contemporary Popular Cultural Scene in Chinese Cyberspace". University Libraries: University of Washington. p.12. Retrieved 2024.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Xiqing, Zheng (2016). "Borderless Fandom and Contemporary Popular Cultural Scene in Chinese Cyberspace". University Libraries: University of Washington. p.13. Retrieved 2024.
  27. ↑ Xiqing, Zheng (2016). "Borderless Fandom and Contemporary Popular Cultural Scene in Chinese Cyberspace". University Libraries: University of Washington. p.iii. Retrieved 2024.
  28. ↑ "二次創作 (Derivative Work)". 萌娘百科 (Moegirlpedia). Last modified August 29, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Jenkins, Henry (February 6, 2023). "The Cultural Context of Chinese Fandom: An Interview with Xiqing Zheng(Part Three)". Pop Junctions. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  30. ↑ 張, 守春 (Zhang, Shouchun) (Accessed November 11, 2024). "《紅樓夢》:現代白話版 (The Dream of Red Chambers: Modern Vernacular Version)". 85度C 小説網 (85°C Novel Web). Retrieved November 11, 2024. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 Zheng, Xiqing (September 15, 2019). "Survival and migration patterns of Chinese online media fandoms". Vol. 30 (2019) – via Transformative Works and Cultures.
  32. ↑ Han, Sunny Han (2022). "Commercialized Imagination: Chinese Science Fiction Today" (PDF). Comparative Literature & World Literature. 7(1): 25.
  33. ↑ Han, Sunny Han (2022). "Commercialized Imagination: Chinese Science Fiction Today" (PDF). Comparative Literature & World Literature. 7(1): 32.
  34. ↑ 한, 근태 (July 2016). "뇌섹남: 많이 읽고, 빨리 가려내고, 짧게 요약한다 (Brain sexy man: Read a lot, filter quickly, and summarize briefly)". DBR. Retrieved 2024. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "샤이니 종현이 만든 유행어 (A catchphrase created by SHINee's Jonghyun)". 더쿠 (The Qoo). 25 December 2017. Retrieved 2024. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  36. ↑ 조1,이2, 은별1, 소연2 (4 Feburary 2015). "[Talk Talk] 장동민VS홍진호, 진정한 뇌섹남은 누구? ([Talk Talk] Jang Dong-min VS Hong Jin-ho, who is the real brain sexy man?)". 브릿지경제 (Viva). Check date values in: |date= (help)
  37. ↑ "The Genius - Season Rankings". YouTube. 28 August 2019. Retrieved 2024. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  38. ↑ "ぶっ飛んでる人の特徴7選！あるある発言＆行動や魅力ポイントとは？(7 characteristics of crazy people! What are their typical comments and actions, and what makes them so attractive?)". ハッピーメール (Happymail). 10 October 2020. Retrieved 2024. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  39. ↑ "ぶっ飛んでる人の特徴とは？行動パターンと心理を分析してみた (What are the characteristics of crazy people? Analyzing their behavioral patterns and psychology)". KAAP LABO. 23 April 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  40. ↑ "ぶっ飛んだ、ぶっ飛んでる (Buttonda, buttonderu)". 笑える国語辞典 (Funny Japanese Dictionary). Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  41. ↑ "アワード常連ロザムンド・パイク、受賞トロフィーの「保管場所」がぶっ飛んでる(Awards regular Rosamund Pike has a crazy trophy storage place)". Frontrow. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  42. ↑ TERAI1 NAKADOZONO2, TAE1 SAORI2 (27 April 2024). "ティモシー・シャラメ、『ウォンカ』でウンパルンパ演じるヒュー・グラントは「ぶっ飛んでる」(Timothée Chalamet says Hugh Grant's role as the Oompa-Loompa in 'Wonka' is 'outrageous')". Vogue Japan. Retrieved 10 Novemeber 2024. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  43. ↑ "「ぶっ飛んでる」とは？意味や類語！例文や表現の使い方 (What does "Buttonderu" mean? Its meaning and synonyms! Examples and how to use the expression)". Meaning Book. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  44. ↑ "今まで会った中で1番ぶっとんだ人はどんな人でしたか？ (Who was the most crazy person you've ever met?)". Quora. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  45. ↑ "Big Brain Wojak - okay but this is a very green way of air traveling". Know Your Meme. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  46. ↑ Feldman, Brian (13 Feburary 2017). "The Meme Wars Have Devolved Into People Arguing About the Size of Their Brains Using MS-Paint Illustrations and the Word 'Whomst'". Intelligencer. Retrieved 11 November 2024. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  47. ↑ "Yeah, This Is Big Brain Time - Part of a series on Markiplier". Know Your Meme. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2024. |first= missing |last= (help)
  48. ↑ "Yeah, This Is Big Brain Time - School problems require school solutions | r/dankmemes". Know Your Meme. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  49. ↑ "Galaxy Brain - Part of a series on Whomst". Know Your Meme. 11 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  50. ↑ "Whomst - Whomst Chart". Know Your Meme. https://knowyourmeme.com/photos/1217719-whomst. Retrieved 11 November 2024. Check date values in: |date= (help)
UBC Asian Centre, Bell Shrine, Winter 2013.JPG
 This resource was created by Course:ASIA319.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:ASIA319/2024/脑洞&oldid=850434"