Library:Library Research Skills For Biologists/Module 6/Page 04
This table shows how to format citations within your written work (CITATIONS IN TEXT) and in the list at end of your assignment (LITERATURE CITED / REFERENCES).
| LITERATURE CITED/REFERENCES | CITATIONS IN TEXT | |
| Book 1 author |
McMillan, V.E. 1988. Writing papers in the biological sciences. Bedford/St. Martin's Press, Boston, Mass. | (McMillan 1988) |
| Book 2 authors |
Humm, H.J., and Wicks, S.R. 1980. Introduction and guide to the marine bluegreen algae. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. | (Humm and Wicks 1980) |
| Book 3 or more authors |
Purves, W.K., Orians, G.H., and Heller, H.C. 1992. Life: The science of biology, 3rd edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc., W. H. Freeman and Company, Sunderland, Mass. | (Purves et al. 1992) |
| Edited book | German, J. (ed.). 1974. Chromosomes and cancer. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. | (German 1974) |
| Book in a series (monographic series) |
Scott, W.B., and Crossman, E.J. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. No. 184 | (Scott and Crossman 1973) |
| Chapter Edited book |
Muldal, S., and Lajtha, L.G. 1974. Chromosomes and leukemia. pp. 451-480 In: J. German, (ed.), Chromosomes and cancer. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. | (Muldal and Lajtha 1974) |
| Journal article 1 author |
Pratt, B.T. 1978. The real thing. Soda News, 8: 456-457. | (Pratt 1978) |
| Journal article 2 authors (paginated by issue) |
Birle, R.A. and Suthers, W.C. 1981. The effects of soft drinks and their constituents on the stamina of rats. Journal of Rat Physiology, 23 (2): 14-22. | (Birle and Suthers 1981) |
| Journal article 3 or more authors |
Bonilla, I., Bolanos, L., and Mateo, P. 1994. Interaction of boron and calcium in the cyanobacteria Anabaena and Synechococcus. Physiologia Plantarum, 94: 31-36. | (Bonilla et al. 1994) |
| Journal article electronic (same as print) |
Han, S.O., and New, P.B. 1998. Variation in nitrogen fixing ability among natural isolates of Azospirillum. Microbial Ecology, 36: 193-201. | (Han and New 1998) |
| Journal article with DOI |
Van der Sanden, J.J., and Hoekman, D.H. 2005. Review of relationships between grey-tone co-occurrence, semivariance, and autocorrelation based image texture analysis approaches [online]. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 31 (3): 207-213. doi:10.1139/rs03-011 | (Van der Sanden and Hoekman 2005) |
| Pamphlet or Government Report |
Thompson, G.A. 1985. Vegetation classification of the Endowment Lands. UBC. Technical Committee on the Endowment Lands, G.V.R.D. Parks Department, Technical Paper #4. | (Thompson 1985) |
| Thesis | Brown, J.H. 1969. The life history and ecology of the northern lake chub (Couesius plumbeus) in the La Ronge region of Saskatchewan. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. | (Brown 1969) |
| Conference paper | Gilbert, J.J. 1998. Differential sensitivity of Synchaeta and Daphnia to nucleosides from Anabaena affinis. in: E. Wurdak, R. Wallace, and H. Segers (ed.), International Rotifer: Rotifera VIII: a Comparative Approach. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht. pp. 277-281. | (Gilbert 1998) |
| Unrefereed Websites | Saffell, B. 1982. A resource center for rearing beneficial insects [online]. Available from http://www.mayhillpress.com/insects.html [accessed 4 December 1997]. | (Saffell 1982) |
Print version: Citing the literature
More examples here. See: “How to Cite and List References” .
| Tip! Copy down the complete reference/citation when you first use it. This will make your life easier when you go to write up your list of references at the end. |