Library:Library Research Skills For Biologists/Module 5/Page 04

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Compiling an Annotated Bibliography Step Four

Step Four: Organize and Arrange Your Citations

After you written an annotation for each source, you must arrange these annotations in an organized list. Make sure that you organize the bibliographic information for each citation according to the citation style that your instructor requests you to use.

Your annotated bibliography may look like the following list:

Sample Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography
Humm, H.J., and Wicks, S.R. 1980. Introduction and guide to the marine bluegreen algae. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Bib arrow.jpg Book

The authors of this text provide readers with a general, yet illuminating overview of the life cycle of green algae. Written primarily for undergraduate students in the life sciences, Douglas and Todd, professors of Biology at the University of Minnesota, present the basic biology of Chlamydomonas. As well, at the conclusion of each chapter, Douglas and Todd provide an exhaustive, annotated list of references for those persons interested in further research and reading on the particular topic discussed in the chapter. The colourful illustrations that supplement the text are useful; they helped me identify and reflect on what I was viewing under the microscope in class.


King, J., and Weiler, J. 2000. Fungi remediation and abatement in New York City public buildings [online]. Available from http://www.nyc.ci.public/buildings/report/fungi.html [cited 15 December 2003]. Bib arrow.jpg Web site

King and Weiler, researchers at New York State University, detail the results of air sampling they conducted from 1996-1999 in 234 public buildings located in New York City. Originally submitted as a report to the city of New York in 2002, King and Weiler report that various types of fungi were located: Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Memnoniella. They examine the ways in which this fungi (i.e. species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Memnoniella) in addition to Stachybotrys chartarum can produce mycotoxins. I think that they provide readers with a helpful overview of mycotoxins (fungal metabolites that have been identified as toxic agents). I found the section on the long-term health effects associated with exposure to fungi the most helpful for my project. In particular, I plan to further research the ways in which prolonged exposure to fungi that grows on bird and bat droppings (e.g. Histoplasma capsulatum) leads to negative health effects.


Purves-Smith, J. 1990. The negative effects of soft drinks on human physiology. Journal of Human Physiology, 76: 490-493. Bib arrow.jpg Journal article

Lowe's brief article detailing his research on the effects of soft drinks on the human body reveals the biological consequences of a diet in which a person consumes more than 2 soft drinks per day. Specifically, Lowe describes the study he conducted in 1988 at the University of Michigan. Although the article is well written and easily interpretable, I do not think that it would be useful to my investigation concerning the health effects of soft drinks. In particular, he fails to reach any original conclusions. Research has been done on this topic (see Thompson 1977; Peters 1979) since the late 1970s. As well, I think that there are serious omissions in his article. He fails to detail the size of sample population and only discusses his research method in a cursory way.