Documentation:Guide to Ming Studies

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Introduction

This guide is aimed to facilitate research by both beginning students and advanced scholars. It offers a starting point for the study of Ming-dynasty China (1368–1644), though many of the items listed would be useful for other periods. Particular emphasis has been placed on online resources. Please send suggestions or corrections to Leo Shin.

Acknowledgment

In compiling this guide, I have been much inspired by Endymion Wilkinson's Chinese History: A New Manual (2018), and Benjamin Elman's Classical Historiography for Chinese History, Edward L. Farmer, Romeyn Taylor, and Ann Waltner's Ming History: An Introductory Guide to Research (1994; pdf).

Notes

This page uses Unicode (UTF-8) encoding. If your device is having troubles displaying CJK characters, please test your browser or see help. Unfortunately, many of the indexes and databases are proprietary; if necessary, please set up your browser to connect through the proxy server of your institution. Some web sites are known to not play well; try a different browser before giving up.

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Guides

Guides: General

. . . where and how to begin

  1. Chinese History: A New Manual. 2018. By Endymion Wilkinson. Published by Harvard University Asia Center. A comprehensive guide for the study of Chinese history. DS735.W695 2018. Available digitally through Pleco.
  2. Classical Historiography for Chinese History. By Benjamin A. Elman. Updated periodically. Extensive lists of research tools and links to printed and electronic resources for classical Chinese studies.
  3. Introduction to Research in Chinese Source Materials. 2000. By Alvin P. Cohen. New Haven, Conn.: Far Eastern Publications, Yale University. Covers a wide range of reading and research skills central to the study of traditional China. Includes useful exercises. DS706.C64 2000
  4. Companion to Chinese History. Edited by Michael Szonyi. 2017. Chichester, West Sussex; Malden, Mass.: Wiley Blackwell. Useful thematic overview. via UBC

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Guides: Ming Studies

. . . how has the Ming period been approached

  1. Er shi shi ji Zhongguo de Ming shi yan jiu 二十世紀中國的明史研究 [Historical scholarship on the Ming dynasty in twentieth-century China]. 2011. By Xu Hong 徐泓. Taipei: Guo li Taiwan da xue chu ban zhong xin. Thematic chapters on various aspects of Ming studies, with particular focus on Chinese scholarship to the 1970s as well as more recent scholarship in Taiwan. Includes a selected list of research tools. DS753.X824 2011.
  2. Er shi shi ji ming shi yan jiu zong shu 20世纪明史硏究综述 [Overview of historical scholarship on the Ming dynasty in the twentieth century]. 2002. Edited by Zhao Yi 赵毅 and Luan Fan 栾凡. Changchun: Dongbei shi fan da xue chu ban she. A survey of 20th-century scholarship arranged geographically (mainland China, Taiwan/Hong Kong, Japan, and Europe/US) and thematically; includes discussion of primary sources and major secondary scholarship.
  3. Hui huang, qu zhe yu qi shi: 20 shi ji Zhongguo Ming shi yan jiu hui gu 辉煌、曲折与启示: 20世纪中国明史硏究回顾 [Twentieth-century Chinese historical scholarship on the Ming dynasty in retrospect]. 2001. By Nan Bingwen 南炳文. Tianjin: Tianjin ren min chu ban she. A survey of scholarship in China arranged chronologically and thematically. DS753.N36 2001. Note also:
    • Ming shi yan jiu bei lan 明史研究备览 [Handbook for historical research on the Ming dynasty]. 1988. Edited by Li Xiaolin 李小林 and Li Shengwen 李晟文. Tianjin: Tianjin jiao yu chu ban she. "Contains an introduction to 330 primary sources, discussion of research themes and a bibliography of secondary scholarship from the Ming period itself up to 1985 (including scholarship in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, and the West)" (Wilkinson 2000:893). DS753.2.M546 1988
  4. Ming Qing shi yan jiu 明清史研究 [Historical scholarship on the Ming and Qing dynasties]. 2007. By Chao Xiaohong 钞晓鸿. Fuzhou: Fujian ren min chu ban she. Available through 讀秀.
  5. Ming Qing shi 明清史 [Historical scholarship on the Ming and Qing dynasties]. 2004. Edited by Wu Zhihe 吳智和 and Lai Fushun 賴福順. Vol. 5 of Zhan hou Taiwan de li shi xue yan jiu, 1945–2000 戰後臺灣的歷史學研究, 1945–2000, edited by Gao Mingshi 高明士 and others. Taipei: Xing zheng yuan guo jia ke xue wei yuan hui. DS734.97.T28 Z475 2004
  6. Chūgoku rekishi kenkyū nyūmon 中国歴史研究入門 [Introductory guide to research on Chinese history]. 2006. Edited by Tonami Mamoru 礪波護, Kishimoto Mio 岸本美緒, and Sugiyama Masaaki 杉山正明. Nagoya: Nagoya daigaku shuppankai. Chap. 8 covers the Ming. DS735.C5525 2006. Note also:
    • Chūgoku shi kenkyū nyūmon 中国史研究入門 [Introductory guide to research on Chinese history]. 1991–95. Edited by Yamane Yukio 山根幸夫. Rev. and enl. ed. 2 vols. Tokyo: Yamakawa shuppansha. Translated into Chinese by Tian Renlong 田人隆 and others as Zhongguo shi yan jiu ru men 中国史硏究入门 (Beijing: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2000). Surveys modern scholarship (especially Chinese and Japanese) and includes annotations of selected sources. Vol. 1 covers up to the end of the Ming.
    • Zhongguo shi yan jiu zhi nan 中國史研究指南 [Guide to scholarship on Chinese history]. 1990. Edited by Gao Mingshi 高明士. 5 vols. Taipei: Lian jing. Translation of the 1st edition (1983) of Yamane with additonal references to scholarship from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Vol. 4 covers the Ming and Qing periods. DS734.7.C63 1990
  7. Ming History: An Introductory Guide to Research. 1994. Edited by Edward L. Farmer, Romeyn Taylor, and Ann Waltner. Minneapolis: Ming Studies Research Series, History Department, University of Minnesota. A research and document-reading guide to Ming history. PDF available. DS753.F37 1994
  8. Research Manual for Ming History. 1985. Edited by Frederick W. Mote and Howard L. Goodman. 2 vols. Princeton: Chinese Linguistics Project, Princeton University. A case-study approach to Ming history.
  9. The Ming-Qing Conflict, 1619–1683: A Historiography and Source Guide. 1998. By Lynn A. Struve. Ann Arbor, Mich: Association for Asian Studies. PDF available. DS753.2.S77 1998

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Guides: Related

. . . where to begin our study of the broader later imperial period

  1. Song Research Tools. Edited by Hilde De Weerdt. Printed edition published as Song dai yan jiu gong ju shu kan zhi nan (xiu ding ban) 宋代研究工具書刊指南（修訂版）[Guide to research tools for Song studies (revised edition)]. 2008. Edited by Peter K. Bol and Hilde De Weerdt. Guilin: Guangxi shi fan da xue chu ban she.
  2. Song shi yan jiu 宋史研究 [Historical scholarship on the Song dynasty]. 2006. By Zhu Ruixi 朱瑞熙 and Cheng Yu 程郁. Fuzhou: Fujian ren min chu ban she. Note also:
    Er shi shi ji Song shi yan jiu lun zhu mu lu 二十世紀宋史研究论著目录 [Catalog of twentieth-century historical scholarship on the Song dynasty]. 2006. Edited by Fan Jianxin 方建新. Beijing: Beijing tu shu guan chu ban she.
  3. Song Liao Jin Yuan shi 宋遼金元史 [Historical scholarship on the Song, Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties]. 2004. Edited by Han Guihua 韓桂華 and Wang Mingsun 王明蓀. Vol. 4 of Zhan hou Taiwan de li shi xue yan jiu, 1945–2000 戰後臺灣的歷史學研究, 1945–2000, edited by Gao Mingshi 高明士 and others. Taipei: Xing zheng yuan guo jia ke xue wei yuan hui. DS734.97.T28 Z475 2004
  4. Yuan shi yan jiu 元史研究 [Historical scholarship on the Yuan dynasty]. 2006. By Liu Xiao 劉曉. Fuzhou: Fujian ren min chu ban she. Available through 讀秀.
  5. Society for Qing Studies: Research Resources. Updated periodically. Divided into "Chinese Resources," "Japanese Resources," and "China Biographical Database."

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Guides: E-Resources

. . . where to learn more about digital resources

  1. Chinese Studies Resources, Asian Library, UBC.
  2. Research Guide for Chinese Studies, Harvard Library.
  3. Databases and Catalogs, East Asian Library, Princeton University.
  4. Digital Resources 数字资源, National Library of China 中国国家图书馆.
  5. Electronic Databases 人文組線上資料庫, Academia Sinica 中央研究院.
  6. Digital Sinology. "This site aims to promote and publicize the research results of those pursuing the application of digital methods to the field of sinology."

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Scholarship

Scholarship: Overview

. . . what is our state of knowledge

  1. Ming China, 1368–1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire. 2012. By John W. Dardess. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. DS753.D37 2012
  2. The Troubled Empire: China in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. 2010. By Timothy Brook. Cambridge, Mass., and London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. DS752.3.B76 2010
  3. Imperial China 900–1800. 1999. By F. W. Mote. Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press. DS750.64.M67 1999
  4. The Cambridge History of China, vol. 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. 1988. Edited by Frederick W. Mote and Denis Twitchett. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Political history of the Ming. Includes bibliographical notes, bibliography, and glossary-index. PDF available. Part of Cambridge Histories Online.
  5. The Cambridge History of China, vol. 8, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 2. 1998. Edited by Denis Twitchett and Frederick W. Mote. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thematic studies. Includes bibliographical notes, bibliography, and glossary-index. PDF available. Part of Cambridge Histories Online.
  6. The Ming World. 2020. Edited by Kenneth M. Swope. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, 2019. Eclectic thematic chapters. via UBC

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Scholarship: Trends

. . . where has the field been and where is it heading

  1. H-Asia. Part of H-Net.
  2. Newsletters and Annual Meetings of the Association for Asian Studies. Note also related conferences.
  3. Dissertation Reviews. "[F]eatures overviews of recently defended, unpublished doctoral dissertations in a wide variety of disciplines across the Humanities and Social Sciences. Our goal is to offer readers a glimpse of each discipline’s immediate present by focusing on the window of time between dissertation defense and first book publication."
  4. New Books in East Asian Studies. Hosted by Carla Nappi. Witty conversions with scholars of East Asia and their new books.
  5. China Review International. "English-language reviews of recently published China-related books and monographs from China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Europe, the U.S., and elsewhere." via ubc. Note also:
  6. Society for Ming Studies. Publishes Ming Studies and serves as a clearing house for Ming-related information.
  7. James P. Geiss Foundation. Founded in memory of James Geiss (1950–2000) to support the teaching and research of Ming history.
  8. Zhongguo shi yan jiu dong tai 中国史研究动态 [Developments in Chinese historical research]. 1979– (monthly). Published by Zhongguo she hui ke xue yuan li shi suo 中国社会科学院历史研究所. Includes state-of-the-field articles and book reviews. Full-text via China Academic Journals. Note also:
    • Zhongguo li shi xue nian jian 中国历史学年鉴 [Annual survey of Chinese historical studies]. 1979– (current status uncertain). Edited by Zhongguo shi xue hui 中国史学会. Beijing: San lian chu ban she. Includes research trends, conference reports, and bibliographies. DS701.C755 (incomplete).
  9. Zhongguo Ming shi xue hui 中国明史学会 [Society for Ming History] (PRC). Publishes Ming shi yan jiu 明史研究 [Ming Studies Journal]. Note also:
    Bai nian Ming shi lun zhu mu lu 百年明史论著目录 [Bibliography of books and articles on Ming history in the last century]. 2012. Compiled by Zhongguo she hui ke xue yuan li shi suo Ming shi yan jiu shi 中国社会科学院历史硏究所明史硏究室. 2 vols. Hefei: Anhui jiao yu chu ban she. Coverage to 2005. Expanded edition of Zhongguo jin ba shi nian Ming shi lun zhu mu lu 中国近八十年明史论著目录 (1981). ubc
  10. Han xue yan jiu tong xun 漢學研究通訊 [Newsletter for Research in Chinese Studies]. 1982– (quarterly). Published by Center for Chinese Studies 漢學研究中心, National Central Library (Taipei).
  11. Ming Qing yan jiu tui dong wei yuan hui 明清研究推動委員會 [The Committee for Promotion of Ming-Qing Studies], Academia Sinica (Taiwan).
  12. Zhongguo Ming dai yan jiu xue hue 中國明代研究學會 [Society for Ming Studies] (Taiwan). Publishes Ming dai yan jiu 明代研究 [Ming Studies].
  13. Ming shi yan jiu xiao zu 明史研究小組 [Research Group on Ming Studies] (Taiwan). Publishes the periodical Ming shi yan jiu zhuan kan 明史研究專刊 and the Ming shi yan jiu cong kan 明史研究叢刊 series.
  14. Shigaku zasshi 史学雑誌 [Journal of the Historical Society of Japan]. 1889–. Review essays appear annually in the May (no. 5) issue. Review of Japanese studies on Ming and Qing history in the preceding year. D1.S552 Z38. Translations have been carried in Ming Studies and Late Imperial China. Note also:
  15. Riben Zhongguo shi yan jiu nian kan 日本中国史研究年刊. 2008– (annual). Edited by "Riben Zhongguo shi yan jiu nian kan" kan xing hui. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she.
  16. Mindaishi kenkyū bunken mokuroku 明代史研究文献目録 1993–2003 [A classified bibliography of Ming studies, 1993–2003]. 2005. Edited by Yamane Yukio 山根幸夫. Tokyo: Kyūko shoin. Note also 新編 Shinpen Mindaishi kenkyū bunken mokuroku, which includes references to 307 books and 5,000 articles published in Japanese from the end of the 19th century to 1992 as well as 269 articles and 6 books published in Korean. The original 1960 edition (Z3108.A35 Y3) includes Chinese but not Korean scholarship.
  17. Society for Ming-Qing Historical Studies 명청사학회 明淸史學會 (Korea). Publishes Myŏng-Chʻŏng-sa yŏnʾgu 명청사연구 明淸史硏究 [Journal of Ming and Qing historical studies].

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Scholarship: Periodicals

. . . what are some of the specialized periodicals

  1. Ming Studies. Society for Ming Studies. 1975– (semi-annual). via ubc
  2. Late Imperial China. Society for Qing Studies. 1985– (semi-annual). via ubc
  3. Ming shi yan jiu 明史研究 [Ming Studies Journal]. Zhongguo Ming shi xue hui 中国明史学会 (PRC). 1991– (irregular). Full-text via China Academic Journal (incomplete).
  4. Ming shi yan jiu lun cong 明史研究论丛 [Collected studies on Ming history]. Zhongguo she hui ke xue yuan li shi yan jiu suo Ming shi yan jiu shi 中国社会科学院历史研究所明史研究室 (PRC). 1982– (irregular). Full-text via China Academic Journal (incomplete). DS753.M597
  5. Ming Qing lun cong 明清论丛 [Collected studies on the Ming and Qing dynasties]. Gu gong bo wu yuan 故宮博物院 (PRC) and Beijing da xue 北京大学. 1999– (annual). Full-text via China Academic Journal (incomplete). DS753.M5396
  6. Ming dai yan jiu 明代研究 [Ming Studies]. Zhongguo Ming dai yan jiu xue hue 中國明代研究學會 (Taiwan). 1998– (annual). Some full-text. Formerly Ming dai yan jiu tong xun 明代硏究通訊.
  7. Ming shi yan jiu zhuan kan 明史研究專刊 [Journal of Ming Studies]. Ming shi yan jiu xiao zu 明史研究小組 (Taiwan). 1978– (irregular). DS750.52 M557 (incomplete)
  8. Ming Qing shi ji kan 明清史集刊 [Bulletin of Ming-Qing Studies]. Department of Chinese, University of Hong Kong. 1985- (irregular).
  9. Mindaishi kenkyū 明代史研究 [Studies on Ming history]. 1974–2005 (annual). Mindaishi kenkyūkai 明代史研究会 (Japan). Especially useful for its review of scholarship (including Chinese and Korean). With the passing of Professor Yamane Yukio, this most useful publication has, unfortunately, come to the end of its life cycle. DS753.M536
  10. Myŏng-Chʻŏng-sa yŏnʾgu 明淸史硏究 [Journal of Ming and Qing historical studies]. Society for Ming-Qing Historical Studies 명청사학회 明淸史學會 (Korea). 1992– (semi-annual). See table of contents (in Chinese) for nos. 1-22. Full-text via ubc. [...]

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Scholarship: Chinese

. . . how to locate Chinese-language scholarship

  1. WorldCat (members). Could limit search to only Chinese-language materials. Searchable with Firefox plug-in.
  2. Duxiu Knowledge Search Database 读秀中文学术搜索. "[P]rovides access to more than 3 million Chinese bibliographic entries and 2 million full text scholarly resources in all subjects and formats, such as books, journal articles, conference papers and video clips. Duxiu covers Chinese publications from the early the 1930s to the present." Partial full-text via ubc. Note also:
    • Chinamaxx Digital Library 中文电子书集献. "Chinese e-books covering a variety of subject areas, with a powerful search engine." Partial full-text via ubc.
  3. National Library of China 中国国家图书馆. Databases include 电子图书, 全文期刊, 电子报纸, 学位/会议论文, 索引/文摘, 工具类, etc., of which some are freely accessible.
  4. National Center for Philosophy and Social Sciences Documentation 国家哲学社会科学文献中心 (info). Index to articles from core journals from 1954 to the present. Recommended.
  5. China Academic Journals 中國期刊全文數據庫 (titles). 9,800+ journals starting from 1915. Full-text via ubc. Note also:
  6. China Online Journals 万方数据学术期刊. 1998–. 7,500+ journals. Full-text via ubc.
  7. Fu yin bao kan zi liao 复印资料全文数据库 [Database of periodical literature]. (Information Center for Social Sciences, Renmin University 中国人民大学书报资料中心. 1978–. Selected periodical literature published in the PRC. Divided into subjects 期刊. For the Ming, note the subject "K24 明清史." Full-text through National Library of China or with subscription.
  8. Quan guo bao kan suo yin shu ju ku 全国报刊索引数据库 [National Index to Chinese Newspapers and Periodicals]. Shanghai Library 上海图书馆. Databases include 晚清期刊全文数据库 (1833–1911) and 民国时期期刊全文数据库 (1911–1949) (full-text via UBC). Partial full-text access via ubc.
  9. China Core Newspapers Full-text Database 中國重要報紙全文數據庫 (titles). 2000–. "[C]ollects academic articles published in about 500 important newspapers in China." Full-text via ubc.
  10. Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System 臺灣期刊論文索引系統 (titles). Part of National Central Library Periodical Literature 臺灣國家圖書館期刊文獻資訊網. 1998–. Index to periodicals published in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau. Note also:
  11. Airiti Library 華藝線上圖書館. "Airiti Library is the only aggregator for scholarly contents including academic journals, dissertations, and conference proceedings published in Taiwan and Mainland China. Full-text with subscription.
  12. HyRead 台灣全文資料庫. Full-text with subscription.
  13. Hong Kong Macau Periodicals Network 港澳期刊網 (titles). Index to Chinese and Chinese-English periodicals published in Hong Kong and Macau. Note also:
    • Hong Kong Journals Online. "A full-text image database providing access to selected academic and professional journals, both in English and Chinese, published in Hong Kong."
  14. Bai nian Ming shi lun zhu mu lu 百年明史论著目录 [Bibliography of books and articles on Ming history in the last century]. 2012. Compiled by Zhongguo she hui ke xue yuan li shi suo Ming shi yan jiu shi 中国社会科学院历史硏究所明史硏究室. 2 vols. Hefei: Anhui jiao yu chu ban she. Coverage to 2005. Expanded edition of Zhongguo jin ba shi nian Ming shi lun zhu mu lu 中国近八十年明史论著目录 (1981). ubc
  15. East Asian Gateway Service. East Asian Library, University of Pittsburgh. "The EAGS delivers Chinese documents to any individual researchers for research and teaching purpose or non-profit organizations who cannot find the needed item in any U.S. libraries."
See also:
#Guides: Ming Studies
#Guides: Trends

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Scholarship: Japanese

. . . how to locate Japanese-language scholarship

  1. WorldCat (members). Could limit search to only Japanese-language materials. Searchable with Firefox plug-in.
  2. National Diet Library 国立国会図書館 (info). Databases include titles for both books and journal articles.
  3. CiNii Articles (info). National Institute of Informatics 国立情報学研究所. Index to Japanese periodicals and scholarly publications dating back to 1957. Includes Zasshi kiji sakuin 雑誌記事索引 [Index to periodicals] (titles) compiled by NDL. Some full-text. via ubc. Note also:
    • CiNii Books (info). Union catalog of books and journals held in university libraries in Japan.
    • Webcat Plus. National Institute of Informatics. Not as comprehensive as NDL or CiNii Books but has more flexible search options. Some tables of contents.
  4. Tōyōgaku kenkyū bunken ruimoku 東洋学研究文献類目 [Annual Bibliography of Oriental Studies]. Center for Informatics in East Asian Studies, Institute for Research in Humanities, Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University 京都大學人文科學研究所東アジア人文情報学研究センター. Version 7 (1934–80, 2001–) and Version 6 (1981–2000 | plug-in). Index to journal articles and monographs on East Asia in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Western languages. Z3001.K85. Note also:
  5. Chūgoku kankei ronsetsu shiryō 中国関係論説資料 [Collected articles on China]. Ronsetsu shiryō hozonkai 論說資料保存会 (Tokyo; info). 1964–. Reprint of selected journal articles on China. Index 索引 available. DS703.5.C45.
  6. Shigaku zasshi 史学雑誌 [Journal of the Historical Society of Japan]. 1889–. Review essays appear annually in the May (no. 5) issue. Review of Japanese studies on Ming and Qing history in the preceding year. D1.S552 Z38. Translations have been carried in Ming Studies and Late Imperial China. Note also:
  7. Riben Zhongguo shi yan jiu nian kan 日本中国史研究年刊. 2008– (annual). Edited by "Riben Zhongguo shi yan jiu nian kan" kan xing hui 日本中国史研究年刊刊行会. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she.
See also:
#Guides: Ming Studies
#Scholarship: Trends

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Scholarship: Western

. . . how to locate Western-language scholarship

  1. WorldCat (members). Searchable with Firefox plug-in.
  2. Google Scholar. via ubc
  3. Bibliography of Asian Studies. 1971–. Updated monthly. Includes monographs (up to 1992), journal articles, and chapters in edited volumes. via ubc
  4. Historical Abstracts (titles). Index to historical literature covering the period 1450 to the present. Full-text via ubc.
  5. JSTOR Collection. "The JSTOR digital archive includes more than 1,500 leading academic journals in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences, as well as select monographs and other materials valuable for academic work." Full-text via ubc.
  6. Project Muse. "Project Muse is a joint project of the Johns Hopkins University Press and the Milton S. Eisenhower Library at JHU, providing online access to a comprehensive selection of prestigious humanities and social sciences journals." Full-text via ubc.
  7. Academic Search Complete (titles). "A multi-disciplinary full-text database, with more than 5,500 full-text periodicals, including more than 4,600 peer-reviewed journals." Full-text via ubc.
  8. Web of Science. Includes the Social Sciences Citation Index and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index. Search not intuitive (see help) but may include items not found in other databases. Full-text via ubc.
  9. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Includes The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Christian Science Monitor, and The Wall Street Journal. Full text via ubc.
  10. LexisNexis Academic (titles). Covers over 15,000 news sources, including English-language materials from China. Full-text via ubc.
  11. China Bibliography: The Ming Dynasty. By Marilyn Shea. Especially useful for students.
See also:
Research Guides: History (UBC Library)
#Guides: Ming Studies
#Scholarship: Trends

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Scholarship: Theses

. . . where to locate theses

  1. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. "Includes nearly 3 million citations to dissertations and theses from 1861 to the present and over 1 million full-text dissertations available for downloading. International coverage but with North American emphasis." Full-text via ubc. Note also:
  2. China Doctoral Dissertations Full-Text Database 中國博士學位論文全文數據庫. Provides access to doctoral dissertations and theses from more than 400 institutions in China. Full-text via ubc.
  3. China Master's Theses Full-Text Database 中國優秀碩士學位論文全文數據庫据库. Provides access to master theses from more than 600 institutions in China. Full-text via ubc.
  4. Dissertations of China 万方学位论文. "Abstracts and other descriptive information of Masters, Doctoral, and Post-doctoral dissertations and theses from key Chinese academic institutions from 1986 onward." via ubc
  5. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan 臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統. "A bibliographic database of master and doctoral dissertations theses in Taiwan."
  6. Dissertations and Theses Collection 香港博碩士論文. "[A]n online union collection of Hong Kong and Macau postgraduate students’ doctoral and master dissertations and theses indexed in the library catalogues or institutional repositories of eight Hong Kong and Macau universities."
  7. Foreign Sinologists Dissertation Database 典藏國際漢學博士論文摘要資料庫. Maintained by the Center for Chinese Studies 漢學研究中心, National Central Library (Taiwan). "Provides access to the abstracts of about 9,000 Chinese Studies dissertations from universities in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and the Netherlands."

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Scholarship: Libraries

. . . where to locate secondary sources

  1. WorldCat (members). Searchable with plug-in.
  2. Library of Congress
  3. Harvard University Library
  4. Princeton University Library
  5. University of British Columbia
  6. National Library of China 中国国家图书馆
  7. Shanghai Library 上海图书馆
  8. National Bibliographic Information Network 全國圖書書目資訊網. Union catalog of public and academic libraries in Taiwan (list), including the National Central Library 國家圖書館 and the libraries of Academia Sinica 中央研究院.
  9. Hong Kong Academic Library Link 香港高校圖書聯網. Union catalog of academic libraries in Hong Kong.
  10. National Diet Library 国立国会図書館 (info).
  11. CiNii (info). National Institute of Informatics 国立情報学研究所.

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Sources

Sources: Guides

. . . to the variety of sources available

  1. Annotated Sources of Ming History, Including Southern Ming and Works on Neighbouring Lands, 1368–1661 增訂明代史籍彙考. 2011. By Wolfgang Franke and Foon Ming Liew-Herres. Rev. and enl. ed. 2 vols. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press. Note also:
  2. The Ming-Qing Conflict, 1619–1683: A Historiography and Source Guide. 1998. By Lynn A. Struve. Ann Arbor, Mich: Association for Asian Studies. PDF available. DS753.2.S77 1998
For Song-dynasty sources, see:

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Sources: Catalogs

. . . of traditional private and official collections

  1. Zhonghua gu ji shu mu shu ju ku 中華古籍書目數據庫.
  2. Si ku xi lie cong shu zong he suo yin 四庫系列叢書綜合索引.
  3. Jun zhai du shu zhi jiao zheng 郡齋讀書志校證. 2011[1990]. By Chao Gongwu 晁公武 (fl. 12th century). Edited by Sun Meng 孫猛. Indexed by Wang Lixiang 王立翔. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she. Z3102.S75 1990. Full-text/facsimile available through ctext.org.
  4. Zhizhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題. 1987. By Chen Zhensun 陳振孫 (fl. 1211–1249). Punctuated and edited by Xu Xiaoman 徐小蠻 and Gu Meihua 顧美華. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she. Z3102.C442 1987. Full-text/facsimile available through Scripta Sinica and ctext.org.
  5. Yuan Xihu shu yuan zhong zheng shu mu 元西湖書院重整書目. Compiled by Hu Shian 胡師安 (fl. Yuan dynasty) and others. Collected in Cong shu ji cheng xu bian 叢書集成續編 (via CADAL). Also in Puban collection.
  6. Wen xian tong kao jing ji kao 文獻通考·經籍考. 1985. By Ma Duanlin 馬端臨 (ca. 1254–1323). Punctuated and edited by Hua dong shi da gu ji yan jiu suo 華東師大古籍硏究所. Shanghai: Hua dong shi fan da xue chu ban she. Z3102.M3 1985. Full-text/facsimile available through Scripta Sinica and ctext.org.
  7. Xin bian Tian yi ge shu mu 新編天一閣書目. Edited by Luo Zhaoping 駱兆平. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 1996. Z997.F19L66 1996
  8. Qian qing tang shu mu: fu suo yin 千頃堂書目：附索引 [Catalog of the Hall of One Thousand Acres (with index)]. 2001. By Huang Yuji 黃虞稷 (1629–91). Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she. Z3109.H83 1990 (1990 edition). Full-text/facsimile available through ctext.org. Note also:
    • Senkeidō shomoku choshamei sakuin 千頃堂書目著者名索引 [index to authors in Qian qing tang shu mu]. 1996. Compiled by Mindaishi kenkyū iinkai. Tokyo: Tōyō bunko.
  9. Tie qin tong jian lou cang shu mu lu 鐵琴銅劍樓藏書目錄. [2002]. By Qu Yong 瞿鏞 (d. 1846). In Xu xiu Si ku quan shu 續修四庫全書 (史部目錄類), vol. 926. AC149.S732 1995. Full-text/facsimile available through ctext.org.
  10. Ding bu Hai yuan ge shu mu wu zhong 訂補海源閣書目五種. By Yang Shaohe 楊紹和 (1832–75) and Yang Baoyi 楊保彝. Edited by Wang Shaozeng 王紹曾 and Cui Guoguang 崔國光. 2 vols. Jinan: Qi Lu shu she. Z997.Y369 D56 2002. Includes:
    • Ying shu yu lu 楹書隅錄.
    • Ying shu yu lu xu bian 楹書隅錄續編
    • Hai yuan ge shu mu 海源閣書目
    • Hai yuan ge shu mu 海源閣書目. By Yang Baoyi
    • Ying shu yu lu bu yi 楹書隅錄補遺. By Cui Guoguang
  11. Bi song lou cang shu zhi (xu zhi) 皕宋樓藏書志、續志. 1882. By Lu Xinyuan 陸心源 (1834–94). In Xu xiu Si ku quan shu 續修四庫全書 (史部目錄類), vols. 928–29. AC149.S732 1995
  12. Shan ben shu shi cang shu zhi 善本書室藏書志. By Ding Bing 丁丙 (1832–99). In Xu xiu Si ku quan shu 續修四庫全書 (史部目錄類), vol. 927. AC149.S732 1995. Note also:
  13. Cangyuan qun shu ti ji (chu ji, xu ji) 藏園群書題記（初集、續集）. 1989. By Fu Zengxiang 傅增湘 (1872–1949). Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she. PL2264.F795 1967 (1967 edition). Facsimile available through CADAL.
For studies of book-collecting and book collections, see:

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Sources: Catalogs (Compilations)

  1. Hai wang cun gu ji shu mu ti ba cong kan 海王邨古籍書目題跋叢刊. 2008. 8 vols. Compiled by Zhongguo shu dian 中國書店. Beijing: Zhongguo shu dian.
  • Song Yuan Ming Qing shu mu ti ba cong kan 宋元明清書目題跋叢刊 [Collection of book catalogs from the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing periods]. 2006. Edited by Zhonghua shu ju bian ji bu 中華書局編輯部. 19 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju. 95 titles (47 for the Ming). UBC
  • Zhongguo zhu ming cang shu jia shu mu hui kan 中國著名藏書家書目匯刊. 2005. Edited by Lin Xi 林夕. 70 vols. Beijing: Shang wu yin shu guan. Divided into Ming–Qing (30 vols., but includes also one Song-dynasty catalog) and Modern (40 vols.) sections. 158 titles, about half of which published for the first time. An index of titles is supposed to be available.
  • Ming dai shu mu ti ba cong kan 明代書目題跋叢刊 [Collection of prefaces and colophons from Ming-dynasty book catalogs]. 1994. Edited by Feng Huimin 馮惠民 and Li Wanjian 李萬健. 2 vols. Beijing: Shu mu wen xian chu ban she. 30 titles. Z3101.M56 1994
  • Qing dai si jia cang shu mu lu ti ba cong kan 清代私家藏書目錄題跋叢刊 [Catalogs of private book collections of the Qing dynasty]. 2010. 18 vols. Edited by Li Wanjia 李萬健 and Deng Yongqiu 鄧詠秋. Beijing: Guo jia tu shu guan chu ban she. 58 titles.

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Sources: Epigraphical Sources

  • Beijing tu shu guan cang Zhongguo li dai shi ke ta ben hui bian 北京圖書館藏中國歷代石刻拓本匯编 [Collection of historical stone rubbings held at the Beijing [National] Library]. 1989–91. Edited by Beijing tu shu guan jin shi zu 北京圖書館金石組. 101 volumes (incl. indexes). Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou gu ji chu ban she. Includes 20,000+ rubbings (2,000 from the Ming). PL2448 .P454 1989
  • Shi ke shi liao xin bian 石刻史料新編 [New collections of historical stone inscriptions]. 1982[1977]–2006. Edited by Xin wen feng chu ban gong si bian ji bu 新文豐出版公司編輯部. 4 series. 100 vols. Taipei: Xin wen feng. PL2448 .S55 1982. [...]

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Sources: Library Catalogs

. . . finding out where works are held

  • Historical Book Catalogue of China 中國歷代典籍總目. By the National Library of China and Peking University. Includes over 2 million classical Chinese texts. Multiple options for search and analysis. Information on library holdings is not necessarily complete. Download English or Chinese guide.
  • Zhongguo gu ji zong mu 中國古籍總目 [Complete catalog of classical Chinese texts]. 2009–2012. Compiled by Zhongguo gu ji zong mu bian zuan wei yuan hui 中國古籍總目編纂委員會編. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju; Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she. Divided into 經部 (2 vols.), 史部 (8 vols.), 子部 (7 vols.), 集部 (7 vols.), and 叢書部 (2 vols.).
  • UK Union Catalog of Chinese Books. Incorporates records from the British Library, Cambridge, Durham, Edinburgh, Leeds, Oxford, and SOAS. Searchable with the original script.
  • EVOCS (European Virtual OPAC for Chinese Studies). Union catalog of major Chinese collections in Europe. [...]

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Sources: E-texts

. . . locating electronic versions of historical texts/documents

Full-Text
  1. CrossAsia Integrated Text Repository (ITR). Part of CrossAsia. Hosted by Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Searches a range of databases in Asian and Western languages. Access to full texts depends on subscription. Notable databases (from Diaolong 雕龍 unless otherwise stated) include:
  2. Scripta Sinica 漢籍全文資料庫. Maintained by the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 中央研究院歷史語言研究所. "More than 1,349 titles（new titles）and 754,200,198 characters of materials pertaining to the traditional Chinese classics have been included in the database and have been categorized with meticulous care. The Scripta Sinica database contains almost all of the important Chinese classics, especially those related to Chinese history. In the future, we will continue with the digitalization of more historical materials, and add new features to the system. We hope to provide scholars, students, and the general public with an excellent full-text database and search engine for the study of Chinese history and culture." Authoritative. via UBC. Note also:
    • Grand Secretariat Archives 內閣大庫檔案. "There are over four thousand Ming (1368–1644) documents and more than three hundred thousand volumes of Ch’ing (1644–1911) archival materials in this collection, including imperial decrees, edicts, memorials, tribute document, examination questions, examination papers, rosters of successful examination candidates, documents from the offices of the Grand Secretariat, documents from the offices for book compilation, and old documents from Mukden. Memorials make up the bulk of these documents." via UBC.
  3. Chinese Classics Database 中國基本古籍庫. Beijing Erudition Digital Technology Research Center 北京爱如生数字化技术研究中心. 10,000 titles (15,000 editions) from pre-Qin to the Republican period. Full-text and facsimiles. Indispensable. via UBC.
  4. Chinese Classic Ancient Books 中華經典古籍庫. To date (May 2021) eight series totalling 3,958 titles. The first three series comprise titles of traditional Chinese texts published by the highly-regarded Zhonghua shu ju, while the rest includes titles from other reputable publishers. via UBC.
  5. Kanseki Repository 漢籍リポジトリ. Compiled by Christian Wittern. 9,000+ titles, including items from 四部叢刊 and 四庫全書. Full-text and facsimiles. See Catalog, but also see limitations. Valuable but use with caution.
  6. Diaolong full-text databases of Chinese and Japanese ancient books 雕龍中日古籍全文資料庫. Excellent.
    • 永樂大典
    • 古今圖書集成
    • 四庫全書
    • 全四庫存目
    • 四庫未收書
    • 四庫禁毀書
    • 續修四庫全書
    • 清代史料
    • 清代科舉硃卷
    • 四部叢刊
    • 續四部叢刊 (四部備要）
    • 中國地方志
    • 中國地方志續集
    • 中國民間文學
    • 六府文藏
    • 日本古典書籍庫
    • 道藏
    • 道藏輯要
    • 敦煌史料
    • 醫家庫
  1. Chinese Text Project 中國哲學書電子化計劃. Maintained by Donald Sturgeon. "The goal of this site is to present accurate and accessible copies of ancient (in particular pre-Qin and Han dynasty) Chinese texts in an organized and searchable format, and to make the best possible use of modern technology to aid in the study and research of these texts, so making them accessible to the widest possible audience." Includes a much wider range of texts than it is claimed (just search under "Library"). Highly recommended.
  2. Wen yuan ge Si ku quan shu (dian zi ban) 文淵閣四庫全書（電子版）. See table of contents. via UBC.
  3. CHANT (CHinese ANcient Texts) 漢達文庫. D. C. Lau Research Centre for Chinese Ancient Texts 中國古籍研究中心, Chinese University of Hong Kong. Includes excavated and received texts to the sixth century, as well as encyclopedias (lei shu 類書) from the Tang to the Qing dynasties.
  4. Guo xue bao dian 國學寶典 (info | table of contents). Collection of some 5,000 classical works. Divided into 經部, 史部,子部, 集部, 小說, and 其他.
  5. Erudition 愛如生數據庫. Includes:
  6. Dai zhi ge cang shu 殆知阁藏书 (info). Full-text searchable. Simplified Chinese only. Divided into 易藏, 儒藏, 道藏, 佛藏, 子藏, 史藏, 诗藏, 集藏, 医藏, 艺藏, and 诗词. Editions not clearly indicated but still useful especially for its search function.
  7. Wikisource 維基文庫. Full-text searchable. Use with caution, especially because of the frequent errors introduced by the conversion of simplified characters.
Facsimile
  1. Harvard Library. An ever-expanding collection of rare (and not-so-rare) texts has been scanned and made freely available. Highly recommended.
  2. Internet Archive. Eclectic collection but well worth a search.
  3. China Academic Digital Associative Library (CADAL) 大學數字圖書館. Maintained by Zhejiang University 浙江大學. Need to search with both simplified and traditional Chinese. Includes titles from 文淵閣四庫全書、摛藻堂四庫全書薈要、續修四庫全書, as well as from the Republican period. via UBC.
  4. HathiTrust Digital Library. Eclectic collection but worth a search.
  5. アジア古籍電子図書館. Maintained by the Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, University of Tokyo 東京大學東洋文化研究所. Includes:
  6. 京都大學漢籍古籍全文圖像資料庫
  7. Chinamaxx via UBC
  8. duxiu via UBC
  9. Ming-Qing Women's Writings Database 明清婦女著作數據庫
  10. Princeton Ming Qing medical texts [...]

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Sources: Translations

. . . where to find translations of Ming sources (not including fiction and plays) [. . .]

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Tools

Tools: Dictionaries

. . . where to look up Chinese characters

  1. Han yu da zi dian 漢語大字典 [Comprehensive dictionary of Chinese characters]. 2010. Edited by Han yu da zi dian bian ji wei yuan hui 漢語大字典編輯委員會. 9 vols. 2nd ed. Chengdu: Sichuan ci shu chu ban she; Wuhan: Chong wen shu ju. Includes 60,370 characters. PL1420.H3492 2010. Note also:
    • Wang Li gu Han yu zi dian 王力古漢語字典 [Wang Li's dictionary of ancient Chinese characters]. 2000. Compiled by Wang Li 王力 (1900–1986) et al. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju. Includes 10,000+ characters. Authoritative and convenient one-volume dictionary. PL1485 .W28 2000
  2. Han yu da ci dian 漢語大詞典 [Comprehensive dictionary of Chinese]. 2001. Edited by Luo Zhufeng 罗竹风 et al. 13+1 vols. 2nd ed. Shanghai: Han yu da ci dian chu ban she. Encyclopedic with 370,000+ entries. Should still use in conjunction with other dictionaries. Note also (with caution): CD-ROM edition; online edition. PL1420 .H349
  3. Han dian 漢典 [Dictionary of Chinese]. Convenient multi-purpose online dictionaries. Sources of data not always clear. Include classical usages, brief English translations, as well as explanations from Shuo wen jie zi 說文解字 and Kangxi zi dian 康熙字典.
  4. Dai Kan-Wa jiten 大漢和辞典 [Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary]. 1994–96. Edited by Morohashi Tetsuji 諸橋轍次 (1883–1982) and others. 2nd ed. Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten. 50,000+ head characters; note also index 語彙索引 and supplementary 補卷 volumes. PL681.C5 M6 1994
  5. Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants 異體字字典. National Languages Committee, Ministry of Education (ROC) 中華民國教育部國語推行委員會. Note also new beta version.
  6. Unihan Database. Maintained by John Jenkins. Provides image maps of the "unified Han" subset of the Unicode standard. Searchable by radical-stroke, definition, or one of six phonetic options: Cantonese, Mandarin, Tang, Sino-Japanese, native Japanese, and Sino-Korean. Provides dictionary definitions, indices to authoritative dictionaries (Kangxi, Morohashi, Dae Jaweon, "Han yu da zi dian", Nelson, Matthews, and Meyer-Wempe), and extensive encoding information.
  7. Chinese-English Dictionary Online. Brill. Compiled by Paul W. Kroll and others. Includes 8,330 individual characters and covers the period from ca. 500 BCE to 1000 CE.
  8. Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage 林語堂《當代漢英詞典》. Chinese University Press (Hong Kong). "[B]ased on the first edition of the work . . . published in 1972 by the Chinese University Press. The dictionary comprises a total of 8,169 head characters, together with 44,407 explanatory entries of grammatical usage and 40,379 entries of Chinese words or phrases."
  9. Mathews' Chinese-English Dictionary. 1943. By Robert H. Mathews. Revised American edition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. As with all Chinese-English dictionaries, use with caution. PL1455.M34 1963
  10. Le Grand Ricci (Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise) 利氏漢法辭典. 2001. Developed by the Ricci Institutes of Paris and Taipei through the Ricci Association). Paris: Desclée De Brouwer. Chinese-French dictionary. "Le Grand Ricci is to all purposes the most comprehensive bilingual dictionary of Chinese in the Western world." Online edition available through subscription.
  11. Song Yuan Ming shi yu hui shi 宋元明市语汇释 [Dictionary of urban slang in the Song, Yuan, and Ming periods]. 2008. By Wang Ying 王鍈. Rev. ed. Beijing : Zhonghua shu ju. PL1952 .W36 1997
  12. Yuan Ming Qing wen xue fang yan su yu ci dian 元明清文学方言俗语辞典 [Dictionary of regional vernacular language of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing periods]. 1998. Edited by Yue Guojun 岳国钧 et al. Guiyang: Guizhou ren min chu ban she. PL2504 .Y785 1998
  13. Ming dai Han yu xin ci yu yan jiu 明代汉语新词语研究 [New Chinese vocabulary in the Ming dynasty]. 2013. By Luo Guoqiang 罗国强. Changsha: Hunan ren min chu ban she. Note also:
  14. Chinese: Word Lists and Dictionaries. Compiled by Marjorie. K. M. Chan. Updated periodically.

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Tools: People

. . . where to learn more about historical figures

  1. China Biographical Database Project 中國歷代人物傳記資料庫. Developed by Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies (Harvard University), Institute of History and Philology (Academia Sinica), and Center for Research on Ancient Chinese History (Peking University). "The long term goal of CBDB is systematically to include all significant biographical material from China’s historical record and to make the contents available free of charge, without restriction, for academic use."
  2. Zhongguo ren ming yi cheng da ci dian 中国人名异称大辞典 [Dictionary of alternative names of Chinese people]. 2002. 2 vols. Edited by Shang Hengyuan 尚恒元 and Sun Anbang 孙安邦. Taiyuan: Shanxi ren min chu ban she. Extensive but includes only the most common alternative names of the biographical subjects. CS2990 .Z465 2002. Note also:
  3. Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644. 1976. 2 vols. Edited by L. Carrington Goodrich and Chaoying Fang. New York and London: Columbia University Press. Authoritative. Includes indexes to names, books, and subjects. For a chronological listing, see Daniel Bryant, "A DMB Chronology," Ming Studies 8 (1979): 27–40. DS753.5 .A84 1976.
  4. Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. 1943–44. 2 vols. Edited by Arthur W. Hummel. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Includes some Ming-dynasty figures not featured in DMB. Partial availability through ECCP for the Web and a stand-alone ECCP Reader. DS734.U65
  5. Er shi wu shi ren ming da ci dian 二十五史人名大辞典. 1997. 2 vols. Edited by Huang Huixian. Zhengzhou: Zhong zhou gu ji chu ban she. Arranged by dynasty and searchable by stroke-count and stroke-order of simplified characters. A more convenient alternative is to search the twenty-five official histories through Scripta Sinica. See also Ming shi ren ming suo yin. 1985. 2 vols. Edited by Li Yumin. Beijing: Zhong hua shu ju.
  6. Ming dai zhuan ji cong kan suo yin 明代傳記叢刊索引 (Index to biographical collections of the Ming dynasty). 1991. 3 vols. Edited by Zhou Junfu. Taipei: Ming wen shu ju. index to Ming dai zhuan ji cong kan , "a collection of 62 separate Ming biographical collections reprinted under Zhou's editorship in 1991 in 160 vols." (Wilkinson 49.5.2).
  7. Ba shi jiu zhong Ming dai zhuan ji zong he yin de 八十九種明代傳記綜合引得 (Combined indices to eighty-nine Ming-dynasty biographical collections).
  8. Ming ren zhuan ji zi liao suo yin 明人傳記資料索引 (Index to biographical materials of Ming-dynasty persons). 1965. Reprint 1978. 2 vols. Compiled by Chang Bide et al. Taibei: Zhong yang tu shu guan; reprint 1987, 1 vol. Beijing: Zhong hua shu ju.
  9. Ming dai di fang zhi zhuan ji suo yin 明代地方志傳記索引. 1986. 2 vols. Taibei: Da hua shu ju. Indexes to collections in Taiwan and Japan.
  10. Tianyige cang Ming dai fang zhi xuan kan: ren wu zi liao ren ming suo yin 天一閣藏明代方志選刊：人物資料人名索引. 1997. 2 vols. Edited by Hua dong shi fan da xue tu shu guan. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she.
  11. Ming Qing jin shi ti ming bei lu suo yin 明清進士題名碑錄索引. 1980. 3 vols. Edited by Zhu Baojiong and Xie Peilin. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she.
  12. Gu jin tu shu ji cheng zhong Ming ren zhuan ji suo yin 古今圖書集成中明人傳記索引 (Index of biographies of the Ming period in Gu jin tu shu ji cheng).1963. Edited by Zhang Qun 章羣. Hong Kong: Ming dai zhuan ji bian zuan wei yuan hui.

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Tools: Place

. . . where to learn more about historical places

  1. China Historical GIS. Harvard-Yenching Institute . Useful datasets and tools.
  2. Zhongguo li shi di tu ji 中国历史地图集.1982. 8 vols. Edited by Tan Qixiang et al. Shanghai: Di tu chu ban she; traditional-character ed., 1987. Hong Kong: San lian shu dian.
  3. Zhonghua renmin gongheguo di ming da ci dian 中华人民共和国地名大词典 (Comprehensive dictionary of place-names of the People's Republic of China). 1998–2000. 3 vols. Edited by Cui Naifu et al. Beijing: Shang wu yinshuguan. Exceptional detailed descriptions with historical references.
  4. Zhongguo di fang zhi zong mu ti yao (Chinese local histories: a collection of 8577 annotated titles). 1996. 3 vols. Edited by Jin Enhui and Hu Shuzhao. Taipei, New York, and Los Angeles: Sino-American Publishing Co.
  5. Xu Xiake you ji 徐霞客遊記 (The travel diaries of Xu Xiake). 1987. 2 vols. Enlarged and revised edition. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she. See also Xu Xiake you ji ren ming di ming suo yin 徐霞客遊記人名地名索引 (Index to personal and place names in Xu Xiake you ji). 1993.Compiled by Feng Junian and Xiao Qi. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she; Xu Xiake (1587-1641): The Art of Travel Writing. 2001. By Julian Ward. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Curzon Press.

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Tools: Time & Institutions

. . . where to look up Chinese time

  1. Chinese-Gregorian Calendar Converter 兩千年中西曆轉換 (Academia Sinica).
  2. A Synchronic Chinese-Western Daily Calendar 1341–1661 A.D. 明代中西日曆對照表. 1984. Revised 1985. By Keith Hazelton. Minneapolis: Ming Studies Research Series, History Department, University of Minnesota. PDF available. CE37.H394 1984

. . . where to learn more about official institutions

  1. A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. 1985. By Charles O. Hucker. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Essential. DS740.2.H84 1985
  2. 明代職官中英辭典 Chinese-English Dictionary of Ming Government Official Titles. 2018. Compiled by Ying Zhang, Susan Xue, Zhaohui Xue, and Li Ni. "This bilingual dictionary is developed through a crowd-translation project that was funded by CEAL-Mellon. This is the first edition. The project team would encourage scholars to use it and to send us revision suggestions, if any. We will update the dictionary based upon your suggestions."
  3. Ming du fu nian biao 明督撫年表. 1982. 2 vols. By Wu Tingxie 吳廷燮. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju. DS753.2.W875 1982

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