Course:VANT151/2025/Capstone/APSC/Team2

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Welcome

Welcome to the Wiki page of Team 2 for VANT 151-Summer2025. Our team has 11 members and it is divided into 5 Subteams: Documentation, coding, structural, mechanical and electrical. Each of this teams is dedicated to work in different engineering disciplines.

The goal of this project is to design and build a functional Electric Vehicle with different features as an steering wheel, remote control, an HVAC and lights system. This project integrates much of the knowledge acquired during the first year of the program, while helping students gain experience in projects involving engineering design and problem-solving.

This wiki page is dedicated to register the progress of this project and the contributions made by each sub-team, as well as the final result shown during the Capstone Conference.

Team Requirements

Functions

The basic actions and features that this vehicle must comply:

• The vehicle should carry at least one passenger.
• The vehicle shall be operated remotely by a control.
• The vehicle shall stop and continue depending on the signal.
• The steering system should be reliable to move right or left.
• The structure should allow air to flow in a way that does not make the driver uncomfortable.
• The lighting system must allow the user to see the road safely.

Objectives

The ideas planned to be implemented for this vehicle to be as efficient as possible:

• The velocity should be maximized depending on the users energy.
• The battery should last as long as possible.
• The remote control signal distance must be long.
• The vehicle must be comfortable enough for the driver to use it for long periods of time.

Constraints

The limitations given while building this vehicle:

• Power can not be higher than 9.6 VDC
• The current used should be under 2.8V due to the battery pack's limitations.
• The electric energy level that can be used by the system is limited due to overheating.
• It should be powered by electricity
• Turning radius must be less than 600 mm to make turns
• The vehicle should fit inside the box, meaning that width cannot be bigger than 240mm.
• The vehicle must be concluded and ready to use in less than 8 weeks, before Capstone conference.
• Not every team will be able to add extra features due to the amount of members in each sub-team.
• Most of the parts used on the vehicle will have to be 3-D printed.
• Receiver control loop must execute in less than 2 ms (~500 Hz).

Gantt Chart

Coding

The coding team is responsible for developing and implementing the software for a 3-channel remote control system for a toy car. The system uses an Arduino-based microcontroller with an nRF24L01 radio module to enable wireless control of the car’s movement (steering and throttle) via a joystick and temperature regulation via a fan. The team’s goal is to create reliable, user-friendly firmware for the transmitter, ensuring precise control and system safety.

Requirements

Functions

·  Transmitter (Remote Control): Reads input from a joystick (for steering and throttle) and a button, processes the data, and wirelessly transmits it to the receiver.

·  Receiver: Interprets the transmitted data to control a servo motor (for steering), a DC motor (for throttle), a Peltier module (for heating/cooling), LEDs (for mode indication), and a buzzer (for alerts).

Objectives

The primary objective is to successfully create a working RC system that:

· Controls Movement: Accurately steers the model vehicle using the servo motor and adjusts speed with the DC motor based on joystick input.

· Manages Temperature: Switches the Peltier module between cooling and heating modes using a button, with visual feedback via LEDs.

· Provides Feedback: Activates a buzzer to alert the user when steering.

· Usability: Design an enclosure that is detachable, durable, and allows easy access to controls, enhancing user experience.

Constraints

The task is subject to the following constraints:

Hardware Constraints:

• The nRF24L01 module operates at 2.4 GHz with a 250 kbps data rate and limited range (typically 10-100 meters), requiring line-of-sight and stable power (3.3V).
• Fit all control data into a 3‑byte RF24 payload and keep the program within the Nano’s 32 kB flash and 2 kB SRAM limits, leaving 29 bytes free for future telemetry.

• Debugging Difficulty: Lack of debug output (e.g., Serial.print) requires additional hardware or code to verify signal transmission.

Software Constraints:

• Signal loss (e.g., > 1 second) triggers a reset, which may cause unexpected behavior if not properly managed.
• Mapping functions (e.g., mapJoystickValues) assume a fixed center (511), requiring manual calibration for hardware variations.

Circuit design(Transmitter)

The Design

Transmitter Hardware

This circuit design involves an Arduino Nano, a transmitter module, and a joystick, configured to create a wireless control system.

• Arduino Nano:
  • A compact microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
  • It serves as the brain of the circuit, processing inputs from the joystick and sending commands to the transmitter.
  • Key pins used: Digital I/O pins (D2-D13) and analog pins (A0, A1, D8) for joystick input, with specific pins (e.g., D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) connected to the transmitter for SPI communication.
• Transmitter Module:
  • An RF (radio frequency) module (e.g., nRF24L01) for wireless communication.
  • This module transmits data wirelessly to a corresponding receiver.
• Joystick:
  • A 2-axis analog joystick with a push-button.
  • Provides X and Y axis analog outputs (e.g., connected to A0 and A1) and a built-in push-button (e.g., connected to a digital pin D8).
  • Used to control the direction and action in the wireless system.

Transmitter enclosure(Remote controller enclosure)

Remote controller outward(Final used)

Remote controller drawing(Final used)

• A enclosure of transmitter is designed in Solidworks. The 150 x 80 x 45 mm enclosure created by 3D printing houses the Arduino, nRF24L01, 2-axis joystick (SW on D8), and button, with the 30 mm cavity for wiring or the module. A thin circular wooden panel cut to fit the hole, 30 mm in diameter, is mounted over central circular hole to secure the 2-axis joystick. The board is connected with joystick with screws. For side holes, one side hole houses a switch and the opposite hole is used to observe an internal LED which show the normal operation of the transmitter.

The enclosure is usable and reasons are as follows:

· Detachable Design: Use modular connectors (e.g., JST or Molex Mini-Fit) for the joystick and button to allow easy detachment. Mount the nRF24L01 on a detachable shield or breakout board.

· Durable Housing: Encase the transmitter in a 3D-printed or plastic enclosure with strain relief for wires. Use a robust joystick (e.g., industrial-grade) and a tactile button with a protective cap to withstand frequent use. The corners of the enclosure are blunted round angles which reduce the wear and tear.

· Control Access: The size of base of the enclosure is matched with handphone which is portable,allowing it to be held with one hand. It is friendly to the disable. You can handle the remote controller both one hand or two hands, depending on user's habit. Position the joystick and button ergonomically (e.g., joystick centered, button thumb-accessible). Add labels or color-coding for clarity. The remote control surface has been sloped to make it easier to operate with the thumb.

Alternative:

Remote controller alternative(single-hand)

• The image depicts an alternative model of the transmitter enclosure, but it is designed as a handheld remote control that is too small and narrow to accommodate all the required components, including the Arduino, nRF24L01, 2-axis joystick, button, and wiring space. Forcing these components into such a confined space could lead to damage to the existing devices due to overcrowding and insufficient clearance. Additionally, adding new components or making modifications would be inconvenient and impractical within this limited design.

Operating Sequence

1. Power On: Transmitter initializes radio, button pin, and neutral control values.
2. Read Inputs: Joystick (X-axis for steering, Y-axis for throttle) and button states are read.
3. Process Inputs: Joystick values are calibrated to 0–255, centered at 127; button state is set to 0 or 1.
4. Transmit Data: The Signal structure (steering, throttle, button) is sent wirelessly to the receiver.
5. Receive and Act: The receiver interprets the data to control
   • Steering servo (left/right).
   • Motor speed (forward/stop).
   • Fan (on/off ).
6. Repeat: The transmitter loops to continuously update and send control signals; the receiver responds in real time.

Program Flowchart

The flowcharts below are about transmitter and receiver respectively.

Transmitter flow chart

Receiver flow chart

Extra Features (if any)

The code of Buzzer is edited by our group. For the detail code, the document was uploaded by E sub-team and placed in The Design session.

The passive buzzer in the receiver code (on pin A0) sounds when the steering joystick on the transmitter is moved left (data.steering < 117) or right (data.steering > 137), indicating a turn in the model car or boat. It uses tone(buzzerPin, 2500) to generate a 2.5kHz tone, pulsing every 200ms for better audibility, and stops with noTone(buzzerPin) when the steering is centered. The transmitter ensures data.steering reaches the required thresholds by mapping joystick input (A0) to a 0–255 range. To maximize volume, use a resonant frequency (2–3kHz), a transistor for higher current, and an external 5V supply if needed.

Recommendations:

The system enables precise control of movement through the joystick's Y-axis, which manages forward motion and stopping (throttle), and the X-axis, which controls left and right steering. It effectively manages temperature by using the joystick's push button to toggle the fan on and off. The system provides feedback by activating a buzzer to alert the user when steering is engaged. Designed for usability, the controller is detachable, durable, and provides easy access to all controls.

Electrical/Electronic Design

Overview of the electrical and electronic sub-system

Requirements

Functions

1.Use Arduino to operate servos, motors and fans.

2.Receive the signal from the transmitter and complete the corresponding instructions.

3.Generate power to move and control the move path.

Objectives

1.Ensure accurate and reliable control of all actuators through Arduino.

2.Develop a modular and accessible layout for ease of debugging and testing.

Constraints

1.Alternating current must be within 4 VAC, 60 Hz.

2.Arduino nano must have enough pins to handle all devices(include basic component and extra features).

The Design

Arduino Code

File:Receiver code(updated).docx

Electrical sub team final Performance

Final circuit of electrical sub team

Flow Chart

Drive and Steering Circuit

This circuit contains the motor, and servo to generate the main power and control the moving path of the e-cycle.

Fan Circuit

DC fans was connected to Arduino via a relay, it's used to regulate the temperature and air circulation in the e-cycle.

Peltier Circuit

This circuit contains the Peltier module, which can change the temperature inside the e-cycle.

Boards Mounting

Three plans

Plan A

Plan C

Plan B

WDM Matrix for Boards Mounting Decision

	Weight	Plan A	Plan B	Plan C
Comfort	0.3	7	3	6
Stability	0.5	7	7	9
Aesthetics	0.2	7	3	6

Plan A total score = 7*0.3 + 7*0.5 + 7*0.2 = 7

Plan B total score = 3*0.3 + 7*0.5 + 3*0.2 = 5

Plan C total score = 6*0.3 + 9*0.5 + 6*0.2 = 7.5

Plan C > Plan A > Plan B

Due to these aspects, the Plan C is best, which is the final decision.

Autonomous Program

Program flowchart of RX for autonomous operation

Extra Features (if any)

• LED light: Two LED lights to show the cold and hot mode of the Peltier module. One light on to show is the cold mode, two lights on at the same time is the hot mode, both turn off is Peltier module not working.

  

  LED Circuit

Buzzer: When the e-cycle changes directions (turn left or right), the buzzer will issue a warning.

Buzzer Circuit

Recommandations

• Safety precautions must be taken during all production processes
• Before powering up the circuit, make sure the output voltage of the power supply (For our group is 5V) is correct
• Draw a circuit diagram of the corresponding circuit before completing the circuit to facilitate finding the wrong parts when troubleshooting later
• Strictly follow the gantt chart schedule, otherwise there is a high risk of not getting it done
• Meet at least once a week to report the progress of each team
• If there is a problem that can't be solved, ask other teams to work on it together is a good choice

Mechanical Design

The Mechanical Sub-Team is responsible for designing and implementing the drivetrain, front suspension, steering, air conditioning mount, and any additional mechanical features.

Requirements

Functions

• Smooth and efficient power transmission from the motor to the wheels
• Effective shock absorption to enhance ride comfort
• Accurate and responsive steering control
• Secure mounting of the air conditioning unit without interfering with other sub-systems

• Compatibility with space, weight, and safety constraints across the entire vehicle structure

Objectives

• Front Suspension: Design a suspension system that effectively absorbs road shocks to enhance ride comfort and vehicle stability.
• Drivetrain: Develop a drivetrain that efficiently transmits power from the motor to the wheels to ensure smooth propulsion.

• Steering: Create a steering mechanism that enables accurate and responsive directional control of the front wheels.

Constraints

• Front Suspension:Originally designed to fit an earlier steering concept, but due to insufficient strength of 3D-printed components, the suspension had to be redesigned and re-machined to be compatible with existing parts.
• Drivetrain: The design did not prioritize competition efficiency; instead, the primary objective was to ensure stable and reliable operation of the drivetrain system.
• Steering: Must allow the vehicle to achieve a maximum 600 mm turning radius (wall to wall).

The Design

Drivetrain:

The drivetrain system in our vehicle is designed to deliver power from the motor to the rear wheel effectively. This method is simple, effective, and easy to assemble for small-scale vehicles like ours. We chose a bead chain (pitch ≈ 13.6 mm) and custom-designed sprockets in SolidWorks. The chain length was calculated as a multiple of the pitch, and we used a spreadsheet to determine speed ratios and center distances.

After evaluating several configurations, including belt drive and direct-drive systems, we ultimately selected a chain drive mechanism. This system includes a sprocket mounted to the motor shaft and a chain that transmits rotational energy to the rear axle.

According to our testing, the chain drive provided the most reliable torque transfer with minimal slippage. It also requires less space compared to a belt system and offers better power efficiency. Although occasional maintenance is needed to adjust chain tension, this design proved to be compact and durable under various load conditions.

FRONT SUSPENSION

Front Suspension：

To absorb shocks and ensure stable handling over uneven terrain, we incorporated a front suspension system. Three configurations were explored: a rigid axle, a single shock absorber, and a vertical slider mechanism. We selected the vertical slider-based suspension, where each front wheel is connected to the frame through a vertical shaft and bracket.

This design provides a basic level of shock absorption, maintaining comfort while keeping the overall structure lightweight and easy to assemble. While not as advanced as hydraulic systems, it suits our compact design and short-range use-case.

Steering：

[[File:Image 20250624211807.png|thumb|240x240px|[[File:Image 20250624211826.png|thumb|252x252px|

steering]]]]The vehicle’s steering system is based on a linkage mechanism with dual tie rods. The steering column is connected to a handlebar, which transmits input to two linkages that control the angle of the front wheels. We considered using a cable or gear-based steering system, but they introduced complexity and reduced adjustability.

The chosen design allows for synchronized front wheel turning and provides sufficient mechanical advantage for smooth operation. It also simplifies alignment and maintenance, making it suitable for small, manually controlled vehicles like ours.

Aircon Mounting：

To cool the motor and electronics, we initially installed a rear-mounted fan as a simpler alternative to a full air conditioning system. However, after evaluating different placements, we plan to reposition the air cooling system to the front of the driver’s seat.

This new location is expected to improve airflow efficiency and cooling performance. While the current side bracket at the rear offers easy installation and basic stability, the revised front-mounted design will better target heat-sensitive components. Vibration dampening remains a consideration, but structural stability will be maintained in the updated mounting configuration.

Failed Plan

	Although this method offered high theoretical precision, it also failed due to poor print resolution. The gear teeth were too rough and imprecise, preventing proper meshing. This led to engagement issues and rapid wear, making the system unreliable with our available printing technology..
	This design failed due to the limitations of 3D printing resolution. The resulting surfaces lacked smoothness and precision, causing excessive friction, binding, and inconsistent movement. The intended smooth, functional contact between components could not be achieved
	We designed this structure, but when we 3D printed it, we found that it was easy to break during the assembly process, so we chose to keep the white base for the new design.

Evaluation：

Our mechanical design prioritizes stability over speed, making it ideal for a low-speed vehicle. The drivetrain ensures smooth and reliable power transfer. The front suspension offers basic shock absorption while keeping the structure lightweight. The steering system provides stable and responsive control, supporting safe and consistent operation.

Mechanical sub-system performance results

Right-hand minimum turning radius: ≈ 585 mm

Left-hand minimum turning radius: ≈ 800 mm

Maximum vehicle speed: ≈ 1 km/h

Recommendation：

Improve Manufacturing Precision：

Use higher-accuracy 3D printing or alternative fabrication methods to enhance component durability and fit.

Steering Geometry：

Adjust the steering design to improve turning performance, especially during sharp or low-radius.

Front Suspension：

Our front suspension design prioritizes lightweight stability, but future improvements should address strength and gear precision to enhance durability and performance.

Structural Design

Overview of the mechanical sub-system

Requirements

The structural sub-team is responsible for the enclosure frame, enclosure panels, doors, and natural ventilation system of the electric bicycle prototype. The sub-team’s work ensures that the vehicle is mechanically robust, lightweight, and ergonomically designed to meet user and safety requirements.

1.Door & Latch – allow quick rider access, seal the cabin during motion, and stay secure under vibration.

2. Openings & Vents – provide airflow, mounting spots for indicators and switches, and service access without weakening structure.

3. Mounting Interfaces – integrate hard‑points for the Electrical, Control, and Thermal teams.

4. Enclosure must protect electronics and mechanical components from weather.

Functions:

• Provide a rigid, lightweight shell that transfers road and rider loads to the chassis.
• Shield electronics, drivetrain, and rider from weather and debris.
• Offer mounting points for electrical, mechanical, and HVAC subsystems.
• Incorporate natural ventilation paths without compromising stiffness.

• Allow doors and panels to open/close smoothly for maintenance and rider entry.

Objectives:

• Keep the enclosure light yet stiff using MakerSpace-friendly processes (laser cutting, vacuum forming, small 3-D-printed brackets).
• Enable fast, tool-limited assembly and disassembly for first-year students.
• Achieve a turning radius ≤ 600 mm (wall‑to‑wall) with enclosure installed.
• House a 360 mm‑tall mannequin comfortably.

• Keep overall width ≤ 240 mm and ensure the length-plus-width footprint fits inside 430 mm × 279 mm.
• Achieve a turning radius ≤ 600 mm (wall-to-wall) so the vehicle can complete a figure-8 course.

Constraints:

• Enclosure must maintain weather protection while allowing ventilation slots.

• Weight and stiffness targets must stay within project limits; added reinforcement must not exceed the mass budget.
• Doors must latch securely and open without binding; no sharp edges.

The Design

Enclosure

The final enclosure model

Alternative design

Our team generated two enclosure concepts before settling on the Final Enclosure Model . A comparison with the Alternative Design is given below.

Chosen Design: The selected design keeps the same front profile but breaks it into short, laser-cut facets that slot together with tongue-and-slot tabs. Flat panels close the sides and top, and six 20 mm M3 screws tie the rear shell to the chassis. A pair of M4 bolts locks the steering rod and fender. The finished shell weighs less than one kilogram, so it does not upset balance or speed, and every part fits our Maker-space equipment. These benefits—solid mounting points, lower cost, and easy fabrication—led us to choose this solution.

Alternative Design: The initial concept employed a single, continuous curved panel that wrapped around the vehicle. Although visually appealing, the geometry provided almost no flat surfaces for hinges or latches, resulting in unacceptable door deflection. Fabrication would have required heat-forming or multi-axis CNC machining beyond project resources, and the component could not be produced as a single 3-D print within the available build volume. Additional internal ribs needed to achieve adequate stiffness would have raised the mass above the allowable limit.

Criterion	Weight (%)	Score – Final	Score – Alternative	Weighted Final	Weighted Alternative
Weight / Balance	30	9	6	27	18
Structural Rigidity	25	9	7	22.5	17.5
Manufacturability (Maker‑space)	25	9	4	22.5	10
Mounting Surfaces & Fastener Access	10	10	3	10	3
Cost	10	7	8	7	8
Total (Σ weight × score)	100			89	56.5

We compared a flat-panel enclosure with a curved-shell concept. The flat-panel design is lighter, can be cut and assembled entirely with our Maker-space tools, and offers plenty of flat flanges for secure hinges and latches. The curved shell looks sleeker and is slightly cheaper in raw materials, but it is heavier, needs specialised forming equipment, and provides few rigid points for mounting. On balance, the flat-panel enclosure meets all performance and fabrication needs, so it was selected as the final design.

Fenders:

Fender Drawing

The fender was designed to shield the steering wheel area from debris and splashback during movement. It was laser-cut from acrylic and shaped to align with the front profile of the vehicle. Mounting points were carefully positioned to avoid interference with the steering system while maintaining structural stability. This part also contributed to the overall aesthetic of the front enclosure and added a practical layer of protection for internal components. Designing the fender involved considering clearance, airflow, and material behavior under stress during motion.

Doors and hinges

The alternative design of the Door

Criteria	Weight	Alternative Door (with cutouts)	Final Door ( no cutouts
Ventilation compatibility	4	1	5
Structural integrity	3	2	4
Ease of fabrication	2	5	5
Aesthetic appearance	2	5	2
Privacy / weather protection	2	2	5
Total Score	-	38	61

While the alternative door design offered a more appealing appearance, it lacked ventilation control, structural strength, and weather protection. Since ease of fabrication was the same in both options, the final plain door was chosen for its superior functional performance and alignment with overall enclosure goals.

The door

The hinge

Plates with fingers

# Each plates with fingers

The enclosure is broken down into eight laser-cut plates, all joined by 3 mm-wide, 2.85 mm-deep finger joints that match the 2.85 mm plywood thickness.

Top and rear faces are each cut as a single rectangular panel.

Left and right sides are each divided into three separate panels and cut twice (one set per side):

1.a slanted transition panel that widens the front half of the shell,

2.a rear-window panel (door opening only on the right-hand panel; the left 3.remains solid),

a front curved-window panel that forms the windshield.

In the illustration, the four outlines (from left to right) represent: rear face, slanted panel, rear-window panel, and front-window panel. During assembly the interlocking fingers self-align; a bead of adhesive is applied before the plates are pressed together, giving a rigid, torsion-resistant shell without additional framing.

Recommendations:

1. Standardise panel thickness early: Lock in one sheet thickness for every load-bearing panel (e.g., 3 mm birch ply or 2 mm PETG) before detailed model; this avoids later clashes in finger-joint depth and fastener length.
2. Keep constant, detailed communication with the Electrical and Mechanical sub-teams. Double-check every dimension and interface in CAD so the finished shell lines up perfectly with wiring, actuators, and frame mounts.
3. Anticipate potential problems early and prepare contingencies. Identify likely weak points—panel cracks, seal failures, fastener stripping—and have spare parts, reinforcement plates, and sealant on hand before assembly begins.
4. Choose the simpler geometry whenever the performance difference is negligible. Complex shapes increase fabrication time and the risk of fit-up errors; a straightforward panel layout is usually lighter, cheaper, and more reliable.
5. Keep the shell compact in height and width. Oversized bodywork raises the centre of gravity, hurting stability—design tight to the chassis envelope to preserve balance.

The final product

Appendices

PDF Drawings：

Mechanical Drawings

Front Suspension: File:Front suspension.pdf, File:Front suspension Frame.pdf

Spring: File:Spring.pdf

Steering system: File:Steering.pdf

Wheel: File:Wheel.pdf

Assembly: File:Assembly.pdf

Arduino Code

IMPORTANT! Put your code in a Microsoft Word document and protect the document with a password! I shall ask for the password when I grade your code.

References

Add your reference list here.

About Us

Sub-teams:

Documentation
Victor Miranda Team Leader and part of the documentation subteam. Documentation Subteam, Victor Miranda My contribution to the team has been to record the progress and changes made during this project, as well as the creation and organization of the team's work plan. This project has taught me how to work in big groups in an organized and peaceful way, this skill will be useful in jobs in the engineering field.	Name of Member First name: Yifan Family name: Zhao Position (role played in the group) In a paragraph, say who you are, state your contributions to the project and mention something relevant that you learned from the experience.
Electrical/Electronic
Du, Tianhao Electrical sub team Du, Tianhao Mainly responsible for circuit connection. I was responsible for the circuit assembly and wiring connection of the team. Through this experience, I learned the skills of how to analyze why the circuit did not work and assemble the parts without short circuiting.	Wanjing Xu Electrical sub team Xu, Wanjing Position(role for draw circuit diagram) I am responsible for checking circuits, analyzing circuits, and drawing circuit diagrams in the e-sub team. Through this process, I have learned the basic components and structure of circuits and put this knowledge into practice. I believe that this knowledge will be of great help to my future professional studies.
Mechanical
hang zhang Design and implement of Drivetrain and front suspension and AC system. I am also responsible for some information of figures. I learned how to use solid works and some skills like how to 3d print and analyze the requirement of a project I think it will be meaningful for my future study in university .
Yuepeng Wen Design and implement the front system and drive I helped design and assemble the drivetrain, steering, and front suspension. I also worked on mounting the aircon unit. This project taught me how to turn Solidworks models into real parts and how to solve mechanical problems as a team.	Yuhan Deng SolidWork Modeling Production Making the solidwork model that without sample in Rear Frame.Learning the experience of how to making solidwork model refer to the real model.
Structural
Zifu Wang Zifu Wang In the structural sub-team I handled the enclosure model: splitting the shell into laser-cut panels, and running the decision matrix that steered us toward the flat-panel design. I also designed the door and concealed-hinge system, coordinated mounting points with the electrical and mechanical teams.	Sohrab Mohebbi Sohrab Mohebbi I was a member of the structural subteam and contributed to the design and fabrication of the vehicle’s enclosure. My main tasks included designing and assembling the finger joints that connected the flat panels, building the front fender for the steering area, and assisting with the layout and alignment of the enclosure structure. This project helped me develop practical design and teamwork skills, especially in working with laser-cut components and structural assembly under real-world constraints.
Coding
Yuxuan Jiang ID photo Yuxuan Jiang Assembly and testing of electronic components I participated in the production of the signal transmitter casing, circuit connection, and testing. Through this task, I learned how to identify electronic components and use their functions, the principles of signal transmission, and how to perform 3D modelling.	Yuanyi Yang ID photo Yuanyi Yang Testing code and assembly transmitter circuit I adjusted and assembled the circuit and tested codes for the receiver and transmitter ensuring normal signal transmission,laying the foundation for the remote controller of designed car.