Adult Learners in new academic settings

Questions:

1- what are some of the difficulties that adults face when they return to new academic settings after a long disconnect?

2- How do cultural educational systems affect these adults? There are certain obvious and subtle differences between the countries of the world, and, as such, movements between one and the other tend to have some influence over the manner with which these Lifelong Learners are able to adapt and adopt to the new cultures they move into.

3- would there be an ultimate solution allowing these adults an easy way to adapt to and adopt the new academic settings?