Genetics
From UBC Wiki
Contents
- 1 Genome
- 1.1 Understand the central dogma and desribe the steps of information flow
- 1.2 Understand the differences in chromosome, gene expression and arrangements between euharyotic and prokaryotic chromosomes
- 1.3 Describe the general features of gene organization on eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes
- 1.4 Describe the role of RNA molecules as a link between genes and proteins
- 1.5 Identify the 5’to 3’ polarity of DNA and RNA polymers and explain why such polarity is important
- 1.6 Distinguish between the structures of the monomers in DNA and RNA
- 1.7 Relate DNA stability (denaturation and renaturation) to base-stacking and hydrogen bonding between bases
- 1.8 Describe the relationship between DNA structure and the Watson-Crick base pair rules (Chargaff’s rules)
- 1.9 Describe how single-stranded nucleic acids can fold, what structures they can make, and possible consequences of these structures
- 1.10 Rationalize why polypeptides and RNA molecules can act as enzymes, but DNA cannot
- 1.11 Contrast the different types of RNA molecules: rRNA, tRNA, mRNA
- 1.12 Identify the regions of DNA that can be used by proteins to recognize specific DNA sequences
- 2 Prokayriotic Transcription
- 2.1 Describe the steps of information flow in transcription and translation
- 2.2 Describe what is meant by a “consensus sequence” and be able to determine a consensus sequence from a simple data set
- 2.3 Describe the role of RNA polymerase and promoters in transcription
- 2.4 Define what is meant by promoter, how if functions and how it is recognized by cellular enzymes
- 2.5 Describe the process of transcription of a gene and an operon
- 2.6 Indicate the critical points where the flow is controlled and kept specific
- 2.7 Describe the structure of the RNA polymerase including the “sigma factor”
- 3 Translation
- 3.1 Describe why the genetic code is termed “redundant” and “non-overlapping”
- 3.2 Describe the roles of the initiation codon, termination codons and the ribosome binding sites on a Bacterial mRNA
- 3.3 Explain what is meant by “wobble” in tRNA binding
- 3.4 Describe the cycle of binding of the ribosomes and tRNA in protein synthesis
- 3.5 Explain the function of amino acyl tRNA synthetase enzymes and why they are described as “the translators” of the genetic information
- 3.6 Describe in general terms the structure of a ribosome, including the RNA and protein components
- 4 Eukaryotic Transcription and Translation
- 4.1 Describe the roles of the three RNA polymerases in Eukaryotes
- 4.2 Contrast the steps of transcription and translation in eukaryotes to the parallel step in prokaryotes
- 4.3 Describe the role of condensation of the histones in gene expression
- 4.4 Describe the role of the important DNA sequences (TATA box, promoter proximal elements in regulation of eukaryotic transcription and how that compares to prokaryotes
- 4.5 Understand the process of capping, splicing and poly-adenylation of eukaryotic mRNAs and mRNA stability
- 4.6 Describe the relationship between introns and the coding region for a typical eukaryotic gene and how it relates to protein differences in different cells
- 4.7 Indicate the critical points where the information flow is controlled and kept specific in eukaryotes
- 4.8 Describe the factors that change gene expression in eukaryotes as compared to prokaryotes
