UBC Wiki - User contributions [en]

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-05T14:49:17Z

ZhuAnLim: /* Cultural and social implications */

== Background ==
In the 21st century, globalization has created a network and flow of information, resources, and labour across the globe. Foreign talents are highly sought after in global cities such as New York, Tokyo, and Paris. According to Richard Florida's creative class theory, the agglomeration of the ‘creative’ class or talent labour drives the locational choices of new economic growth (Florida. 2004). The geography of new economic growth is dependent on the development of companies around the concentrations of talented people, structures that underlies a city like its diversity, tolerance and openness, architecture and infrastructure, has great impacts on the appeal to prospective foreign talents (Florida. 2004). Transnational migrant talents are welcomed by the state in hopes of developing a more diverse and vibrant socio-economic structure. It enhances transnational relationships, and has a positive effect on the economy especially in the knowledge-based sectors (e.g. market analysis and evaluators, financial consultants, etc). Conversely, Low-skilled migrants are less appealing due to the nature of their work, which often means that they are more susceptible to be marginalized and displaced by society and the state. These work are often referred by some geographers as the 3Ds (Dangerous, Dirty, and Demeaning), and are hence associated with this class of migrants specifically (Fudge. 2004). Micheal Foucault theory on bio power also suggest that the state has the power to determine which lives matters and which are those that are deemed as deviant, transparent, and less desirable. In this way, the state could control the regulate which bodies that it deems to be 'healthy' for the nation, and which are not.

== Case study - Singapore ==
Historically, migration and the flow of labour, resources, and capital were crucial to the development of Singapore as a city-state, predominantly due to its geographical size and limitations (Yeoh & Lai. 2008, Yeoh. 2006, Yao. 2007). There are many different types and groups of migrants in Singapore, which are motivated by different political, socio-economic, and demographic reasons. Low-skilled migrants such as domestic workers or construction workers from the Philippines and Indonesia often travel to Singapore, in search of better economic prospects and employment opportunities, and they often engage in the low-wage sectors of the market (Yeoh. 2006, Yeoh & Huang 2010). There was a steady flow of migration of unskilled foreign labour to Singapore in the 1970s, as the country was industrializing and needed manpower for its manufacturing and other industrializing sectors of the market (Yeoh. 2006). It is part of a migration movement of labour within the region itself, what Yeoh (2006) calls an “intra-Southeast Asia migration” pattern, where less developed countries (source) supply labour to fast growing industrializing countries (destination) in the region. This influx of low-skilled migrant workers was fuelled by their acceptance to low-wage employment, and the reluctance of Singaporeans to engage in manual labour jobs even in times of depression (Yeoh. 2006). Although they play a critical role in the country's development, they are treated quite differently by society and the state.

== State Policies ==
Low-skilled migrants are undermined by state policies and regulations, such as their eligibility to Permanent Resident (PR) and citizenship status, subjectivity to mandatory health screenings, etc. Under the R-pass employment work permit, they are subjected to a ‘maid levy’ which is a security bond of $5000 (Yeoh. 2006, 2010). They are not permitted to be accompanied by any dependent, they cannot marry local Singaporeans and PRs, and can only work in the designated sector of the economy (Yeoh. 2006, 2010). These states policies are strategically imposed to regulate the numbers of transnational domestic workers, and to prevent the over reliance on this class of migrants in the market (Yeoh & Huang. 2010). The nature of the work that these domestic workers engage in is often considered as ‘private’ and flexible, and is therefore difficult to implement specific employment conditions, and fall outside of the Employment Act (Yeoh. 2006). Therefore, little is done by the state to encourage or accommodate their presence in public space, as these bodies often transgress the boundaries between what is private and public (Yeoh. 2006).

On the other hand, Singapore’s economic strategy then was to focus on developing a ‘highly-skilled’ human resource base due to its restrictions in natural resources and limited manpower, which favoured foreign talents instead (Yeoh. 2006, Yao. 2007). One significant difference between the state policies governing skilled migrant as compared to unskilled migrants is that they are usually issued P or Q employment passes, as compared to the R passes which are issued to low-skilled migrants (Yeoh, 2006). These passes (P & Q) are intended for the highly skilled professional migrants only, and it enables them privileges which are not enjoyed by low-skilled migrants. For example, they are not susceptible to levies, they are able to bring along family members and dependents, they may work in any sector of the economy, and they may apply for PR and citizenship status (Yeoh. 2006, Yeoh & Huang. 2010). This is a clear dissimilarity in state policies and regulation between the two different classes of migrants. This ties back the to notion of biopower explained by Micheal Foucault.

== Cultural and social implications ==
Citizens in Singapore have different outlooks on the two types of migrants, and this indirectly affects the inclusion of the migrants into society, and how these bodies are incorporated into the nation body. There are many reason for this distinction, which includes the type of jobs they engage in, their nationality, race, gender, etc. One particular example is the way domestic workers are regarded and viewed, both by society and their employers. These migrants are often considered to be inferior due to the nature of their job, which is allegedly to provide a service, assistant, to serve a family or household by undertaking domestic chores (Yeoh & Huang. 2010). They are more likely to be exploited, abused, and marginalized by society. Besides the issue of the difference in class and status, migrants are also viewed as external bodies coming from the ‘outside’, which are not considered to be a part of the state body and society. To be ‘othered’ by the host society is to deny their existence as a body that belongs. Certain groups of migrants in Singapore can often be seen gathering in public spaces such as Lucky Plaza (Filipinos), Golden Mile Shopping Centre (Thais) and Little India (Indians/Bangladeshi). These places have become iconic for the population that inhabit that space, and is spatially and culturally excluded from the main body of the state. Their presence in public space as an ‘othered’ body can invoke notions of negativity and marginalization. There are many examples of issues with foreign bodies in Singapore, such as the recent racial riot in the Little India of Singapore in 2013. There are many other factors that may play a part to the discrimination or marginalization of this class of migrants, such as race, gender, and ethnicity. It is more than an issue of Xenophobia, but rather there are much more underlying complex relationships that are at play that results in the marginalization of such bodies in a state or society.

== References ==
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh. (2006). Bifurcated labour: The unequal incorporation of transmigrant in Singapore. Volume 97, Issue 1, pages 26–37. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2006.00493.x
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Kamalini Ramdas (2014) Gender, migration, mobility and transnationalism, Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 21:10,1197-1213, DOI: 10.1080/0966369X.2014.969686
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Lai Ah Eng (2008) Guest editors’ introduction,Asian Population Studies, 4:3, 235-245, DOI:10.1080/17441730802496474
* Florida R. (2004). Cities and the Creative Class. Routledge. Retrieved 28 June 2016, from http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=11364
* Judy Fudge (2014). Making claims for migrant workers: human rights and citizenship, Citizenship Studies, 18:1, 29-45, DOI:10.1080/13621025.2014.865894
* Yao, Souchou. (2007). Singapore. Routledge. Retrieved on 12 March 2015, from <http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=71489>
* Yeoh, B. A., & Huang, S. (2010). Transnational Domestic Workers and the Negotiation of Mobility and Work Practices in Singapore's Home-Spaces. Mobilities, 5(2), 219-236. DOI: 10.1080/17450101003665036

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-05T14:40:00Z

ZhuAnLim:

== Background ==
In the 21st century, globalization has created a network and flow of information, resources, and labour across the globe. Foreign talents are highly sought after in global cities such as New York, Tokyo, and Paris. According to Richard Florida's creative class theory, the agglomeration of the ‘creative’ class or talent labour drives the locational choices of new economic growth (Florida. 2004). The geography of new economic growth is dependent on the development of companies around the concentrations of talented people, structures that underlies a city like its diversity, tolerance and openness, architecture and infrastructure, has great impacts on the appeal to prospective foreign talents (Florida. 2004). Transnational migrant talents are welcomed by the state in hopes of developing a more diverse and vibrant socio-economic structure. It enhances transnational relationships, and has a positive effect on the economy especially in the knowledge-based sectors (e.g. market analysis and evaluators, financial consultants, etc). Conversely, Low-skilled migrants are less appealing due to the nature of their work, which often means that they are more susceptible to be marginalized and displaced by society and the state. These work are often referred by some geographers as the 3Ds (Dangerous, Dirty, and Demeaning), and are hence associated with this class of migrants specifically (Fudge. 2004). Micheal Foucault theory on bio power also suggest that the state has the power to determine which lives matters and which are those that are deemed as deviant, transparent, and less desirable. In this way, the state could control the regulate which bodies that it deems to be 'healthy' for the nation, and which are not.

== Case study - Singapore ==
Historically, migration and the flow of labour, resources, and capital were crucial to the development of Singapore as a city-state, predominantly due to its geographical size and limitations (Yeoh & Lai. 2008, Yeoh. 2006, Yao. 2007). There are many different types and groups of migrants in Singapore, which are motivated by different political, socio-economic, and demographic reasons. Low-skilled migrants such as domestic workers or construction workers from the Philippines and Indonesia often travel to Singapore, in search of better economic prospects and employment opportunities, and they often engage in the low-wage sectors of the market (Yeoh. 2006, Yeoh & Huang 2010). There was a steady flow of migration of unskilled foreign labour to Singapore in the 1970s, as the country was industrializing and needed manpower for its manufacturing and other industrializing sectors of the market (Yeoh. 2006). It is part of a migration movement of labour within the region itself, what Yeoh (2006) calls an “intra-Southeast Asia migration” pattern, where less developed countries (source) supply labour to fast growing industrializing countries (destination) in the region. This influx of low-skilled migrant workers was fuelled by their acceptance to low-wage employment, and the reluctance of Singaporeans to engage in manual labour jobs even in times of depression (Yeoh. 2006). Although they play a critical role in the country's development, they are treated quite differently by society and the state.

== State Policies ==
Low-skilled migrants are undermined by state policies and regulations, such as their eligibility to Permanent Resident (PR) and citizenship status, subjectivity to mandatory health screenings, etc. Under the R-pass employment work permit, they are subjected to a ‘maid levy’ which is a security bond of $5000 (Yeoh. 2006, 2010). They are not permitted to be accompanied by any dependent, they cannot marry local Singaporeans and PRs, and can only work in the designated sector of the economy (Yeoh. 2006, 2010). These states policies are strategically imposed to regulate the numbers of transnational domestic workers, and to prevent the over reliance on this class of migrants in the market (Yeoh & Huang. 2010). The nature of the work that these domestic workers engage in is often considered as ‘private’ and flexible, and is therefore difficult to implement specific employment conditions, and fall outside of the Employment Act (Yeoh. 2006). Therefore, little is done by the state to encourage or accommodate their presence in public space, as these bodies often transgress the boundaries between what is private and public (Yeoh. 2006).

On the other hand, Singapore’s economic strategy then was to focus on developing a ‘highly-skilled’ human resource base due to its restrictions in natural resources and limited manpower, which favoured foreign talents instead (Yeoh. 2006, Yao. 2007). One significant difference between the state policies governing skilled migrant as compared to unskilled migrants is that they are usually issued P or Q employment passes, as compared to the R passes which are issued to low-skilled migrants (Yeoh, 2006). These passes (P & Q) are intended for the highly skilled professional migrants only, and it enables them privileges which are not enjoyed by low-skilled migrants. For example, they are not susceptible to levies, they are able to bring along family members and dependents, they may work in any sector of the economy, and they may apply for PR and citizenship status (Yeoh. 2006, Yeoh & Huang. 2010). This is a clear dissimilarity in state policies and regulation between the two different classes of migrants. This ties back the to notion of biopower explained by Micheal Foucault.

== Cultural and social implications ==
Citizens in Singapore have different outlooks on the two types of migrants, and this indirectly affects the inclusion of the migrants into society, and how these bodies are incorporated into the nation body. There are many reason for this distinction, which includes the type of jobs they engage in, their nationality, race, gender, etc. One particular example is the way domestic workers are regarded and viewed, both by society and their employers. These migrants are often considered to be inferior due to the nature of their job, which is allegedly to provide a service, assistant, to serve a family or household by undertaking domestic chores (Yeoh & Huang. 2010). They are more likely to be exploited, abused, and marginalized by society. Besides the issue of the difference in class and status, migrants are also viewed as external bodies coming from the ‘outside’, which are not considered to be a part of the state body and society. To be ‘othered’ by the host society is to deny their existence as a body that belongs. Certain groups of migrants in Singapore can often be seen gathering in public spaces such as Lucky Plaza (Filipinos), Golden Mile Shopping Centre (Thais) and Little India (Indians/Bangladeshi). These places have become iconic for the population that inhabit that space, and is spatially and culturally excluded from the main body of the state. Their presence in public space as an ‘othered’ body can invoke notions of negativity and marginalization. There are many examples of issues with foreign bodies in Singapore, such as a news article published in The Straits Times, “Singapore: Butterfly or Frog?” ([http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/singapore-butterfly-or-frog-20130309 (Mahbubani. 2013)]).

There are also other factors that may play a part to the discrimination or marginalization of this class of migrants, such as race, gender, and ethnicity. It is more than an issue of Xenophobia, but rather there are much more underlying complex relationships that are at play that results in the marginalization of such bodies in a state or society.

== References ==
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh. (2006). Bifurcated labour: The unequal incorporation of transmigrant in Singapore. Volume 97, Issue 1, pages 26–37. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2006.00493.x
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Kamalini Ramdas (2014) Gender, migration, mobility and transnationalism, Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 21:10,1197-1213, DOI: 10.1080/0966369X.2014.969686
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Lai Ah Eng (2008) Guest editors’ introduction,Asian Population Studies, 4:3, 235-245, DOI:10.1080/17441730802496474
* Florida R. (2004). Cities and the Creative Class. Routledge. Retrieved 28 June 2016, from http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=11364
* Judy Fudge (2014). Making claims for migrant workers: human rights and citizenship, Citizenship Studies, 18:1, 29-45, DOI:10.1080/13621025.2014.865894
* Yao, Souchou. (2007). Singapore. Routledge. Retrieved on 12 March 2015, from <http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=71489>
* Yeoh, B. A., & Huang, S. (2010). Transnational Domestic Workers and the Negotiation of Mobility and Work Practices in Singapore's Home-Spaces. Mobilities, 5(2), 219-236. DOI: 10.1080/17450101003665036

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-03T08:29:40Z

ZhuAnLim: /* Case study - Singapore */

Thread:User talk:ZhuAnLim/Feedback

2016-08-03T07:34:16Z

ZhuAnLim: Blanked the page

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-03T07:32:37Z

ZhuAnLim: /* Background */

GRSJ224

2016-08-03T07:32:02Z

ZhuAnLim: /* Immigration */

=== INTRODUCTION ===

This '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.

=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===

To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/xid-16358571_1 here].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif ||
* Read: [http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI7004.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]
* Choose a term from the table of contents
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''
* Set up your wiki page.
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited
* Proofread your Wiki

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif ||
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif ||
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]
* Write content relevant to class material.
* Tailor your page to your audience.
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].
|}

'''Helpful Links:'''
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_nguojj8r/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_d9350hqg Embed a Video]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]

=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===

{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" border="1" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;"
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; color:#ffffff; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====

* [[Voting Reform]]
* [[Gerrymandering]]
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em; "><span style="color:white">Affect</span></h2>====
*
*
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em; "><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2>====

* [[Career Woman in Hong Kong]]
* [[Gender Dynamics and Discourses in Parenting]]
* [[Gender Discrimination in China]]: http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/feminisminchina
* [[Korean Beauty and Miss Korea]]
* [[Gender Wage Gap in the USA]]

|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====

* [[Commercialization of Breast Cancer]]
* [[Neoliberalism_and_Social_Marginalization_in_Detroit|Neoliberalism and Social Marginalization in Detroit]]
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====

*
*
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>====

*[[Teenage Pregnancy In the United States]]
*[[Student Parent Experiences: Miscarriage, Time Management]]
*[[China's one child policy]]
*[[How Culture and Education Can Effect Teen Pregnancy Rates]]
*[[Designer Babies: The Good and the Bad]]

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Indigeneity</span></h2>====

*
*
*
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Medicalization</span></h2>====

* [[Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: The Medicalization of Childhood]]
* [[The Medicalization of Addiction]]
* [[Medicalization and the Female Body]]
* [[ Female Genital Mutilation]]
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====

*[[Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers]]
*[[The Assimilation of Asian Immigrants in Multicultural Canadian Society]]
*
|}

===ARCHIVE===
Below is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students:

* [[GRSJ224/archive|September 2014 - April 2016]]

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-03T06:16:24Z

ZhuAnLim:

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-03T06:15:33Z

ZhuAnLim: /* Case study - Singapore */

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-03T06:15:09Z

ZhuAnLim: /* Background */

Thread:Talk:China's one child policy/Feedback

2016-08-03T06:12:49Z

ZhuAnLim:

Thank you for and interesting insight on China's one child policy. This is one of the most controversial policy for the country, and there are obviously many different factors and impacts which you have mentioned in your page. I like the way the page is presented, it is easy to read and the points are short and précised. I would suggest to talk a little about how and who does this policy benefit or impact. Does social class and affluence play a part? It would be interesting to give a perspective from both the rich and the poor, and it might highlight some very unique experience from both sides.

Talk:China's one child policy

2016-08-03T06:11:31Z

ZhuAnLim: Talk page autocreated when first thread was posted

Thread:Talk:China's one child policy/Feedback

2016-08-03T06:11:31Z

ZhuAnLim: New thread: Feedback

Thank you for and interesting insight on China's one child policy. This is one of the most controversial policy for the country, and there are obviously many different factors and impacts which you have mentioned in your page. I like the way the page is presented, it is easy to read and the points are short and précised. I would suggest to talk a little about who does this policy benefit and who does it impacts. Does social class and affluence play a part? It would be interesting to give a perspective from both the rich and the poor, and it might highlight some very unique experience from both sides.

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-03T06:01:12Z

ZhuAnLim:

==== '''Background'''====
In the 21st century, globalization has created a network and flow of information, resources, and labour across the globe. Foreign talents are highly sought after in global cities such as New York, Tokyo, and Paris. According to Richard Florida's creative class theory, ..... micheal Foucault theory on bio power as well....
But, some bodies are marginalized by the state and society, in particular the low-skilled migrant workers.

===='''Case study - Singapore''' ====
Historically, migration and the flow of labour, resources, and capital were crucial to the development of Singapore as a city-state, predominantly due to its geographical size and limitations (Yeoh & Lai. 2008, Yeoh. 2006, Yao. 2007). There are many different types and groups of migrants in Singapore, which are motivated by different political, socio-economic, and demographic reasons. The unskilled migrant workers are often marginalized as compared to their 'skilled' counterparts, which are regarded to be foreign talents and are highly sought after. This class of migrants often engaged in manual and low-skilled labour, such as construction, factory, and domestic work; what some geographers calls the 3Ds (Dangerous, Dirty, and Demeaning) (Lin. 2011, Fudge 2014). This influx of low-skilled migrant workers was fuelled by their acceptance to low-wage employment, and the reluctance of Singaporeans to engage in manual labour jobs even in times of depression (Yeoh. 2006). Although they play a critical role in the country's development, they receive far less advantages than those who are skilled and educated.

==== '''State Policies''' ====

==== '''Cultural and social implications''' ====

==== '''References''' ====
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh. (2006). Bifurcated labour: The unequal incorporation of transmigrant in Singapore. Volume 97, Issue 1, pages 26–37. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2006.00493.x
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Kamalini Ramdas (2014) Gender, migration, mobility and transnationalism, Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 21:10,1197-1213, DOI: 10.1080/0966369X.2014.969686
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Lai Ah Eng (2008) Guest editors’ introduction,Asian Population Studies, 4:3, 235-245, DOI:10.1080/17441730802496474
* Florida R. (2004). Cities and the Creative Class. Routledge. Retrieved 28 June 2016, from http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=11364
* Judy Fudge (2014). Making claims for migrant workers: human rights and citizenship, Citizenship Studies, 18:1, 29-45, DOI:10.1080/13621025.2014.865894

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-03T02:34:42Z

ZhuAnLim:

==== <big>'''Background'''</big> ====
In the 21st century, globalization has created a network and flow of information, resources, and labour across the globe. Foreign talents are highly sought after in global cities such as New York, Tokyo, and Paris. According to Richard Florida's creative class theory,

==== <big>'''Case study example - Singapore'''</big> ====
Historically, migration and the flow of labour, resources, and capital were crucial to the development of Singapore as a city-state, predominantly due to its geographical size and limitations (Yeoh & Lai. 2008, Yeoh. 2006, Yao. 2007). There are many different types and groups of migrants in Singapore, which are motivated by different political, socio-economic, and demographic reasons. The unskilled migrant workers are often marginalized as compared to their 'skilled' counterparts, which are regarded to be foreign talents and are highly sought after. This class of migrants often engaged in manual and low-skilled labour, such as construction, factory, and domestic work; what some geographers calls the 3Ds (Dangerous, Dirty, and Demeaning) (Lin. 2011, Fudge 2014). This influx of low-skilled migrant workers was fuelled by their acceptance to low-wage employment, and the reluctance of Singaporeans to engage in manual labour jobs even in times of depression (Yeoh. 2006). Although they play a critical role in the country's development, they receive far less advantages than those who are skilled and educated.

<big>'''References'''</big>
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh. (2006). Bifurcated labour: The unequal incorporation of transmigrant in Singapore. Volume 97, Issue 1, pages 26–37. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2006.00493.x
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Kamalini Ramdas (2014) Gender, migration, mobility and transnationalism, Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 21:10,1197-1213, DOI: 10.1080/0966369X.2014.969686
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Lai Ah Eng (2008) Guest editors’ introduction,Asian Population Studies, 4:3, 235-245, DOI:10.1080/17441730802496474
* Florida R. (2004). Cities and the Creative Class. Routledge. Retrieved 28 June 2016, from http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=11364
* Judy Fudge (2014). Making claims for migrant workers: human rights and citizenship, Citizenship Studies, 18:1, 29-45, DOI:10.1080/13621025.2014.865894

User talk:ZhuAnLim

2016-08-03T02:26:35Z

ZhuAnLim: Talk page autocreated when first thread was posted

Thread:User talk:ZhuAnLim/Feedback

2016-08-03T02:26:34Z

ZhuAnLim: New thread: Feedback

Thank you for and interesting insight on China's one child policy. This is one of the most controversial policy for the country, and there are obviously many different factors and impacts which you have mentioned in your page. I like the way the page is presented, it is easy to read and the points are short and précised. I would suggest to talk a little about who does this policy benefit and who does it impacts. Does social class and affluence play a part? It would be interesting to give a perspective from both the rich and the poor, and it might highlight some very unique experience from both sides.

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-03T02:13:16Z

ZhuAnLim:

<big>'''Background'''</big>
In the 21st century, globalization has created a network and flow of information, resources, and labour across the globe. Foreign talents are highly sought after in global cities such as New York, Tokyo, and Paris. According to Richard Florida's creative class theory,

<big>'''Case study example - Singapore'''</big>
Historically, migration and the flow of labour, resources, and capital were crucial to the development of Singapore as a city-state, predominantly due to its geographical size and limitations (Yeoh & Lai. 2008, Yeoh. 2006, Yao. 2007). There are many different types and groups of migrants in Singapore, which are motivated by different political, socio-economic, and demographic reasons. The unskilled migrant workers are often marginalized as compared to their 'skilled' counterparts, which are regarded to be foreign talents and are highly sought after. This class of migrants often engaged in manual and low-skilled labour, such as construction, factory, and domestic work; what some geographers calls the 3Ds (Dangerous, Dirty, and Demeaning) (Lin. 2011, Fudge 2014). This influx of low-skilled migrant workers was fuelled by their acceptance to low-wage employment, and the reluctance of Singaporeans to engage in manual labour jobs even in times of depression (Yeoh. 2006). Although they play a critical role in the country's development, they receive far less advantages than those who are skilled and educated.

<big>'''References'''</big>
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh. (2006). Bifurcated labour: The unequal incorporation of transmigrant in Singapore. Volume 97, Issue 1, pages 26–37. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2006.00493.x
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Kamalini Ramdas (2014) Gender, migration, mobility and transnationalism, Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 21:10,1197-1213, DOI: 10.1080/0966369X.2014.969686
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Lai Ah Eng (2008) Guest editors’ introduction,Asian Population Studies, 4:3, 235-245, DOI:10.1080/17441730802496474
* Florida R. (2004). Cities and the Creative Class. Routledge. Retrieved 28 June 2016, from http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=11364
* Judy Fudge (2014). Making claims for migrant workers: human rights and citizenship, Citizenship Studies, 18:1, 29-45, DOI:10.1080/13621025.2014.865894

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-02T15:05:36Z

ZhuAnLim:

<big>'''Background'''</big>

Historically, migration and the flow of labour, resources, and capital were crucial to the development of Singapore as a city-state, predominantly due to its geographical size and limitations (Yeoh & Lai. 2008, Yeoh. 2006, Yao. 2007). There are many different types and groups of migrants in Singapore, which are motivated by different political, socio-economic, and demographic reasons. The unskilled migrant workers are often marginalized as compared to their 'skilled' counterparts, which are regarded to be foreign talents and are highly sought after. This class of migrants often engaged in manual and low-skilled labour, such as construction, factory, and domestic work; what some geographers calls the 3Ds (Dangerous, Dirty, and Demeaning) (Lin. 2011, Fudge 2014). This influx of low-skilled migrant workers was fuelled by their acceptance to low-wage employment, and the reluctance of Singaporeans to engage in manual labour jobs even in times of depression (Yeoh. 2006). Although they play a critical role in the country's development, they receive far less advantages than those who are skilled and educated.

<big>'''References'''</big>
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh. (2006). Bifurcated labour: The unequal incorporation of transmigrant in Singapore. Volume 97, Issue 1, pages 26–37. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2006.00493.x
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Kamalini Ramdas (2014) Gender, migration, mobility and transnationalism, Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 21:10,1197-1213, DOI: 10.1080/0966369X.2014.969686
* Brenda S.A. Yeoh & Lai Ah Eng (2008) Guest editors’ introduction,Asian Population Studies, 4:3, 235-245, DOI:10.1080/17441730802496474
* Florida R. (2004). Cities and the Creative Class. Routledge. Retrieved 28 June 2016, from http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=11364
* Judy Fudge (2014). Making claims for migrant workers: human rights and citizenship, Citizenship Studies, 18:1, 29-45, DOI:10.1080/13621025.2014.865894

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-02T14:29:41Z

ZhuAnLim:

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-08-02T14:21:37Z

ZhuAnLim:

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers

2016-05-28T14:22:39Z

ZhuAnLim: Created page with "Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers in Singapore."

Marginalization of unskilled migrant workers in Singapore.

GRSJ224

2016-05-28T14:22:08Z

ZhuAnLim: /* Immigration */

=== INTRODUCTION ===

This '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.

=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===

To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/xid-16358571_1 here].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif ||
* Read: [http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI7004.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]
* Choose a term from the table of contents
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''
* Set up your wiki page.
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited
* Proofread your Wiki

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif ||
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif ||
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]
* Write content relevant to class material.
* Tailor your page to your audience.
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].
|}

'''Helpful Links:'''
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_nguojj8r/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_d9350hqg Embed a Video]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]

=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===

{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" border="1" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;"
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; color:#ffffff; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====

*
*
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em; "><span style="color:white">Affect</span></h2>====
*
*
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em; "><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2>====

*
*
*

|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====

*
*
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====

*
*
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>====

*
*
*
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Indigeneity</span></h2>====

*
*
*
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Medicalization</span></h2>====

*
*
*
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====

*[[marginalization of unskilled migrant workers]]
*
*
|}

===ARCHIVE===
Below is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students:

* [[GRSJ224/archive|September 2014 - April 2016]]

Marginalization

2016-05-28T14:20:56Z

ZhuAnLim: Created page with "Marginalization of different class of migrant workers in Singapore."

Marginalization of different class of migrant workers in Singapore.

GRSJ224

2016-05-28T14:19:56Z

ZhuAnLim: /* Immigration */

=== INTRODUCTION ===

This '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.

=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===

To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/xid-16358571_1 here].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif ||
* Read: [http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI7004.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]
* Choose a term from the table of contents
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''
* Set up your wiki page.
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited
* Proofread your Wiki

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif ||
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif ||
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]
* Write content relevant to class material.
* Tailor your page to your audience.
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].
|}

'''Helpful Links:'''
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_nguojj8r/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_d9350hqg Embed a Video]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]

=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===

{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" border="1" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;"
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; color:#ffffff; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====

*
*
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em; "><span style="color:white">Affect</span></h2>====
*
*
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em; "><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2>====

*
*
*

|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====

*
*
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====

*
*
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>====

*
*
*
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Indigeneity</span></h2>====

*
*
*
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Medicalization</span></h2>====

*
*
*
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====

*[[marginalization]]
*
*
|}

===ARCHIVE===
Below is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students:

* [[GRSJ224/archive|September 2014 - April 2016]]

GRSJ224/marginalization

2016-05-28T14:16:50Z

ZhuAnLim: Created page with "''Marginalization of migrant workers in Singapore''"

''Marginalization of migrant workers in Singapore''