UBC Wiki - User contributions [en]

GRSJ224

2019-08-05T23:42:14Z

NoahHeyl:

BiThis '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.

=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===

To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/27830/files/4186290/download?wrap=1 here].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif ||
* Read: [https://library.educause.edu/~/media/files/library/2005/7/eli7004-pdf.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]
* Choose a term from the table of contents
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''
* Set up your wiki page.
* Instructions on how to use the Visual Editor on UBC Wikis: [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Visual_Editor Help:Visual Editor]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited
* Proofread your Wiki

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif ||
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif ||
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]
* Write content relevant to class material.
* Tailor your page to your audience.
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].
|}

'''Helpful Links:'''
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/racialdiscrimination Embed a Video]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]

=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===

{| width="100%" class="wikitable" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;" border="1" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====
* [[Voter Suppression in the United States]]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/The_Fight_For_Democracy_in_Hong_Kong#The_Fight_For_Democracy_in_Hong_Kong The Fight for Democracy in Hong Kong]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects|Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects]]
* [[ Persistance of White Privilege in Post-Colonial Kenya]]
* [[Post-Colonial Hong Kong Identity]]
* [[Police Brutality Against Indigenous Youth|Police Misconduct Against Indigenous Youth]]
* [[Indigenous Youth Under the Care of Child Services]]
* [[Persistence of Colonial Practices in Canada against Indigenous communities]]
* [[Language Power In Post-Colonial Hong Kong]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China|GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China]]
* [[Teenage Pregnancy in China|Teenage Pregnancy in China]]
* [[Reproductive Choices for HIV Positive Men and Women]]
* [[GRSJ224/Criminalization of Pregnancy|Criminalization of Pregnancy]]
* [[Forced Sterilization of People with Disabilities in North America|Forced Sterilization of Individuals with Disabilities in British Columbia]]
* [[Sandbox:GRSJMaternalandReproductiveHealthofIndigenousCommunities|Maternal and Reproductive Health in Canadian Indigenous Communities]]
*
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====
* [[Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada|Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada]]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page Sri Lankan Tamil People Join the We]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page stern World]
* <nowiki/>[[The increase of discriminatory immigration policy with the threat of terrorism in Canada|The increase of discriminatory immi]]<nowiki/>[[The increase of discriminatory immigration policy with the threat of terrorism in Canada|gration policy with the threat of terrorism in Canada]]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/The_Injustice_in_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_in_the_United_States The Injustice in Immigration and Cu]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/The_Injustice_in_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_in_the_United_States stoms Enforcement in the United States]
* [[GRSJ224/Canada Federal Skilled Workers Program Victimizes And Discriminates Against Visible Minorities]]
* [[Linguistic Discrimination Against Immigrants in Canada]]
* [[GRSJ224/Challenges that Children of Immigrants Face in Canada|Challenges that Children of Immigra]]<nowiki/>[[GRSJ224/Challenges that Children of Immigrants Face in Canada|nts Face in Canada]]
* [[Struggles of Resettled Refugees]]
* [[GRSJ224/Migrant Workers In Canada|GRSJ224/MigrantWorkersInCanada]]
* [[Canadian Immigrants' Pension Inequality]]
* [[GRSJ224/The Exclusion of Women and the LGBTQIA+2 in Migration Research|GRSJ224/The Exclusion of Women and LGBTQIA+2 in Migration Research]]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/_Changes_in_Immigration_Policies_after_9/11 Changes in Immigration Policies after 9/11]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2>====
* [[The Issue with Feminism: White Feminism]]
* [[Rape Culture in Fraternities]]
* Radical [https://wiki.ubc.ca/UBC_Wiki:Http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/radicalfeminism Feminism]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/iscanadafeminist Is Canada Feminist?]
* [[Feminism and Media]]
* [[Violence Against Indigenous Women]]
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Discrimination</span></h2>====
* [[Discrimination Against Asian Americans]]
* [[Discrimination Against Indigenous Youth in the Education System]]
* [[The Confrontation of Heterosexism in Vietnam]]
* [[GRSJ224_Racial_and_Gender_Oppression_of_Black,_African_Women#Blackness|Racial and Gender Oppression of Black, African Women ]]
* [[Discrimination Against LGBT Refugees in Canada]]
* [[Caste Discrimination in India]]
*[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Inequality_and_injustice_in_the_US_criminal_justice_system Inequality and injustice in the US criminal justice system]
*[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Stigmatization_of_mental_health_in_Asian_Indian_communties?venotify=created#Stigma Stigmatization of Mental Health in Asian Indian Communities]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Discrimination_in_Hollywood_Movies Discrimination in Hollywood Movies]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Discrimination_against_Transgender_and_Nonbinary_Peoples_in_Pakistan Discrimination against Transgender and nonbinary peoples in Pakistan]
* [[Sexism in Canadian media|Sexism in Canadian Media]]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Aboriginal_Income_Disparity_In_Canada Aboriginal Income Disparity In Canada]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Model-Minority-Myth The Model Minority Myth in the Asian Diaspora]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224-_Gender_Inequality_Within_Advertisements?venotify=created&veaction=edit Gender Inequality Within Advertisements]
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Masculinity</span></h2>====
* [[Masculinity and Smoking]]
* [[Violence and Mental Health]]
* [[Muscles Defining Masculinity]]
* [[Aging and Masculinity]]
* [[Black Masculinity]]
* [[GRSJ224/asianmasculinity]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
|-

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Medicalization</span></h2>====
* [[The Medicalization of Aging Bodies]]
* [[Medicalization of Korean Beauty in Pop Culture]]
* [[GRSJ224/Medicalization of Obesity and Fitness]]
* [[Medicalization of Vancouver's Downtown Eastside]]
* [[Medicalization of Criminality in Society]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">LGBT Families</span></h2>====
* [[LGBTQ Children in Foster Care]]
* [[LGBTQ+ children in Immigrant Families]]
* [[GRSJ224/LGBTQ Parents’ Difficulties in Adoption|LGBTQ Parents’ Difficulties in Adoption]]
|
|
|}

===ARCHIVE===
Here is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students: [[GRSJ224/archive|Archive of Wiki pages]]

GRSJ224

2019-08-05T23:41:53Z

NoahHeyl:

BiThis '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.

=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===

To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/27830/files/4186290/download?wrap=1 here].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif ||
* Read: [https://library.educause.edu/~/media/files/library/2005/7/eli7004-pdf.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]
* Choose a term from the table of contents
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''
* Set up your wiki page.
* Instructions on how to use the Visual Editor on UBC Wikis: [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Visual_Editor Help:Visual Editor]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited
* Proofread your Wiki

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif ||
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif ||
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]
* Write content relevant to class material.
* Tailor your page to your audience.
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].
|}

'''Helpful Links:'''
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/racialdiscrimination Embed a Video]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]

=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===

{| width="100%" class="wikitable" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;" border="1" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====
* [[Voter Suppression in the United States]]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/The_Fight_For_Democracy_in_Hong_Kong#The_Fight_For_Democracy_in_Hong_Kong The Fight for Democracy in Hong Kong]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects|Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects]]
* [[ Persistance of White Privilege in Post-Colonial Kenya]]
* [[Post-Colonial Hong Kong Identity]]
* [[Police Brutality Against Indigenous Youth|Police Misconduct Against Indigenous Youth]]
* [[Indigenous Youth Under the Care of Child Services]]
* [[Persistence of Colonial Practices in Canada against Indigenous communities]]
* [[Language Power In Post-Colonial Hong Kong]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China|GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China]]
* [[Teenage Pregnancy in China|Teenage Pregnancy in China]]
* [[Reproductive Choices for HIV Positive Men and Women]]
* [[GRSJ224/Criminalization of Pregnancy|Criminalization of Pregnancy]]
* [[Forced Sterilization of People with Disabilities in North America|Forced Sterilization of Individuals with Disabilities in British Columbia]]
* [[Sandbox:GRSJMaternalandReproductiveHealthofIndigenousCommunities|Maternal and Reproductive Health in Canadian Indigenous Communities]]
*
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====
* [[Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada|Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada]]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page Sri Lankan Tamil People Join the We]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page stern World]
* <nowiki/>[[The increase of discriminatory immigration policy with the threat of terrorism in Canada|The increase of discriminatory immi]]<nowiki/>[[The increase of discriminatory immigration policy with the threat of terrorism in Canada|gration policy with the threat of terrorism in Canada]]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/The_Injustice_in_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_in_the_United_States The Injustice in Immigration and Cu]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/The_Injustice_in_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_in_the_United_States stoms Enforcement in the United States]
* [[GRSJ224/Canada Federal Skilled Workers Program Victimizes And Discriminates Against Visible Minorities]]
* [[Linguistic Discrimination Against Immigrants in Canada]]
* [[GRSJ224/Challenges that Children of Immigrants Face in Canada|Challenges that Children of Immigra]]<nowiki/>[[GRSJ224/Challenges that Children of Immigrants Face in Canada|nts Face in Canada]]
* [[Struggles of Resettled Refugees]]
* [[GRSJ224/Migrant Workers In Canada|GRSJ224/MigrantWorkersInCanada]]
* [[Canadian Immigrants' Pension Inequality]]
* [[GRSJ224/The Exclusion of Women and the LGBTQIA+2 in Migration Research|GRSJ224/The Exclusion of Women and LGBTQIA+2 in Migration Research]]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/_Changes_in_Immigration_Policies_after_9/11 Changes in Immigration Policies after 9/11]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2>====
* [[The Issue with Feminism: White Feminism]]
* [[Rape Culture in Fraternities]]
* Radical [https://wiki.ubc.ca/UBC_Wiki:Http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/radicalfeminism Feminism]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/iscanadafeminist Is Canada Feminist?]
* [[Feminism and Media]]
* [[Violence Against Indigenous Women]]
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
<nowiki>=</nowiki>===<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Discrimination</span></h2>
* [[Discrimination Against Asian Americans]]
* [[Discrimination Against Indigenous Youth in the Education System]]
* [[The Confrontation of Heterosexism in Vietnam]]
* [[GRSJ224_Racial_and_Gender_Oppression_of_Black,_African_Women#Blackness|Racial and Gender Oppression of Black, African Women ]]
* [[Discrimination Against LGBT Refugees in Canada]]
* [[Caste Discrimination in India]]
*[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Inequality_and_injustice_in_the_US_criminal_justice_system Inequality and injustice in the US criminal justice system]
*[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Stigmatization_of_mental_health_in_Asian_Indian_communties?venotify=created#Stigma Stigmatization of Mental Health in Asian Indian Communities]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Discrimination_in_Hollywood_Movies Discrimination in Hollywood Movies]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Discrimination_against_Transgender_and_Nonbinary_Peoples_in_Pakistan Discrimination against Transgender and nonbinary peoples in Pakistan]
* [[Sexism in Canadian media|Sexism in Canadian Media]]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Aboriginal_Income_Disparity_In_Canada Aboriginal Income Disparity In Canada]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Model-Minority-Myth The Model Minority Myth in the Asian Diaspora]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224-_Gender_Inequality_Within_Advertisements?venotify=created&veaction=edit Gender Inequality Within Advertisements]
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Masculinity</span></h2>====
* [[Masculinity and Smoking]]
* [[Violence and Mental Health]]
* [[Muscles Defining Masculinity]]
* [[Aging and Masculinity]]
* [[Black Masculinity]]
* [[GRSJ224/asianmasculinity]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
|-

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Medicalization</span></h2>====
* [[The Medicalization of Aging Bodies]]
* [[Medicalization of Korean Beauty in Pop Culture]]
* [[GRSJ224/Medicalization of Obesity and Fitness]]
* [[Medicalization of Vancouver's Downtown Eastside]]
* [[Medicalization of Criminality in Society]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">LGBT Families</span></h2>====
* [[LGBTQ Children in Foster Care]]
* [[LGBTQ+ children in Immigrant Families]]
* [[GRSJ224/LGBTQ Parents’ Difficulties in Adoption|LGBTQ Parents’ Difficulties in Adoption]]
|
|
|}

===ARCHIVE===
Here is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students: [[GRSJ224/archive|Archive of Wiki pages]]

File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg

2019-08-02T14:33:35Z

NoahHeyl: /* {{int:license-header}} */

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.

A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".}}
|date=2018-07-19
|source=https://aptnnews.ca/2018/07/19/tiny-house-warriors-establish-new-village-to-resist-pipeline-assert-secwepemc-sovereignty/
|author= Justin Brake
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
This image is assumed to be under copyright and is used under a fair use rationale.

* This image will only be used on the specific page in question.
* It is necessary to demonstrate a concept in the article.
* No suitable free alternatives exist.

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-02T14:19:27Z

NoahHeyl:

<div style="position: relative; border: 3px solid #002145; margin: 5px;">
<div style="background: #002145; color: white; padding: 5px; padding-left: 8px;"><big>Land acknowledgement</big></div>
<div style="padding: 8px;">This article was written on the stolen land of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Watuth). In talking about broader indigenous resistence movements on turtle island, its crucial to acknowledge the importance of land and place. And in doing so lift up the particular sovereignty of local nations.
</div>
</div>
<br>
'''Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects''' is a common pattern both locally and throughout turtle island. These resistance actions are often framed around the "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" which establishes the legal right of indigenous people to both actively participate in projects on their territory and oppose them. While UNDRIP provides a legal framing, it is also important to consider the importance of these actions as enforcing indigenous sovereignty and place them within a larger indigenous resurgence movement.

__TOC__

== UNDRIP ==

<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner">
{{#widget:YouTube|id=YY4kBDMoHgw|height=315|width=450}}<br/>
<p><i>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: a conversation with experts.</i> <br>CC are available in the Youtube video.<br/>
</p></div></div>

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a starting point for understanding the obligations colonial governments have to indigenous nations. It "constitute[s] the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.” <ref name="undrip">https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf</ref>. It was adopted as a policy by the UN in 2007, but not by Canada until 2016<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/canada-adopting-implementing-un-rights-declaration-1.3575272</ref>.

UNDRIP goes beyond the idea of a consultation based model toward a model of free, prior, and informed consent<ref name="dapl-con">Mengden, Walter H. “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CONSULTATION: THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE.” American Indian Law Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 441–466. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26492269.</ref>. Under UNDRIP indigenous groups have the right to not only be consulted, but to actively oppose extractivist projects on their territories. UNDRIP provides this particularly through the right to

* self-determination (Article 1)
* to be free from forced relocation (Article 10)
* to participate in decision making (Article 18, 19)
* and to their traditional territories (Article 26)<ref name="undrip" />

These rights taken together help move indigenous groups from "solely victims to actors, and from objects of protection to subjects of rights" <ref name="felipe">Felipe Gómez Isa (2019) The UNDRIP: an increasingly robust legal parameter,The International Journal of Human Rights, 23:1-2, 7-21, DOI: 10.1080/13642987.2019.1568994</ref>. In doing so, UNDRIP exists in opposition to past colonial legal documents. Particularly the "Doctrine of Discovery" which gave colonial powers the rights to land held by indigenous people <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030506/http://www.historytools.org/sources/Johnson-v-MIntosh.pdf</ref>.

However, UNDRIP is still only a paper document produced by a colonial institution. It has little weight if not taken into practice. Ultimately the rights accorded to indigenous nations under UNDRIP only matter if nations are able to force their colonial government to respect UNDRIP. This usually means expensive court cases which is a financial barrier.

== Trans mountain pipeline ==
The TMX pipeline expansion is an ongoing project to lay a new 980km pipeline along the route of the existing trans mountain pipeline <ref name="transmount">https://www.transmountain.com/project-overview</ref>. This route crosses the traditional territories of several indigenous nations in Alberta and British Columbia.

The project was proposed in 2012 to the national energy board and has been subject to legal challenges since <ref>https://www.transmountain.com/regulatory-process</ref>. On June 18th 2019, the NEB approved the project after it had been halted due to safety concerns <ref>https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/trnsmntnxpnsn/mdsttmnt2019-06-18-eng.html</ref>.

=== The Tiny House Warriors ===
[[File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg|thumb|Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".]]
The Tiny House Warriors project is an organization that seeks to assert the traditional territory and law of the Secwepemc people<ref name="thisspace">Cantieri, Janice. "THIS SPACE HERE." BC Studies.198 (2018): 7. ProQuest. Web. 1 Aug. 2019.</ref>. Secwepemc territory has never been ceded or surrendered. The Tiny House Warriors therefore hold that "the Trans Mountain Pipeline project and any other corporate colonial project that seeks to go through and destroy our 180,000 square km of unceded territory will be refused passage" <ref>http://tinyhousewarriors.com/</ref>.

They enact resistance by building small houses along the route of the pipeline. These houses serve as little villages which will need to be forcibly removed in order to continue construction. In forcibly removing these indigenous tiny houses, the government publicly reinforces its colonial agenda. The removal of these houses deliberately evokes the forced removal and relocation of indigenous people from their territory. This emphasizes the hollowness of the Canadian governments promises of reconciliation.

The Tiny House Warriors was founded by Kanahus Manuel and is led by indigenous women.

=== Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House ===
[[File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg|thumb|Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain. A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House".]]

The watch house or Kwekwecnewtxw (henqeminem for "a place to watch from") is a traditional structure built at the tanker farm on burnaby mountain <ref>https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/</ref>. It overlooks the large construction operation at the end of the TMX pipeline.

The project is led by members of the Tsleil Waututh nation. It serves as a place to keep watch over their enemies and threats to their territory. It is grounded in cultural traditional and in spiritual practice. The watch house provides a way to connect back to old teachings and knowledge of spiritual leaders and elders in the community <ref name="thisspace" />.

== Dakota access pipeline ==
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is an oil pipeline which begins in North Dakota on the territory of the Sioux and [http://www.cheyennenation.com/ Cheyenne] and running south to Illinois, ending on the territory of the [http://www.miamiindians.org/ Miami] and [https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/ Osage].

This pipeline was met with continued resistance movements by indigenous groups, centered around the Standing Rock reservation of the Sioux nation. Mauai, whose mother is from Standing Rock, sees the pipeline as a "threat to our source for clean water, the source of our well-being" <ref name="mauai">Mauai, Brandon. “Standing Up for Standing Rock.” Anglican Theological Review, vol. 100, no. 1, Wint 2018, pp. 140–142. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLAiGW7180228000135&site=ehost-live&scope=site.</ref>. The project was met with a continued occupation and blocking of construction by indigenous led groups at Standing Rock. These protestors were forcibly removed and attacked with rubber bullets and water cannons by the military<ref name="deroin">DeRoin, David, and Ritchie Eppink. "Resistance Is Ceremony: Legal Support at Standing Rock and beyond." Advocate (Idaho State Bar), vol. 61, no. 9, September 2018, pp. 25-28. HeinOnline.</ref>. This demonstrates the continued presence of colonial violence in a post-colonial society. Furthermore, there is an implicit "environmental racism and social injustice" in the pipelines route, as it avoids settler communities like Bismarck, while passing through unceded Indian land.

DeRoin and Eppink who provided legal support at Standing Rock see this action as part of a tradition of resistance to colonial occupation<ref name="deroin" />. They echo the words they heard in orientation at Standing Rock

<blockquote>"Indigenous history in the americas is one of <u>uninterrupted</u> resistance to colonisation, from 1492 to today. You may be unaware of this history or not recognise the forms it takes in indigenous cultures."</blockquote>

This sentiment means resistance practice overlaps with the idea of indigenous resurgence. In resistance efforts like Standing Rock, the strength and persistence of indigenous culture against colonialism is affirmed. Indigenous resistance efforts are not isolated, but part of a historic pattern of action. Acknowledging this continuity of resistance is crucial, as it acknowledges that colonisation has never stopped on indigenous land.

== Implications for environmental activism ==
These forms of resistance draw attention to the intersection between environmental activism and decolonization. Deem discusses this in their paper "Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement" <ref name="deem">Deem, Alexandra. “Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement.” Theory, Culture & Society, Nov. 2018, doi:10.1177/0263276418807002.</ref>. They look at the complexity that exists in digital activist spaces. Particularly at the "#NoDAPL" hashtag in which tweets for "environmental accountability figure nearly as frequently as calls for Indigenous rights" <ref name="deem" />. The two issues clearly interact and intersect, but the interaction is blurred by the vastness of the space.

On the surface it is possible to construct environmental activism and indigenous resurgence as two issues which can exist separately. But Deem rightly problematises this approach. By separating these movements it generates a colonial ecological activism which ignores indigenous sovereignty and environmental practice. This activism prioritizes colonial 'climate science' over ancestral knowledge of indigenous people.

I want to affirm in this article the importance of centering indigenous resistance when talking about or engaging in environmental activism. Environmental movements are inherently intertwined with colonialism as they seek to dictate what is 'good' for the land. In this way, we need to be critical of environmental action that doesn't center indigenous people and knowledge. These movements are very likely repeating a pattern of colonial violence onto the land, by devaluing indigenous activism.

== Further reading ==
* Estes, Nick, and Jaskiran Dhillon. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement. University of Minnesota Press, 2019.

== External links ==
* [https://native-land.ca/ Native Land] website for finding finding traditional territories of indigenous nations, languages, and treaties.
* [http://tinyhousewarriors.com/ Tiny House Warriors]
* [https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/ Kwekwecnewtxw]

== References ==
<references />

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-02T14:16:30Z

NoahHeyl: /* Implications for environmental activism */

<div style="position: relative; border: 3px solid #002145; margin: 5px;">
<div style="background: #002145; color: white; padding: 5px; padding-left: 8px;"><big>Land acknowledgement</big></div>
<div style="padding: 8px;">This article was written on the stolen land of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Watuth). In talking about broader indigenous resistence movements on turtle island, its crucial to acknowledge the importance of land and place. And in doing so lift up the particular sovereignty of local nations.
</div>
</div>
<br>
'''Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects''' has become a common pattern both locally and throughout turtle island. These resistance actions are often framed around the "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" which establishes the legal right of indigenous people to both actively participate in projects on their territory and oppose them. While UNDRIP provides a legal framing, it is also important to consider the importance of these actions as enforcing indigenous sovereignty and place them within a larger indigenous resurgence movement.

__TOC__

== UNDRIP ==

<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner">
{{#widget:YouTube|id=YY4kBDMoHgw|height=315|width=450}}<br/>
<p><i>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: a conversation with experts.</i> <br>CC are available in the Youtube video.<br/>
</p></div></div>

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a starting point for understanding the obligations colonial governments have to indigenous nations. It "constitute[s] the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.” <ref name="undrip">https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf</ref>. It was adopted as a policy by the UN in 2007, but not by Canada until 2016<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/canada-adopting-implementing-un-rights-declaration-1.3575272</ref>.

UNDRIP goes beyond the idea of a consultation based model toward a model of free, prior, and informed consent<ref name="dapl-con">Mengden, Walter H. “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CONSULTATION: THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE.” American Indian Law Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 441–466. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26492269.</ref>. Under UNDRIP indigenous groups have the right to not only be consulted, but to actively oppose extractivist projects on their territories. UNDRIP provides this particularly through the right to

* self-determination (Article 1)
* to be free from forced relocation (Article 10)
* to participate in decision making (Article 18, 19)
* and to their traditional territories (Article 26)<ref name="undrip" />

These rights taken together help move indigenous groups from "solely victims to actors, and from objects of protection to subjects of rights" <ref name="felipe">Felipe Gómez Isa (2019) The UNDRIP: an increasingly robust legal parameter,The International Journal of Human Rights, 23:1-2, 7-21, DOI: 10.1080/13642987.2019.1568994</ref>. In doing so, UNDRIP exists in opposition to past colonial legal documents. Particularly the "Doctrine of Discovery" which gave colonial powers the rights to land held by indigenous people <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030506/http://www.historytools.org/sources/Johnson-v-MIntosh.pdf</ref>.

However, UNDRIP is still only a paper document produced by a colonial institution. It has little weight if not taken into practice. Ultimately the rights accorded to indigenous nations under UNDRIP only matter if nations are able to force their colonial government to respect UNDRIP. This usually means expensive court cases which is a financial barrier.

== Trans mountain pipeline ==
The TMX pipeline expansion is an ongoing project to lay a new 980km pipeline along the route of the existing trans mountain pipeline <ref name="transmount">https://www.transmountain.com/project-overview</ref>. This route crosses the traditional territories of several indigenous nations in Alberta and British Columbia.

The project was proposed in 2012 to the national energy board and has been subject to legal challenges since <ref>https://www.transmountain.com/regulatory-process</ref>. On June 18th 2019, the NEB approved the project after it had been halted due to safety concerns <ref>https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/trnsmntnxpnsn/mdsttmnt2019-06-18-eng.html</ref>.

=== The Tiny House Warriors ===
[[File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg|thumb|Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".]]
The Tiny House Warriors project is an organization that seeks to assert the traditional territory and law of the Secwepemc people<ref name="thisspace">Cantieri, Janice. "THIS SPACE HERE." BC Studies.198 (2018): 7. ProQuest. Web. 1 Aug. 2019.</ref>. Secwepemc territory has never been ceded or surrendered. The Tiny House Warriors therefore hold that "the Trans Mountain Pipeline project and any other corporate colonial project that seeks to go through and destroy our 180,000 square km of unceded territory will be refused passage" <ref>http://tinyhousewarriors.com/</ref>.

They enact resistance by building small houses along the route of the pipeline. These houses serve as little villages which will need to be forcibly removed in order to continue construction. In forcibly removing these indigenous tiny houses, the government publicly reinforces its colonial agenda. The removal of these houses deliberately evokes the forced removal and relocation of indigenous people from their territory. This emphasizes the hollowness of the Canadian governments promises of reconciliation.

The Tiny House Warriors was founded by Kanahus Manuel and is led by indigenous women.

=== Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House ===
[[File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg|thumb|Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain. A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House".]]

The watch house or Kwekwecnewtxw (henqeminem for "a place to watch from") is a traditional structure built at the tanker farm on burnaby mountain <ref>https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/</ref>. It overlooks the large construction operation at the end of the TMX pipeline.

The project is led by members of the Tsleil Waututh nation. It serves as a place to keep watch over their enemies and threats to their territory. It is grounded in cultural traditional and in spiritual practice. The watch house provides a way to connect back to old teachings and knowledge of spiritual leaders and elders in the community <ref name="thisspace" />.

== Dakota access pipeline ==
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is an oil pipeline which begins in North Dakota on the territory of the Sioux and [http://www.cheyennenation.com/ Cheyenne] and running south to Illinois, ending on the territory of the [http://www.miamiindians.org/ Miami] and [https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/ Osage].

This pipeline was met with continued resistance movements by indigenous groups, centered around the Standing Rock reservation of the Sioux nation. Mauai, whose mother is from Standing Rock, sees the pipeline as a "threat to our source for clean water, the source of our well-being" <ref name="mauai">Mauai, Brandon. “Standing Up for Standing Rock.” Anglican Theological Review, vol. 100, no. 1, Wint 2018, pp. 140–142. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLAiGW7180228000135&site=ehost-live&scope=site.</ref>. The project was met with a continued occupation and blocking of construction by indigenous led groups at Standing Rock. These protestors were forcibly removed and attacked with rubber bullets and water cannons by the military<ref name="deroin">DeRoin, David, and Ritchie Eppink. "Resistance Is Ceremony: Legal Support at Standing Rock and beyond." Advocate (Idaho State Bar), vol. 61, no. 9, September 2018, pp. 25-28. HeinOnline.</ref>. This demonstrates the continued presence of colonial violence in a post-colonial society. Furthermore, there is an implicit "environmental racism and social injustice" in the pipelines route, as it avoids settler communities like Bismarck, while passing through unceded Indian land.

DeRoin and Eppink who provided legal support at Standing Rock see this action as part of a tradition of resistance to colonial occupation<ref name="deroin" />. They echo the words they heard in orientation at Standing Rock

<blockquote>"Indigenous history in the americas is one of <u>uninterrupted</u> resistance to colonisation, from 1492 to today. You may be unaware of this history or not recognise the forms it takes in indigenous cultures."</blockquote>

This sentiment means resistance practice overlaps with the idea of indigenous resurgence. In resistance efforts like Standing Rock, the strength and persistence of indigenous culture against colonialism is affirmed. Indigenous resistance efforts are not isolated, but part of a historic pattern of action. Acknowledging this continuity of resistance is crucial, as it acknowledges that colonisation has never stopped on indigenous land.

== Implications for environmental activism ==
These forms of resistance draw attention to the intersection between environmental activism and decolonization. Deem discusses this in their paper "Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement" <ref name="deem">Deem, Alexandra. “Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement.” Theory, Culture & Society, Nov. 2018, doi:10.1177/0263276418807002.</ref>. They look at the complexity that exists in digital activist spaces. Particularly at the "#NoDAPL" hashtag in which tweets for "environmental accountability figure nearly as frequently as calls for Indigenous rights" <ref name="deem" />. The two issues clearly interact and intersect, but the interaction is blurred by the vastness of the space.

On the surface it is possible to construct environmental activism and indigenous resurgence as two issues which can exist separately. But Deem rightly problematises this approach. By separating these movements it generates a colonial ecological activism which ignores indigenous sovereignty and environmental practice. This activism prioritizes colonial 'climate science' over ancestral knowledge of indigenous people.

I want to affirm in this article the importance of centering indigenous resistance when talking about or engaging in environmental activism. Environmental movements are inherently intertwined with colonialism as they seek to dictate what is 'good' for the land. In this way, we need to be critical of environmental action that doesn't center indigenous people and knowledge. These movements are very likely repeating a pattern of colonial violence onto the land, by devaluing indigenous activism.

== Further reading ==
* Estes, Nick, and Jaskiran Dhillon. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement. University of Minnesota Press, 2019.

== External links ==
* [https://native-land.ca/ Native Land] website for finding finding traditional territories of indigenous nations, languages, and treaties.
* [http://tinyhousewarriors.com/ Tiny House Warriors]
* [https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/ Kwekwecnewtxw]

== References ==
<references />

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-02T14:15:05Z

NoahHeyl: /* Implications for environmental activism */

<div style="position: relative; border: 3px solid #002145; margin: 5px;">
<div style="background: #002145; color: white; padding: 5px; padding-left: 8px;"><big>Land acknowledgement</big></div>
<div style="padding: 8px;">This article was written on the stolen land of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Watuth). In talking about broader indigenous resistence movements on turtle island, its crucial to acknowledge the importance of land and place. And in doing so lift up the particular sovereignty of local nations.
</div>
</div>
<br>
'''Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects''' has become a common pattern both locally and throughout turtle island. These resistance actions are often framed around the "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" which establishes the legal right of indigenous people to both actively participate in projects on their territory and oppose them. While UNDRIP provides a legal framing, it is also important to consider the importance of these actions as enforcing indigenous sovereignty and place them within a larger indigenous resurgence movement.

__TOC__

== UNDRIP ==

<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner">
{{#widget:YouTube|id=YY4kBDMoHgw|height=315|width=450}}<br/>
<p><i>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: a conversation with experts.</i> <br>CC are available in the Youtube video.<br/>
</p></div></div>

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a starting point for understanding the obligations colonial governments have to indigenous nations. It "constitute[s] the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.” <ref name="undrip">https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf</ref>. It was adopted as a policy by the UN in 2007, but not by Canada until 2016<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/canada-adopting-implementing-un-rights-declaration-1.3575272</ref>.

UNDRIP goes beyond the idea of a consultation based model toward a model of free, prior, and informed consent<ref name="dapl-con">Mengden, Walter H. “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CONSULTATION: THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE.” American Indian Law Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 441–466. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26492269.</ref>. Under UNDRIP indigenous groups have the right to not only be consulted, but to actively oppose extractivist projects on their territories. UNDRIP provides this particularly through the right to

* self-determination (Article 1)
* to be free from forced relocation (Article 10)
* to participate in decision making (Article 18, 19)
* and to their traditional territories (Article 26)<ref name="undrip" />

These rights taken together help move indigenous groups from "solely victims to actors, and from objects of protection to subjects of rights" <ref name="felipe">Felipe Gómez Isa (2019) The UNDRIP: an increasingly robust legal parameter,The International Journal of Human Rights, 23:1-2, 7-21, DOI: 10.1080/13642987.2019.1568994</ref>. In doing so, UNDRIP exists in opposition to past colonial legal documents. Particularly the "Doctrine of Discovery" which gave colonial powers the rights to land held by indigenous people <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030506/http://www.historytools.org/sources/Johnson-v-MIntosh.pdf</ref>.

However, UNDRIP is still only a paper document produced by a colonial institution. It has little weight if not taken into practice. Ultimately the rights accorded to indigenous nations under UNDRIP only matter if nations are able to force their colonial government to respect UNDRIP. This usually means expensive court cases which is a financial barrier.

== Trans mountain pipeline ==
The TMX pipeline expansion is an ongoing project to lay a new 980km pipeline along the route of the existing trans mountain pipeline <ref name="transmount">https://www.transmountain.com/project-overview</ref>. This route crosses the traditional territories of several indigenous nations in Alberta and British Columbia.

The project was proposed in 2012 to the national energy board and has been subject to legal challenges since <ref>https://www.transmountain.com/regulatory-process</ref>. On June 18th 2019, the NEB approved the project after it had been halted due to safety concerns <ref>https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/trnsmntnxpnsn/mdsttmnt2019-06-18-eng.html</ref>.

=== The Tiny House Warriors ===
[[File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg|thumb|Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".]]
The Tiny House Warriors project is an organization that seeks to assert the traditional territory and law of the Secwepemc people<ref name="thisspace">Cantieri, Janice. "THIS SPACE HERE." BC Studies.198 (2018): 7. ProQuest. Web. 1 Aug. 2019.</ref>. Secwepemc territory has never been ceded or surrendered. The Tiny House Warriors therefore hold that "the Trans Mountain Pipeline project and any other corporate colonial project that seeks to go through and destroy our 180,000 square km of unceded territory will be refused passage" <ref>http://tinyhousewarriors.com/</ref>.

They enact resistance by building small houses along the route of the pipeline. These houses serve as little villages which will need to be forcibly removed in order to continue construction. In forcibly removing these indigenous tiny houses, the government publicly reinforces its colonial agenda. The removal of these houses deliberately evokes the forced removal and relocation of indigenous people from their territory. This emphasizes the hollowness of the Canadian governments promises of reconciliation.

The Tiny House Warriors was founded by Kanahus Manuel and is led by indigenous women.

=== Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House ===
[[File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg|thumb|Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain. A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House".]]

The watch house or Kwekwecnewtxw (henqeminem for "a place to watch from") is a traditional structure built at the tanker farm on burnaby mountain <ref>https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/</ref>. It overlooks the large construction operation at the end of the TMX pipeline.

The project is led by members of the Tsleil Waututh nation. It serves as a place to keep watch over their enemies and threats to their territory. It is grounded in cultural traditional and in spiritual practice. The watch house provides a way to connect back to old teachings and knowledge of spiritual leaders and elders in the community <ref name="thisspace" />.

== Dakota access pipeline ==
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is an oil pipeline which begins in North Dakota on the territory of the Sioux and [http://www.cheyennenation.com/ Cheyenne] and running south to Illinois, ending on the territory of the [http://www.miamiindians.org/ Miami] and [https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/ Osage].

This pipeline was met with continued resistance movements by indigenous groups, centered around the Standing Rock reservation of the Sioux nation. Mauai, whose mother is from Standing Rock, sees the pipeline as a "threat to our source for clean water, the source of our well-being" <ref name="mauai">Mauai, Brandon. “Standing Up for Standing Rock.” Anglican Theological Review, vol. 100, no. 1, Wint 2018, pp. 140–142. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLAiGW7180228000135&site=ehost-live&scope=site.</ref>. The project was met with a continued occupation and blocking of construction by indigenous led groups at Standing Rock. These protestors were forcibly removed and attacked with rubber bullets and water cannons by the military<ref name="deroin">DeRoin, David, and Ritchie Eppink. "Resistance Is Ceremony: Legal Support at Standing Rock and beyond." Advocate (Idaho State Bar), vol. 61, no. 9, September 2018, pp. 25-28. HeinOnline.</ref>. This demonstrates the continued presence of colonial violence in a post-colonial society. Furthermore, there is an implicit "environmental racism and social injustice" in the pipelines route, as it avoids settler communities like Bismarck, while passing through unceded Indian land.

DeRoin and Eppink who provided legal support at Standing Rock see this action as part of a tradition of resistance to colonial occupation<ref name="deroin" />. They echo the words they heard in orientation at Standing Rock

<blockquote>"Indigenous history in the americas is one of <u>uninterrupted</u> resistance to colonisation, from 1492 to today. You may be unaware of this history or not recognise the forms it takes in indigenous cultures."</blockquote>

This sentiment means resistance practice overlaps with the idea of indigenous resurgence. In resistance efforts like Standing Rock, the strength and persistence of indigenous culture against colonialism is affirmed. Indigenous resistance efforts are not isolated, but part of a historic pattern of action. Acknowledging this continuity of resistance is crucial, as it acknowledges that colonisation has never stopped on indigenous land.

== Implications for environmental activism ==
These forms of resistance draw attention to the intersection between environmental activism and decolonization. Deem discusses this in their paper "Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement" <ref name="deem">Deem, Alexandra. “Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement.” Theory, Culture & Society, Nov. 2018, doi:10.1177/0263276418807002.</ref>. They look at the complexity that exists in digital activist spaces. Particularly at the "#NoDAPL" hashtag in which tweets for "environmental accountability figure nearly as frequently as calls for Indigenous rights" <ref name="deem" />. The two issues clearly interact and intersect, but the interaction is blurred by the vastness of the space.

On the surface it is possible to construct environmental activism and indigenous resurgence as two issues which can exist separately. But Deem rightly problematises this approach. By separating these movements it generates a colonial ecological activism which ignores indigenous sovereignty and environmental practice. This activism prioritizes colonial 'climate science' over ancestral knowledge of indigenous people.

I want to affirm in this article the importance of centering indigenous resistance when talking resource extraction as they are the original stewards of turtle island. Environmental movements are inherently intertwined with colonialism as they seek to dictate what is 'good' for the land. In this way, we need to be critical of environmental action that doesn't center indigenous people and knowledge. These movements are very likely repeating a pattern of colonial violence onto the land, by devaluing indigenous activism.

== Further reading ==
* Estes, Nick, and Jaskiran Dhillon. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement. University of Minnesota Press, 2019.

== External links ==
* [https://native-land.ca/ Native Land] website for finding finding traditional territories of indigenous nations, languages, and treaties.
* [http://tinyhousewarriors.com/ Tiny House Warriors]
* [https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/ Kwekwecnewtxw]

== References ==
<references />

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-02T14:09:17Z

NoahHeyl: added DAPL stuff

<div style="position: relative; border: 3px solid #002145; margin: 5px;">
<div style="background: #002145; color: white; padding: 5px; padding-left: 8px;"><big>Land acknowledgement</big></div>
<div style="padding: 8px;">This article was written on the stolen land of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Watuth). In talking about broader indigenous resistence movements on turtle island, its crucial to acknowledge the importance of land and place. And in doing so lift up the particular sovereignty of local nations.
</div>
</div>
<br>
'''Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects''' has become a common pattern both locally and throughout turtle island. These resistance actions are often framed around the "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" which establishes the legal right of indigenous people to both actively participate in projects on their territory and oppose them. While UNDRIP provides a legal framing, it is also important to consider the importance of these actions as enforcing indigenous sovereignty and place them within a larger indigenous resurgence movement.

__TOC__

== UNDRIP ==

<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner">
{{#widget:YouTube|id=YY4kBDMoHgw|height=315|width=450}}<br/>
<p><i>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: a conversation with experts.</i> <br>CC are available in the Youtube video.<br/>
</p></div></div>

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a starting point for understanding the obligations colonial governments have to indigenous nations. It "constitute[s] the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.” <ref name="undrip">https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf</ref>. It was adopted as a policy by the UN in 2007, but not by Canada until 2016<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/canada-adopting-implementing-un-rights-declaration-1.3575272</ref>.

UNDRIP goes beyond the idea of a consultation based model toward a model of free, prior, and informed consent<ref name="dapl-con">Mengden, Walter H. “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CONSULTATION: THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE.” American Indian Law Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 441–466. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26492269.</ref>. Under UNDRIP indigenous groups have the right to not only be consulted, but to actively oppose extractivist projects on their territories. UNDRIP provides this particularly through the right to

* self-determination (Article 1)
* to be free from forced relocation (Article 10)
* to participate in decision making (Article 18, 19)
* and to their traditional territories (Article 26)<ref name="undrip" />

These rights taken together help move indigenous groups from "solely victims to actors, and from objects of protection to subjects of rights" <ref name="felipe">Felipe Gómez Isa (2019) The UNDRIP: an increasingly robust legal parameter,The International Journal of Human Rights, 23:1-2, 7-21, DOI: 10.1080/13642987.2019.1568994</ref>. In doing so, UNDRIP exists in opposition to past colonial legal documents. Particularly the "Doctrine of Discovery" which gave colonial powers the rights to land held by indigenous people <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030506/http://www.historytools.org/sources/Johnson-v-MIntosh.pdf</ref>.

However, UNDRIP is still only a paper document produced by a colonial institution. It has little weight if not taken into practice. Ultimately the rights accorded to indigenous nations under UNDRIP only matter if nations are able to force their colonial government to respect UNDRIP. This usually means expensive court cases which is a financial barrier.

== Trans mountain pipeline ==
The TMX pipeline expansion is an ongoing project to lay a new 980km pipeline along the route of the existing trans mountain pipeline <ref name="transmount">https://www.transmountain.com/project-overview</ref>. This route crosses the traditional territories of several indigenous nations in Alberta and British Columbia.

The project was proposed in 2012 to the national energy board and has been subject to legal challenges since <ref>https://www.transmountain.com/regulatory-process</ref>. On June 18th 2019, the NEB approved the project after it had been halted due to safety concerns <ref>https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/trnsmntnxpnsn/mdsttmnt2019-06-18-eng.html</ref>.

=== The Tiny House Warriors ===
[[File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg|thumb|Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".]]
The Tiny House Warriors project is an organization that seeks to assert the traditional territory and law of the Secwepemc people<ref name="thisspace">Cantieri, Janice. "THIS SPACE HERE." BC Studies.198 (2018): 7. ProQuest. Web. 1 Aug. 2019.</ref>. Secwepemc territory has never been ceded or surrendered. The Tiny House Warriors therefore hold that "the Trans Mountain Pipeline project and any other corporate colonial project that seeks to go through and destroy our 180,000 square km of unceded territory will be refused passage" <ref>http://tinyhousewarriors.com/</ref>.

They enact resistance by building small houses along the route of the pipeline. These houses serve as little villages which will need to be forcibly removed in order to continue construction. In forcibly removing these indigenous tiny houses, the government publicly reinforces its colonial agenda. The removal of these houses deliberately evokes the forced removal and relocation of indigenous people from their territory. This emphasizes the hollowness of the Canadian governments promises of reconciliation.

The Tiny House Warriors was founded by Kanahus Manuel and is led by indigenous women.

=== Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House ===
[[File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg|thumb|Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain. A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House".]]

The watch house or Kwekwecnewtxw (henqeminem for "a place to watch from") is a traditional structure built at the tanker farm on burnaby mountain <ref>https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/</ref>. It overlooks the large construction operation at the end of the TMX pipeline.

The project is led by members of the Tsleil Waututh nation. It serves as a place to keep watch over their enemies and threats to their territory. It is grounded in cultural traditional and in spiritual practice. The watch house provides a way to connect back to old teachings and knowledge of spiritual leaders and elders in the community <ref name="thisspace" />.

== Dakota access pipeline ==
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is an oil pipeline which begins in North Dakota on the territory of the Sioux and [http://www.cheyennenation.com/ Cheyenne] and running south to Illinois, ending on the territory of the [http://www.miamiindians.org/ Miami] and [https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/ Osage].

This pipeline was met with continued resistance movements by indigenous groups, centered around the Standing Rock reservation of the Sioux nation. Mauai, whose mother is from Standing Rock, sees the pipeline as a "threat to our source for clean water, the source of our well-being" <ref name="mauai">Mauai, Brandon. “Standing Up for Standing Rock.” Anglican Theological Review, vol. 100, no. 1, Wint 2018, pp. 140–142. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLAiGW7180228000135&site=ehost-live&scope=site.</ref>. The project was met with a continued occupation and blocking of construction by indigenous led groups at Standing Rock. These protestors were forcibly removed and attacked with rubber bullets and water cannons by the military<ref name="deroin">DeRoin, David, and Ritchie Eppink. "Resistance Is Ceremony: Legal Support at Standing Rock and beyond." Advocate (Idaho State Bar), vol. 61, no. 9, September 2018, pp. 25-28. HeinOnline.</ref>. This demonstrates the continued presence of colonial violence in a post-colonial society. Furthermore, there is an implicit "environmental racism and social injustice" in the pipelines route, as it avoids settler communities like Bismarck, while passing through unceded Indian land.

DeRoin and Eppink who provided legal support at Standing Rock see this action as part of a tradition of resistance to colonial occupation<ref name="deroin" />. They echo the words they heard in orientation at Standing Rock

<blockquote>"Indigenous history in the americas is one of <u>uninterrupted</u> resistance to colonisation, from 1492 to today. You may be unaware of this history or not recognise the forms it takes in indigenous cultures."</blockquote>

This sentiment means resistance practice overlaps with the idea of indigenous resurgence. In resistance efforts like Standing Rock, the strength and persistence of indigenous culture against colonialism is affirmed. Indigenous resistance efforts are not isolated, but part of a historic pattern of action. Acknowledging this continuity of resistance is crucial, as it acknowledges that colonisation has never stopped on indigenous land.

== Implications for environmental activism ==
These forms of resistance draw attention to the intersection between environmental activism and decolonization. Deem discusses this in their paper "Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement" <ref name="deem">Deem, Alexandra. “Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement.” Theory, Culture & Society, Nov. 2018, doi:10.1177/0263276418807002.</ref>. They look at the complexity that exists in digital activist spaces. Particularly at the "#NoDAPL" hashtag in which tweets for "environmental accountability figure nearly as frequently as calls for Indigenous rights" <ref name="deem" />. The two issues clearly interact and intersect, but the interaction is blurred by the vastness of the space.

On the surface it is possible to construct environmental activism and indigenous resurgence as two issues which can exist separately. But Deem rightly problematises this approach. By separating these movements it generates a colonial ecological activism which ignores indigenous sovereignty and environmental practice. This activism prioritizes colonial 'climate science' instead over ancestral knowledge of indigenous people.

It is important to center indigenous resistance when talking about resource extraction as they are the original stewards of turtle island.
Doing so helps decolonizes place by moving power from settler activists and onto indigenous folks.
In this way its important to be critical of environmental action that doesn't center indigenous people in decisions regarding their territories, as it is likely colonialist.

== Further reading ==
* Estes, Nick, and Jaskiran Dhillon. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement. University of Minnesota Press, 2019.

== External links ==
* [https://native-land.ca/ Native Land] website for finding finding traditional territories of indigenous nations, languages, and treaties.
* [http://tinyhousewarriors.com/ Tiny House Warriors]
* [https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/ Kwekwecnewtxw]

== References ==
<references />

GRSJ224

2019-08-02T13:07:38Z

NoahHeyl: fixing

BiThis '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.

=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===

To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/27830/files/4186290/download?wrap=1 here].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif ||
* Read: [https://library.educause.edu/~/media/files/library/2005/7/eli7004-pdf.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]
* Choose a term from the table of contents
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''
* Set up your wiki page.
* Instructions on how to use the Visual Editor on UBC Wikis: [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Visual_Editor Help:Visual Editor]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited
* Proofread your Wiki

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif ||
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif ||
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]
* Write content relevant to class material.
* Tailor your page to your audience.
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].
|}

'''Helpful Links:'''
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/racialdiscrimination Embed a Video]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]

=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===

{| width="100%" class="wikitable" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;" border="1" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====
* [[Voter Suppression in the United States]]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/The_Fight_For_Democracy_in_Hong_Kong#The_Fight_For_Democracy_in_Hong_Kong The Fight for Democracy in Hong Kong]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects|Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects]]
* [[ Persistance of White Privilege in Post-Colonial Kenya]]
* [[Post-Colonial Hong Kong Identity]]
* [[Police Brutality Against Indigenous Youth|Police Misconduct Against Indigenous Youth]]
* [[Indigenous Youth Under the Care of Child Services]]
* [[Persistence of Colonial Practices in Canada against Indigenous communities]]
* [[Language Power In Post-Colonial Hong Kong]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China|GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China]]
* [[Teenage Pregnancy in China|Teenage Pregnancy in China]]
* [[Reproductive Choices for HIV Positive Men and Women]]
* [[GRSJ224/Criminalization of Pregnancy|Criminalization of Pregnancy]]
* [[Forced Sterilization of People with Disabilities in North America|Forced Sterilization of Individuals with Disabilities in British Columbia]]
*
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====
* [[Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada|Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada]]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page Sri Lankan Tamil People Join the We]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page stern World]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/The_Injustice_in_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_in_the_United_States The Injustice in Immigration and Cu]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/The_Injustice_in_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_in_the_United_States stoms Enforcement in the United States]
* [[GRSJ224/Canada Federal Skilled Workers Program Victimizes And Discriminates Against Visible Minorities]]
* [[Linguistic Discrimination Against Immigrants in Canada]]
* [[GRSJ224/Challenges that Children of Immigrants Face in Canada|Challenges that Children of Immigra]]<nowiki/>[[GRSJ224/Challenges that Children of Immigrants Face in Canada|nts Face in Canada]]
* [[Struggles of Resettled Refugees]]
* [[GRSJ224/Migrant Workers In Canada|GRSJ224/MigrantWorkersInCanada]]
* [[Canadian Immigrants' Pension Inequality]]
* [[GRSJ224/Women in Migration]]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/_Changes_in_Immigration_Policies_after_9/11 Changes in Immigration Policies after 9/11]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2>====
* [[The Issue with Feminism: White Feminism]]
* [[Rape Culture in Fraternities]]
* Radical [https://wiki.ubc.ca/UBC_Wiki:Http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/radicalfeminism Feminism]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/iscanadafeminist Is Canada Feminist?]
* [[Feminism and Media]]
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Discrimination</span></h2>====
* [[Discrimination Against Asian Americans]]
* [[Discrimination Against Indigenous Youth in the Education System]]
* [[The Confrontation of Heterosexism in Vietnam]]
* [[GRSJ224_Racial_and_Gender_Oppression_of_Black,_African_Women#Blackness|Racial and Gender Oppression of Black, African Women ]]
* [[Discrimination Against LGBT Refugees in Canada]]
* [[Caste Discrimination in India]]
*[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Inequality_and_injustice_in_the_US_criminal_justice_system Inequality and injustice in the US criminal justice system]
*[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Stigmatization_of_mental_health_in_Asian_Indian_communties?venotify=created#Stigma Stigmatization of Mental Health in Asian Indian Communities]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Discrimination_in_Movies_and_Acting# Discrimination in Movies and Acting]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Discrimination_against_Transgender_and_Nonbinary_Peoples_in_Pakistan Discrimination against Transgender and nonbinary peoples in Pakistan]
* [[Sexism in Canadian media|Sexism in Canadian Media]]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Aboriginal_Income_Disparity_In_Canada Aboriginal Income Disparity In Canada]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Model-Minority-Myth The Model Minority Myth]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Masculinity</span></h2>====
* [[Masculinity and Smoking]]
* [[Violence and Mental Health]]
* [[Muscles Defining Masculinity]]
* [[Aging and Masculinity]]
* [[Black Masculinity]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
|-

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Medicalization</span></h2>====
* [[The Medicalization of Aging Bodies]]
* [[Medicalization of Korean Beauty in Pop Culture]]
* [[GRSJ224/Medicalization of Obesity and Fitness]]
* [[Medicalization of Vancouver's Downtown Eastside]]
* [[Medicalization of Criminality in Society]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">LGBT Families</span></h2>====
* [[LGBTQ Children in Foster Care]]
* [[LGBTQ+ children in Immigrant Families]]
|
|
|}

===ARCHIVE===
Here is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students: [[GRSJ224/archive|Archive of Wiki pages]]

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-02T05:04:05Z

NoahHeyl: /* Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House */

<div style="position: relative; border: 3px solid #002145; margin: 5px;">
<div style="background: #002145; color: white; padding: 5px; padding-left: 8px;"><big>Land acknowledgement</big></div>
<div style="padding: 8px;">This article was written on the stolen land of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Watuth). In talking about broader indigenous resistence movements on turtle island, its crucial to acknowledge the importance of land and place. And in doing so lift up the particular sovereignty of local nations.
</div>
</div>
<br>
'''Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects''' has become a common pattern both locally and throughout turtle island. These resistance actions are often framed around the "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" which establishes the legal right of indigenous people to both actively participate in projects on their territory and oppose them. While UNDRIP provides a legal framing, it is also important to consider the importance of these actions as enforcing indigenous sovereignty and place them within a larger indigenous resurgence movement.

__TOC__

== UNDRIP ==

<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner">
{{#widget:YouTube|id=YY4kBDMoHgw|height=315|width=450}}<br/>
<p><i>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: a conversation with experts.</i> <br>CC are available in the Youtube video.<br/>
</p></div></div>

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a starting point for understanding the obligations colonial governments have to indigenous nations. It "constitute[s] the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.” <ref name="undrip">https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf</ref>. It was adopted as a policy by the UN in 2007, but not by Canada until 2016<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/canada-adopting-implementing-un-rights-declaration-1.3575272</ref>.

UNDRIP goes beyond the idea of a consultation based model toward a model of free, prior, and informed consent<ref name="dapl-con">Mengden, Walter H. “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CONSULTATION: THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE.” American Indian Law Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 441–466. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26492269.</ref>. Under UNDRIP indigenous groups have the right to not only be consulted, but to actively oppose extractivist projects on their territories. UNDRIP provides this particularly through the right to

* self-determination (Article 1)
* to be free from forced relocation (Article 10)
* to participate in decision making (Article 18, 19)
* and to their traditional territories (Article 26)<ref name="undrip" />

These rights taken together help move indigenous groups from "solely victims to actors, and from objects of protection to subjects of rights" <ref name="felipe">Felipe Gómez Isa (2019) The UNDRIP: an increasingly robust legal parameter,The International Journal of Human Rights, 23:1-2, 7-21, DOI: 10.1080/13642987.2019.1568994</ref>. In doing so, UNDRIP exists in opposition to past colonial legal documents. Particularly the "Doctrine of Discovery" which gave colonial powers the rights to land held by indigenous people <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030506/http://www.historytools.org/sources/Johnson-v-MIntosh.pdf</ref>.

However, UNDRIP is still only a paper document produced by a colonial institution. It has little weight if not taken into practice. Ultimately the rights accorded to indigenous nations under UNDRIP only matter if nations are able to force their colonial government to respect UNDRIP. This usually means expensive court cases which is a financial barrier.

== Resistance as sovereignty ==
Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects asserts indigenous legal practices and right to land. In resistance there is an opportunity for nations to exercise sovereignty.

== Resistance as resurgence ==

== Trans mountain pipeline ==
The TMX pipeline expansion is an ongoing project to lay a new 980km pipeline along the route of the existing trans mountain pipeline <ref name="transmount">https://www.transmountain.com/project-overview</ref>. This route crosses the traditional territories of several indigenous nations in Alberta and British Columbia.

The project was proposed in 2012 to the national energy board and has been subject to legal challenges since <ref>https://www.transmountain.com/regulatory-process</ref>. On June 18th 2019, the NEB approved the project after it had been halted due to safety concerns <ref>https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/trnsmntnxpnsn/mdsttmnt2019-06-18-eng.html</ref>.

=== The Tiny House Warriors ===
[[File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg|thumb|Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".]]
The Tiny House Warriors project is an organization that seeks to assert the traditional territory and law of the Secwepemc people<ref name="thisspace">Cantieri, Janice. "THIS SPACE HERE." BC Studies.198 (2018): 7. ProQuest. Web. 1 Aug. 2019.</ref>. Secwepemc territory has never been ceded or surrendered. The Tiny House Warriors therefore hold that "the Trans Mountain Pipeline project and any other corporate colonial project that seeks to go through and destroy our 180,000 square km of unceded territory will be refused passage" <ref>http://tinyhousewarriors.com/</ref>.

They enact resistance by building small houses along the route of the pipeline. These houses serve as little villages which will need to be forcibly removed in order to continue construction. In forcibly removing these indigenous tiny houses, the government publicly reinforces its colonial agenda. The removal of these houses deliberately evokes the forced removal and relocation of indigenous people from their territory. This emphasizes the hollowness of the Canadian governments promises of reconciliation.

The Tiny House Warriors was founded by Kanahus Manuel and is led by indigenous women.

=== Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House ===
[[File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg|thumb|Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain. A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House".]]

The watch house or Kwekwecnewtxw (henqeminem for "a place to watch from") is a traditional structure built at the tanker farm on burnaby mountain <ref>https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/</ref>. It overlooks the large construction operation at the end of the TMX pipeline.

The project is led by members of the Tsleil Waututh nation. It serves as a place to keep watch over their enemies and threats to their territory. It is grounded in cultural traditional and in spiritual practice. The watch house provides a way to connect back to old teachings and knowledge of spiritual leaders and elders in the community <ref name="thisspace" />.

== Dakota access pipeline ==
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is an oil pipeline which begins in North Dakota on the territory of the Sioux and [http://www.cheyennenation.com/ Cheyenne] and running south to Illinois, ending on the territory of the [http://www.miamiindians.org/ Miami] and [https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/ Osage].

== Implications for environmental activism ==
These forms of resistance draw attention to the intersection between environmental activism and decolonization. Deem discusses this in their paper "Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement" <ref name="deem">Deem, Alexandra. “Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement.” Theory, Culture & Society, Nov. 2018, doi:10.1177/0263276418807002.</ref>. They look at the complexity that exists in digital activist spaces. Particularly at the "#NoDAPL" hashtag in which tweets for "environmental accountability figure nearly as frequently as calls for Indigenous rights" <ref name="deem" />. The two issues clearly interact and intersect, but the interaction is blurred by the vastness of the space.

On the surface it is possible to construct environmental activism and indigenous resurgence as two issues which can exist separately. But Deem rightly problematises this approach. By separating these movements it generates a colonial ecological activism which ignores indigenous sovereignty and environmental practice. This activism prioritizes colonial 'climate science' instead over ancestral knowledge of indigenous people.

It is important to center indigenous resistance when talking about resource extraction as they are the original stewards of turtle island.
Doing so helps decolonizes place by moving power from settler activists and onto indigenous folks.
In this way its important to be critical of environmental action that doesn't center indigenous people in decisions regarding their territories, as it is likely colonialist.

== Further reading ==
* Estes, Nick, and Jaskiran Dhillon. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement. University of Minnesota Press, 2019.

== External links ==
* [https://native-land.ca/ Native Land] website for finding finding traditional territories of indigenous nations, languages, and treaties.
* [http://tinyhousewarriors.com/ Tiny House Warriors]
* [https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/ Kwekwecnewtxw]

== References ==
<references />

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-02T05:03:27Z

NoahHeyl: /* Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House */

<div style="position: relative; border: 3px solid #002145; margin: 5px;">
<div style="background: #002145; color: white; padding: 5px; padding-left: 8px;"><big>Land acknowledgement</big></div>
<div style="padding: 8px;">This article was written on the stolen land of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Watuth). In talking about broader indigenous resistence movements on turtle island, its crucial to acknowledge the importance of land and place. And in doing so lift up the particular sovereignty of local nations.
</div>
</div>
<br>
'''Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects''' has become a common pattern both locally and throughout turtle island. These resistance actions are often framed around the "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" which establishes the legal right of indigenous people to both actively participate in projects on their territory and oppose them. While UNDRIP provides a legal framing, it is also important to consider the importance of these actions as enforcing indigenous sovereignty and place them within a larger indigenous resurgence movement.

__TOC__

== UNDRIP ==

<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner">
{{#widget:YouTube|id=YY4kBDMoHgw|height=315|width=450}}<br/>
<p><i>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: a conversation with experts.</i> <br>CC are available in the Youtube video.<br/>
</p></div></div>

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a starting point for understanding the obligations colonial governments have to indigenous nations. It "constitute[s] the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.” <ref name="undrip">https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf</ref>. It was adopted as a policy by the UN in 2007, but not by Canada until 2016<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/canada-adopting-implementing-un-rights-declaration-1.3575272</ref>.

UNDRIP goes beyond the idea of a consultation based model toward a model of free, prior, and informed consent<ref name="dapl-con">Mengden, Walter H. “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CONSULTATION: THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE.” American Indian Law Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 441–466. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26492269.</ref>. Under UNDRIP indigenous groups have the right to not only be consulted, but to actively oppose extractivist projects on their territories. UNDRIP provides this particularly through the right to

* self-determination (Article 1)
* to be free from forced relocation (Article 10)
* to participate in decision making (Article 18, 19)
* and to their traditional territories (Article 26)<ref name="undrip" />

These rights taken together help move indigenous groups from "solely victims to actors, and from objects of protection to subjects of rights" <ref name="felipe">Felipe Gómez Isa (2019) The UNDRIP: an increasingly robust legal parameter,The International Journal of Human Rights, 23:1-2, 7-21, DOI: 10.1080/13642987.2019.1568994</ref>. In doing so, UNDRIP exists in opposition to past colonial legal documents. Particularly the "Doctrine of Discovery" which gave colonial powers the rights to land held by indigenous people <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030506/http://www.historytools.org/sources/Johnson-v-MIntosh.pdf</ref>.

However, UNDRIP is still only a paper document produced by a colonial institution. It has little weight if not taken into practice. Ultimately the rights accorded to indigenous nations under UNDRIP only matter if nations are able to force their colonial government to respect UNDRIP. This usually means expensive court cases which is a financial barrier.

== Resistance as sovereignty ==
Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects asserts indigenous legal practices and right to land. In resistance there is an opportunity for nations to exercise sovereignty.

== Resistance as resurgence ==

== Trans mountain pipeline ==
The TMX pipeline expansion is an ongoing project to lay a new 980km pipeline along the route of the existing trans mountain pipeline <ref name="transmount">https://www.transmountain.com/project-overview</ref>. This route crosses the traditional territories of several indigenous nations in Alberta and British Columbia.

The project was proposed in 2012 to the national energy board and has been subject to legal challenges since <ref>https://www.transmountain.com/regulatory-process</ref>. On June 18th 2019, the NEB approved the project after it had been halted due to safety concerns <ref>https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/trnsmntnxpnsn/mdsttmnt2019-06-18-eng.html</ref>.

=== The Tiny House Warriors ===
[[File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg|thumb|Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".]]
The Tiny House Warriors project is an organization that seeks to assert the traditional territory and law of the Secwepemc people<ref name="thisspace">Cantieri, Janice. "THIS SPACE HERE." BC Studies.198 (2018): 7. ProQuest. Web. 1 Aug. 2019.</ref>. Secwepemc territory has never been ceded or surrendered. The Tiny House Warriors therefore hold that "the Trans Mountain Pipeline project and any other corporate colonial project that seeks to go through and destroy our 180,000 square km of unceded territory will be refused passage" <ref>http://tinyhousewarriors.com/</ref>.

They enact resistance by building small houses along the route of the pipeline. These houses serve as little villages which will need to be forcibly removed in order to continue construction. In forcibly removing these indigenous tiny houses, the government publicly reinforces its colonial agenda. The removal of these houses deliberately evokes the forced removal and relocation of indigenous people from their territory. This emphasizes the hollowness of the Canadian governments promises of reconciliation.

The Tiny House Warriors was founded by Kanahus Manuel and is led by indigenous women.

=== Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House ===
[[File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg|thumb|Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain. A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House".]]

The watch house or Kwekwecnewtxw (henqeminem for "a place to watch from") is a traditional structure built at the tanker farm on burnaby mountain <ref>https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/</ref>. It overlooks the large construction operation at the end of the TMX pipeline.

The project is led by members of the Tsleil Waututh nation. It serves as a place to keep watch over their enemies and threats to their territory. It is grounded in an old cultural traditional and in spiritual practice. The watch house provides a way to connect back to old teachings and knowledge of spirtual leaders and elders in the community <ref name="thisspace" />.

== Dakota access pipeline ==
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is an oil pipeline which begins in North Dakota on the territory of the Sioux and [http://www.cheyennenation.com/ Cheyenne] and running south to Illinois, ending on the territory of the [http://www.miamiindians.org/ Miami] and [https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/ Osage].

== Implications for environmental activism ==
These forms of resistance draw attention to the intersection between environmental activism and decolonization. Deem discusses this in their paper "Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement" <ref name="deem">Deem, Alexandra. “Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement.” Theory, Culture & Society, Nov. 2018, doi:10.1177/0263276418807002.</ref>. They look at the complexity that exists in digital activist spaces. Particularly at the "#NoDAPL" hashtag in which tweets for "environmental accountability figure nearly as frequently as calls for Indigenous rights" <ref name="deem" />. The two issues clearly interact and intersect, but the interaction is blurred by the vastness of the space.

On the surface it is possible to construct environmental activism and indigenous resurgence as two issues which can exist separately. But Deem rightly problematises this approach. By separating these movements it generates a colonial ecological activism which ignores indigenous sovereignty and environmental practice. This activism prioritizes colonial 'climate science' instead over ancestral knowledge of indigenous people.

It is important to center indigenous resistance when talking about resource extraction as they are the original stewards of turtle island.
Doing so helps decolonizes place by moving power from settler activists and onto indigenous folks.
In this way its important to be critical of environmental action that doesn't center indigenous people in decisions regarding their territories, as it is likely colonialist.

== Further reading ==
* Estes, Nick, and Jaskiran Dhillon. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement. University of Minnesota Press, 2019.

== External links ==
* [https://native-land.ca/ Native Land] website for finding finding traditional territories of indigenous nations, languages, and treaties.
* [http://tinyhousewarriors.com/ Tiny House Warriors]
* [https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/ Kwekwecnewtxw]

== References ==
<references />

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-02T05:02:21Z

NoahHeyl: /* Implications for environmental activism */

<div style="position: relative; border: 3px solid #002145; margin: 5px;">
<div style="background: #002145; color: white; padding: 5px; padding-left: 8px;"><big>Land acknowledgement</big></div>
<div style="padding: 8px;">This article was written on the stolen land of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Watuth). In talking about broader indigenous resistence movements on turtle island, its crucial to acknowledge the importance of land and place. And in doing so lift up the particular sovereignty of local nations.
</div>
</div>
<br>
'''Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects''' has become a common pattern both locally and throughout turtle island. These resistance actions are often framed around the "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" which establishes the legal right of indigenous people to both actively participate in projects on their territory and oppose them. While UNDRIP provides a legal framing, it is also important to consider the importance of these actions as enforcing indigenous sovereignty and place them within a larger indigenous resurgence movement.

__TOC__

== UNDRIP ==

<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner">
{{#widget:YouTube|id=YY4kBDMoHgw|height=315|width=450}}<br/>
<p><i>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: a conversation with experts.</i> <br>CC are available in the Youtube video.<br/>
</p></div></div>

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a starting point for understanding the obligations colonial governments have to indigenous nations. It "constitute[s] the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.” <ref name="undrip">https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf</ref>. It was adopted as a policy by the UN in 2007, but not by Canada until 2016<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/canada-adopting-implementing-un-rights-declaration-1.3575272</ref>.

UNDRIP goes beyond the idea of a consultation based model toward a model of free, prior, and informed consent<ref name="dapl-con">Mengden, Walter H. “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CONSULTATION: THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE.” American Indian Law Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 441–466. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26492269.</ref>. Under UNDRIP indigenous groups have the right to not only be consulted, but to actively oppose extractivist projects on their territories. UNDRIP provides this particularly through the right to

* self-determination (Article 1)
* to be free from forced relocation (Article 10)
* to participate in decision making (Article 18, 19)
* and to their traditional territories (Article 26)<ref name="undrip" />

These rights taken together help move indigenous groups from "solely victims to actors, and from objects of protection to subjects of rights" <ref name="felipe">Felipe Gómez Isa (2019) The UNDRIP: an increasingly robust legal parameter,The International Journal of Human Rights, 23:1-2, 7-21, DOI: 10.1080/13642987.2019.1568994</ref>. In doing so, UNDRIP exists in opposition to past colonial legal documents. Particularly the "Doctrine of Discovery" which gave colonial powers the rights to land held by indigenous people <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030506/http://www.historytools.org/sources/Johnson-v-MIntosh.pdf</ref>.

However, UNDRIP is still only a paper document produced by a colonial institution. It has little weight if not taken into practice. Ultimately the rights accorded to indigenous nations under UNDRIP only matter if nations are able to force their colonial government to respect UNDRIP. This usually means expensive court cases which is a financial barrier.

== Resistance as sovereignty ==
Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects asserts indigenous legal practices and right to land. In resistance there is an opportunity for nations to exercise sovereignty.

== Resistance as resurgence ==

== Trans mountain pipeline ==
The TMX pipeline expansion is an ongoing project to lay a new 980km pipeline along the route of the existing trans mountain pipeline <ref name="transmount">https://www.transmountain.com/project-overview</ref>. This route crosses the traditional territories of several indigenous nations in Alberta and British Columbia.

The project was proposed in 2012 to the national energy board and has been subject to legal challenges since <ref>https://www.transmountain.com/regulatory-process</ref>. On June 18th 2019, the NEB approved the project after it had been halted due to safety concerns <ref>https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/trnsmntnxpnsn/mdsttmnt2019-06-18-eng.html</ref>.

=== The Tiny House Warriors ===
[[File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg|thumb|Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".]]
The Tiny House Warriors project is an organization that seeks to assert the traditional territory and law of the Secwepemc people<ref name="thisspace">Cantieri, Janice. "THIS SPACE HERE." BC Studies.198 (2018): 7. ProQuest. Web. 1 Aug. 2019.</ref>. Secwepemc territory has never been ceded or surrendered. The Tiny House Warriors therefore hold that "the Trans Mountain Pipeline project and any other corporate colonial project that seeks to go through and destroy our 180,000 square km of unceded territory will be refused passage" <ref>http://tinyhousewarriors.com/</ref>.

They enact resistance by building small houses along the route of the pipeline. These houses serve as little villages which will need to be forcibly removed in order to continue construction. In forcibly removing these indigenous tiny houses, the government publicly reinforces its colonial agenda. The removal of these houses deliberately evokes the forced removal and relocation of indigenous people from their territory. This emphasizes the hollowness of the Canadian governments promises of reconciliation.

The Tiny House Warriors was founded by Kanahus Manuel and is led by indigenous women.

=== Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House ===
[[File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg|thumb|Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain. A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House".]]

The watch house or Kwekwecnewtxw (henqeminem for "a place to watch from") is a traditional structure built on at the tanker farm on burnaby mountain <ref>https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/</ref>. It overlooks the large construction operation at the end of the TMX pipeline.

The project is led by members of the Tsleil Waututh nation. It serves as a place to keep watch over their enemies and threats to their territory. It is grounded in an old cultural traditional and in spiritual practice. The watch house provides a way to connect back to old teachings and knowledge of spirtual leaders and elders in the community <ref name="thisspace" />.

== Dakota access pipeline ==
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is an oil pipeline which begins in North Dakota on the territory of the Sioux and [http://www.cheyennenation.com/ Cheyenne] and running south to Illinois, ending on the territory of the [http://www.miamiindians.org/ Miami] and [https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/ Osage].

== Implications for environmental activism ==
These forms of resistance draw attention to the intersection between environmental activism and decolonization. Deem discusses this in their paper "Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement" <ref name="deem">Deem, Alexandra. “Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement.” Theory, Culture & Society, Nov. 2018, doi:10.1177/0263276418807002.</ref>. They look at the complexity that exists in digital activist spaces. Particularly at the "#NoDAPL" hashtag in which tweets for "environmental accountability figure nearly as frequently as calls for Indigenous rights" <ref name="deem" />. The two issues clearly interact and intersect, but the interaction is blurred by the vastness of the space.

On the surface it is possible to construct environmental activism and indigenous resurgence as two issues which can exist separately. But Deem rightly problematises this approach. By separating these movements it generates a colonial ecological activism which ignores indigenous sovereignty and environmental practice. This activism prioritizes colonial 'climate science' instead over ancestral knowledge of indigenous people.

It is important to center indigenous resistance when talking about resource extraction as they are the original stewards of turtle island.
Doing so helps decolonizes place by moving power from settler activists and onto indigenous folks.
In this way its important to be critical of environmental action that doesn't center indigenous people in decisions regarding their territories, as it is likely colonialist.

== Further reading ==
* Estes, Nick, and Jaskiran Dhillon. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement. University of Minnesota Press, 2019.

== External links ==
* [https://native-land.ca/ Native Land] website for finding finding traditional territories of indigenous nations, languages, and treaties.
* [http://tinyhousewarriors.com/ Tiny House Warriors]
* [https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/ Kwekwecnewtxw]

== References ==
<references />

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-02T02:08:13Z

NoahHeyl: /* Implications for environmental activism */

<div style="position: relative; border: 3px solid #002145; margin: 5px;">
<div style="background: #002145; color: white; padding: 5px; padding-left: 8px;"><big>Land acknowledgement</big></div>
<div style="padding: 8px;">This article was written on the stolen land of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Watuth). In talking about broader indigenous resistence movements on turtle island, its crucial to acknowledge the importance of land and place. And in doing so lift up the particular sovereignty of local nations.
</div>
</div>
<br>
'''Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects''' has become a common pattern both locally and throughout turtle island. These resistance actions are often framed around the "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" which establishes the legal right of indigenous people to both actively participate in projects on their territory and oppose them. While UNDRIP provides a legal framing, it is also important to consider the importance of these actions as enforcing indigenous sovereignty and place them within a larger indigenous resurgence movement.

__TOC__

== UNDRIP ==

<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner">
{{#widget:YouTube|id=YY4kBDMoHgw|height=315|width=450}}<br/>
<p><i>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: a conversation with experts.</i> <br>CC are available in the Youtube video.<br/>
</p></div></div>

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a starting point for understanding the obligations colonial governments have to indigenous nations. It "constitute[s] the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.” <ref name="undrip">https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf</ref>. It was adopted as a policy by the UN in 2007, but not by Canada until 2016<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/canada-adopting-implementing-un-rights-declaration-1.3575272</ref>.

UNDRIP goes beyond the idea of a consultation based model toward a model of free, prior, and informed consent<ref name="dapl-con">Mengden, Walter H. “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CONSULTATION: THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE.” American Indian Law Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 441–466. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26492269.</ref>. Under UNDRIP indigenous groups have the right to not only be consulted, but to actively oppose extractivist projects on their territories. UNDRIP provides this particularly through the right to

* self-determination (Article 1)
* to be free from forced relocation (Article 10)
* to participate in decision making (Article 18, 19)
* and to their traditional territories (Article 26)<ref name="undrip" />

These rights taken together help move indigenous groups from "solely victims to actors, and from objects of protection to subjects of rights" <ref name="felipe">Felipe Gómez Isa (2019) The UNDRIP: an increasingly robust legal parameter,The International Journal of Human Rights, 23:1-2, 7-21, DOI: 10.1080/13642987.2019.1568994</ref>. In doing so, UNDRIP exists in opposition to past colonial legal documents. Particularly the "Doctrine of Discovery" which gave colonial powers the rights to land held by indigenous people <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030506/http://www.historytools.org/sources/Johnson-v-MIntosh.pdf</ref>.

However, UNDRIP is still only a paper document produced by a colonial institution. It has little weight if not taken into practice. Ultimately the rights accorded to indigenous nations under UNDRIP only matter if nations are able to force their colonial government to respect UNDRIP. This usually means expensive court cases which is a financial barrier.

== Resistance as sovereignty ==
Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects asserts indigenous legal practices and right to land. In resistance there is an opportunity for nations to exercise sovereignty.

== Resistance as resurgence ==

== Trans mountain pipeline ==
The TMX pipeline expansion is an ongoing project to lay a new 980km pipeline along the route of the existing trans mountain pipeline <ref name="transmount">https://www.transmountain.com/project-overview</ref>. This route crosses the traditional territories of several indigenous nations in Alberta and British Columbia.

The project was proposed in 2012 to the national energy board and has been subject to legal challenges since <ref>https://www.transmountain.com/regulatory-process</ref>. On June 18th 2019, the NEB approved the project after it had been halted due to safety concerns <ref>https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/trnsmntnxpnsn/mdsttmnt2019-06-18-eng.html</ref>.

=== The Tiny House Warriors ===
[[File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg|thumb|Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".]]
The Tiny House Warriors project is an organization that seeks to assert the traditional territory and law of the Secwepemc people<ref name="thisspace">Cantieri, Janice. "THIS SPACE HERE." BC Studies.198 (2018): 7. ProQuest. Web. 1 Aug. 2019.</ref>. Secwepemc territory has never been ceded or surrendered. The Tiny House Warriors therefore hold that "the Trans Mountain Pipeline project and any other corporate colonial project that seeks to go through and destroy our 180,000 square km of unceded territory will be refused passage" <ref>http://tinyhousewarriors.com/</ref>.

They enact resistance by building small houses along the route of the pipeline. These houses serve as little villages which will need to be forcibly removed in order to continue construction. In forcibly removing these indigenous tiny houses, the government publicly reinforces its colonial agenda. The removal of these houses deliberately evokes the forced removal and relocation of indigenous people from their territory. This emphasizes the hollowness of the Canadian governments promises of reconciliation.

The Tiny House Warriors was founded by Kanahus Manuel and is led by indigenous women.

=== Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House ===
[[File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg|thumb|Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain. A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House".]]

The watch house or Kwekwecnewtxw (henqeminem for "a place to watch from") is a traditional structure built on at the tanker farm on burnaby mountain <ref>https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/</ref>. It overlooks the large construction operation at the end of the TMX pipeline.

The project is led by members of the Tsleil Waututh nation. It serves as a place to keep watch over their enemies and threats to their territory. It is grounded in an old cultural traditional and in spiritual practice. The watch house provides a way to connect back to old teachings and knowledge of spirtual leaders and elders in the community <ref name="thisspace" />.

== Dakota access pipeline ==
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is an oil pipeline which begins in North Dakota on the territory of the Sioux and [http://www.cheyennenation.com/ Cheyenne] and running south to Illinois, ending on the territory of the [http://www.miamiindians.org/ Miami] and [https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/ Osage].

== Implications for environmental activism ==
These forms of resistance draw attention to the intersection between environmental activism and decolonization. Deem discusses this in their paper "Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement" <ref>Deem, Alexandra. “Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement.” Theory, Culture & Society, Nov. 2018, doi:10.1177/0263276418807002.</ref>.

It is important to center indigenous resistance when talking about resource extraction as they are the original stewards of turtle island.
Doing so helps decolonizes place by moving power from settler activists and onto indigenous folks.
In this way its important to be critical of environmental action that doesn't center indigenous people in decisions regarding their territories, as it is likely colonialist.

== Further reading ==
* Estes, Nick, and Jaskiran Dhillon. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement. University of Minnesota Press, 2019.

== External links ==
* [https://native-land.ca/ Native Land] website for finding finding traditional territories of indigenous nations, languages, and treaties.
* [http://tinyhousewarriors.com/ Tiny House Warriors]
* [https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/ Kwekwecnewtxw]

== References ==
<references />

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-02T02:06:15Z

NoahHeyl:

<div style="position: relative; border: 3px solid #002145; margin: 5px;">
<div style="background: #002145; color: white; padding: 5px; padding-left: 8px;"><big>Land acknowledgement</big></div>
<div style="padding: 8px;">This article was written on the stolen land of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Watuth). In talking about broader indigenous resistence movements on turtle island, its crucial to acknowledge the importance of land and place. And in doing so lift up the particular sovereignty of local nations.
</div>
</div>
<br>
'''Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects''' has become a common pattern both locally and throughout turtle island. These resistance actions are often framed around the "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" which establishes the legal right of indigenous people to both actively participate in projects on their territory and oppose them. While UNDRIP provides a legal framing, it is also important to consider the importance of these actions as enforcing indigenous sovereignty and place them within a larger indigenous resurgence movement.

__TOC__

== UNDRIP ==

<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner">
{{#widget:YouTube|id=YY4kBDMoHgw|height=315|width=450}}<br/>
<p><i>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: a conversation with experts.</i> <br>CC are available in the Youtube video.<br/>
</p></div></div>

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a starting point for understanding the obligations colonial governments have to indigenous nations. It "constitute[s] the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.” <ref name="undrip">https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf</ref>. It was adopted as a policy by the UN in 2007, but not by Canada until 2016<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/canada-adopting-implementing-un-rights-declaration-1.3575272</ref>.

UNDRIP goes beyond the idea of a consultation based model toward a model of free, prior, and informed consent<ref name="dapl-con">Mengden, Walter H. “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CONSULTATION: THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE.” American Indian Law Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 441–466. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26492269.</ref>. Under UNDRIP indigenous groups have the right to not only be consulted, but to actively oppose extractivist projects on their territories. UNDRIP provides this particularly through the right to

* self-determination (Article 1)
* to be free from forced relocation (Article 10)
* to participate in decision making (Article 18, 19)
* and to their traditional territories (Article 26)<ref name="undrip" />

These rights taken together help move indigenous groups from "solely victims to actors, and from objects of protection to subjects of rights" <ref name="felipe">Felipe Gómez Isa (2019) The UNDRIP: an increasingly robust legal parameter,The International Journal of Human Rights, 23:1-2, 7-21, DOI: 10.1080/13642987.2019.1568994</ref>. In doing so, UNDRIP exists in opposition to past colonial legal documents. Particularly the "Doctrine of Discovery" which gave colonial powers the rights to land held by indigenous people <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030506/http://www.historytools.org/sources/Johnson-v-MIntosh.pdf</ref>.

However, UNDRIP is still only a paper document produced by a colonial institution. It has little weight if not taken into practice. Ultimately the rights accorded to indigenous nations under UNDRIP only matter if nations are able to force their colonial government to respect UNDRIP. This usually means expensive court cases which is a financial barrier.

== Resistance as sovereignty ==
Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects asserts indigenous legal practices and right to land. In resistance there is an opportunity for nations to exercise sovereignty.

== Resistance as resurgence ==

== Trans mountain pipeline ==
The TMX pipeline expansion is an ongoing project to lay a new 980km pipeline along the route of the existing trans mountain pipeline <ref name="transmount">https://www.transmountain.com/project-overview</ref>. This route crosses the traditional territories of several indigenous nations in Alberta and British Columbia.

The project was proposed in 2012 to the national energy board and has been subject to legal challenges since <ref>https://www.transmountain.com/regulatory-process</ref>. On June 18th 2019, the NEB approved the project after it had been halted due to safety concerns <ref>https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/trnsmntnxpnsn/mdsttmnt2019-06-18-eng.html</ref>.

=== The Tiny House Warriors ===
[[File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg|thumb|Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".]]
The Tiny House Warriors project is an organization that seeks to assert the traditional territory and law of the Secwepemc people<ref name="thisspace">Cantieri, Janice. "THIS SPACE HERE." BC Studies.198 (2018): 7. ProQuest. Web. 1 Aug. 2019.</ref>. Secwepemc territory has never been ceded or surrendered. The Tiny House Warriors therefore hold that "the Trans Mountain Pipeline project and any other corporate colonial project that seeks to go through and destroy our 180,000 square km of unceded territory will be refused passage" <ref>http://tinyhousewarriors.com/</ref>.

They enact resistance by building small houses along the route of the pipeline. These houses serve as little villages which will need to be forcibly removed in order to continue construction. In forcibly removing these indigenous tiny houses, the government publicly reinforces its colonial agenda. The removal of these houses deliberately evokes the forced removal and relocation of indigenous people from their territory. This emphasizes the hollowness of the Canadian governments promises of reconciliation.

The Tiny House Warriors was founded by Kanahus Manuel and is led by indigenous women.

=== Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House ===
[[File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg|thumb|Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain. A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House".]]

The watch house or Kwekwecnewtxw (henqeminem for "a place to watch from") is a traditional structure built on at the tanker farm on burnaby mountain <ref>https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/</ref>. It overlooks the large construction operation at the end of the TMX pipeline.

The project is led by members of the Tsleil Waututh nation. It serves as a place to keep watch over their enemies and threats to their territory. It is grounded in an old cultural traditional and in spiritual practice. The watch house provides a way to connect back to old teachings and knowledge of spirtual leaders and elders in the community <ref name="thisspace" />.

== Dakota access pipeline ==
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is an oil pipeline which begins in North Dakota on the territory of the Sioux and [http://www.cheyennenation.com/ Cheyenne] and running south to Illinois, ending on the territory of the [http://www.miamiindians.org/ Miami] and [https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/ Osage].

== Implications for environmental activism ==
These forms of resistance draw attention to the intersection between environmental activism. Deem discusses this in their paper "Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement" <ref>Deem, Alexandra. “Mediated Intersections of Environmental and Decolonial Politics in the No Dakota Access Pipeline Movement.” Theory, Culture & Society, Nov. 2018, doi:10.1177/0263276418807002.</ref>.

It is important to center indigenous resistance when talking about resource extraction as they are the original stewards of turtle island.
Doing so helps decolonizes place by moving power from settler activists and onto indigenous folks.
In this way its important to be critical of environmental action that doesn't center indigenous people in decisions regarding their territories, as it is likely colonialist.

== Further reading ==
* Estes, Nick, and Jaskiran Dhillon. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement. University of Minnesota Press, 2019.

== External links ==
* [https://native-land.ca/ Native Land] website for finding finding traditional territories of indigenous nations, languages, and treaties.
* [http://tinyhousewarriors.com/ Tiny House Warriors]
* [https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/ Kwekwecnewtxw]

== References ==
<references />

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T20:05:53Z

NoahHeyl: /* The Tiny House Warriors */

<div style="position: relative; border: 3px solid #002145; margin: 5px;">
<div style="background: #002145; color: white; padding: 5px; padding-left: 8px;"><big>Land acknowledgement</big></div>
<div style="padding: 8px;">This article was written on the stolen land of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh (Squamish), and Səl̓ílwətaʔ (Tsleil-Watuth). In talking about broader indigenous resistence movements on turtle island, its crucial to acknowledge the importance of land and place. And in doing so lift up the particular sovereignty of local nations.
</div>
</div>
<br>
'''Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects''' has become a common pattern both locally and throughout turtle island. These resistance actions are often framed around the "UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples" which establishes the legal right of indigenous people to both actively participate in projects on their territory and oppose them. While UNDRIP provides a legal framing, it is also important to consider the importance of these actions as enforcing indigenous sovereignty and place them within a larger indigenous resurgence movement.

__TOC__

== UNDRIP ==

<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner">
{{#widget:YouTube|id=YY4kBDMoHgw|height=315|width=450}}<br/>
<p><i>UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: a conversation with experts.</i> <br>CC are available in the Youtube video.<br/>
</p></div></div>

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a starting point for understanding the obligations colonial governments have to indigenous nations. It "constitute[s] the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.” <ref name="undrip">https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf</ref>. It was adopted as a policy by the UN in 2007, but not by Canada until 2016<ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/canada-adopting-implementing-un-rights-declaration-1.3575272</ref>.

UNDRIP goes beyond the idea of a consultation based model toward a model of free, prior, and informed consent<ref name="dapl-con">Mengden, Walter H. “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND CONSULTATION: THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE.” American Indian Law Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2017, pp. 441–466. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26492269.</ref>. Under UNDRIP indigenous groups have the right to not only be consulted, but to actively oppose extractivist projects on their territories. UNDRIP provides this particularly through the right to

* self-determination (Article 1)
* to be free from forced relocation (Article 10)
* to participate in decision making (Article 18, 19)
* and to their traditional territories (Article 26)<ref name="undrip" />

These rights taken together help move indigenous groups from "solely victims to actors, and from objects of protection to subjects of rights" <ref name="felipe">Felipe Gómez Isa (2019) The UNDRIP: an increasingly robust legal parameter,The International Journal of Human Rights, 23:1-2, 7-21, DOI: 10.1080/13642987.2019.1568994</ref>. In doing so, UNDRIP exists in opposition to past colonial legal documents. Particularly the "Doctrine of Discovery" which gave colonial powers the rights to land held by indigenous people <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030506/http://www.historytools.org/sources/Johnson-v-MIntosh.pdf</ref>.

However, UNDRIP is still only a paper document produced by a colonial institution. It has little weight if not taken into practice. Ultimately the rights accorded to indigenous nations under UNDRIP only matter if nations are able to force their colonial government to respect UNDRIP. This usually means expensive court cases which is a financial barrier.

== Resistance as sovereignty ==
Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects asserts indigenous legal practices and right to land. In resistance there is an opportunity for nations to exercise sovereignty.

== Resistance as resurgence ==

== Trans mountain pipeline ==
The TMX pipeline expansion is an ongoing project to lay a new 980km pipeline along the route of the existing trans mountain pipeline <ref name="transmount">https://www.transmountain.com/project-overview</ref>. This route crosses the traditional territories of several indigenous nations in Alberta and British Columbia.

The project was proposed in 2012 to the national energy board and has been subject to legal challenges since <ref>https://www.transmountain.com/regulatory-process</ref>. On June 18th 2019, the NEB approved the project after it had been halted due to safety concerns <ref>https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/pplctnflng/mjrpp/trnsmntnxpnsn/mdsttmnt2019-06-18-eng.html</ref>.

=== The Tiny House Warriors ===
[[File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg|thumb|Image of a tiny house built by The Tiny House Warriors.A small black house takes up most of the image. It sits on a wheeled trailer. On the side of the house two white trees are painted, and the words "Tiny <heart> House Warriors". In the middle is the Tiny House warriors icon: a warrior in a house with a red heart. The house is in a forested area. Around the house are other signs strewn around. One reads "it has begun".]]
The Tiny House Warriors project is an organization that seeks to assert the traditional territory and law of the Secwepemc people<ref name="thisspace">Cantieri, Janice. "THIS SPACE HERE." BC Studies.198 (2018): 7. ProQuest. Web. 1 Aug. 2019.</ref>. Secwepemc territory has never been ceded or surrendered. The Tiny House Warriors therefore hold that "the Trans Mountain Pipeline project and any other corporate colonial project that seeks to go through and destroy our 180,000 square km of unceded territory will be refused passage" <ref>http://tinyhousewarriors.com/</ref>.

They enact resistance by building small houses along the route of the pipeline. These houses serve as little villages which will need to be forcibly removed in order to continue construction. In forcibly removing these indigenous tiny houses, the government publicly reinforces its colonial agenda. The removal of these houses deliberately evokes the forced removal and relocation of indigenous people from their territory. This emphasizes the hollowness of the Canadian governments promises of reconciliation.

The Tiny House Warriors was founded by Kanahus Manuel and is led by indigenous women.

=== Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House ===
[[File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg|thumb|Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain. A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House".]]

The watch house or Kwekwecnewtxw (henqeminem for "a place to watch from") is a traditional structure built on at the tanker farm on burnaby mountain <ref>https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/</ref>. It overlooks the large construction operation at the end of the TMX pipeline.

The project is led by members of the Tsleil Waututh nation. It serves as a place to keep watch over their enemies and threats to their territory. It is grounded in an old cultural traditional and in spiritual practice. The watch house provides a way to connect back to old teachings and knowledge of spirtual leaders and elders in the community <ref name="thisspace" />.

== Dakota access pipeline ==
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) is an oil pipeline which begins in North Dakota on the territory of the Sioux and [http://www.cheyennenation.com/ Cheyenne] and running south to Illinois, ending on the territory of the [http://www.miamiindians.org/ Miami] and [https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/ Osage].

== Implications for environmental activism ==
Intersection of environmental action and decolonization work
It is important to center indigenous resistance when talking about resource extraction as they are the original stewards of turtle island.
Doing so helps decolonizes place by moving power from settler activists and onto indigenous folks.
In this way its important to be critical of environmental action that doesn't center indigenous people in decisions regarding their territories, as it is likely colonialist.

== Further reading ==
* Estes, Nick, and Jaskiran Dhillon. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #NoDAPL Movement. University of Minnesota Press, 2019.

== External links ==
* [https://native-land.ca/ Native Land] website for finding finding traditional territories of indigenous nations, languages, and treaties.
* [http://tinyhousewarriors.com/ Tiny House Warriors]
* [https://protecttheinlet.ca/structure/ Kwekwecnewtxw]

== References ==
<references />

File:GRSJ224-tiny-house.jpg

2019-08-01T20:05:19Z

NoahHeyl: User created page with UploadWizard

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T19:59:25Z

NoahHeyl: /* Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House */

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T19:59:01Z

NoahHeyl: /* Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House */

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T16:33:54Z

NoahHeyl: /* Resistance as sovereignty */

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T16:27:01Z

NoahHeyl: /* Tiny house warriors */

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T16:05:31Z

NoahHeyl: /* UNDRIP */

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T15:49:43Z

NoahHeyl: added ref

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T15:22:39Z

NoahHeyl:

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T15:13:11Z

NoahHeyl: /* Further reading */

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T14:58:03Z

NoahHeyl:

GRSJ224

2019-08-01T14:37:42Z

NoahHeyl: fixing up

This '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.

=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===

To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/27830/files/4186290/download?wrap=1 here].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif ||
* Read: [https://library.educause.edu/~/media/files/library/2005/7/eli7004-pdf.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]
* Choose a term from the table of contents
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''
* Set up your wiki page.
* Instructions on how to use the Visual Editor on UBC Wikis: [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Visual_Editor Help:Visual Editor]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited
* Proofread your Wiki

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif ||
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif ||
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]
* Write content relevant to class material.
* Tailor your page to your audience.
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].
|}

'''Helpful Links:'''
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/racialdiscrimination Embed a Video]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]

=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===

{| width="100%" class="wikitable" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;" border="1" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====
* [[Voter Suppression in the United States]]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/The_Fight_For_Democracy_in_Hong_Kong#The_Fight_For_Democracy_in_Hong_Kong The Fight for Democracy in Hong Kong]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects|Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects]]
* [[ Persistance of White Privilege in Post-Colonial Kenya]]
* [[Post-Colonial Hong Kong Identity]]
* [[Police Brutality Against Indigenous Youth|Police Misconduct Against Indigenous Youth]]
* [[Indigenous Youth Under the Care of Child Services]]
* [[Persistence of Colonial Practices in Canada against Indigenous communities]]
* [[Language Power In Post-Colonial Hong Kong]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China|GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China]]
* [[Teenage Pregnancy in China|Teenage Pregnancy in China]]
* [[Reproductive Choices for HIV Positive Men and Women]]
* [[GRSJ224/Criminalization of Pregnancy|Criminalization of Pregnancy]]
* [[Forced Sterilization of People with Disabilities in North America|Forced Sterilization in of Individuals with Disabilities in North America]]

|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====
* [[Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada|Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada]]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page Sri Lankan Tamil People Join the We]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page stern World]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/The_Injustice_in_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_in_the_United_States The Injustice in Immigration and Cu]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/The_Injustice_in_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_in_the_United_States stoms Enforcement in the United States]
* [[GRSJ224/Canada Federal Skilled Workers Program Victimizes And Discriminates Against Visible Minorities]]
* [[Linguistic Discrimination Against Immigrants in Canada]]
* [[GRSJ224/Challenges that Children of Immigrants Face in Canada|Challenges that Children of Immigra]]<nowiki/>[[GRSJ224/Challenges that Children of Immigrants Face in Canada|nts Face in Canada]]
* [[Struggles of Resettled Refugees]]
* [[GRSJ224/Migrant Workers In Canada|GRSJ224/MigrantWorkersInCanada]]
* [[Canadian Immigrants' Pension Inequality]]
* [[GRSJ224/Women in Migration]]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/_Changes_in_Immigration_Policies_after_9/11 GRSJ224/ Changes in Immigration Policies after 9/11]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2>====
* [[The Issue with Feminism: White Feminism]]
* [[Rape Culture in Fraternities]]
* Radical [https://wiki.ubc.ca/UBC_Wiki:Http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/radicalfeminism Feminism]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/iscanadafeminist Is Canada Feminist?]
* [[Feminism and Media]]
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Discrimination</span></h2>====
* [[Discrimination Against Asian Americans]]
* [[Discrimination Against Indigenous Youth in the Education System]]
* [[The Confrontation of Heterosexism in Vietnam]]
* [[GRSJ224_Racial_and_Gender_Oppression_of_Black,_African_Women#Blackness|Racial and Gender Oppression of Black, African Women ]]
* [[Discrimination Against LGBT Refugees in Canada]]
* [[Caste Discrimination in India]]
*[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Inequality_and_injustice_in_the_US_criminal_justice_system Inequality and injustice in the US criminal justice system]
*[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Stigmatization_of_mental_health_in_Asian_Indian_communties?venotify=created#Stigma Stigmatization of Mental Health in Asian Indian Communities]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Discrimination_in_Movies_and_Acting# Discrimination in Movies and Acting]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Discrimination_against_Transgender_and_Nonbinary_Peoples_in_Pakistan Discrimination against Transgender and nonbinary peoples in Pakistan]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Masculinity</span></h2>====
* [[Masculinity and Smoking]]
* [[Violence and Mental Health]]
* [[Muscles Defining Masculinity]]
* [[Aging and Masculinity]]
* [[Black Masculinity]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
|-

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Medicalization</span></h2>====
* [[The Medicalization of Aging Bodies]]
* [[Medicalization of Korean Beauty in Pop Culture]]
* [[GRSJ224/Medicalization of Obesity and Fitness]]
* [[Medicalization of Vancouver's Downtown Eastside]]
* [[Medicalization of Criminality in Society]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">LGBT Families</span></h2>====
* [[LGBTQ Children in Foster Care]]
* [[LGBTQ+ children in Immigrant Families]]
|
|
|}

===ARCHIVE===
Here is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students: [[GRSJ224/archive|Archive of Wiki pages]]

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T04:22:52Z

NoahHeyl: /* Implications for environmental activism */

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T04:17:15Z

NoahHeyl: added some TMX intro

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T01:11:48Z

NoahHeyl:

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T01:10:23Z

NoahHeyl:

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-08-01T01:09:40Z

NoahHeyl: added image of watch house

File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg

2019-08-01T01:08:47Z

NoahHeyl: /* {{int:license-header}} */

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Photo of the Watch House at burnaby mountain.

A small wooden house is in the right of the image. It has a ramp leading up to a wooden door. There are two black animal designs on either side of the door. The ground around the house is dirt and grass. To the left is a banner that reads "Kwekwecnewtxw Watch House"

This image is NOT licensed for commercial use.}}
|date=2018-03-13 14:38:08
|source=https://www.flickr.com/photos/156856369@N02/40144540234/in/album-72157666798358258/
|author=Alex Harris
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/

File:GRSJ224-watch-house.jpg

2019-08-01T01:08:10Z

NoahHeyl: User created page with UploadWizard

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-07-31T20:26:33Z

NoahHeyl: added start of summary

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-07-31T20:16:45Z

NoahHeyl: /* UNDRIP */

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-07-31T20:15:44Z

NoahHeyl: added more UNDRIP

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-07-31T19:43:07Z

NoahHeyl: /* External links */

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-07-31T19:12:22Z

NoahHeyl: notes

GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects

2019-07-31T19:06:55Z

NoahHeyl: added video

GRSJ224

2019-07-31T19:02:41Z

NoahHeyl: fixing up

This '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.

=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===

To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/27830/files/4186290/download?wrap=1 here].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif ||
* Read: [https://library.educause.edu/~/media/files/library/2005/7/eli7004-pdf.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]
* Choose a term from the table of contents
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''
* Set up your wiki page.
* Instructions on how to use the Visual Editor on UBC Wikis: [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Visual_Editor Help:Visual Editor]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited
* Proofread your Wiki

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif ||
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif ||
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]
* Write content relevant to class material.
* Tailor your page to your audience.
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].
|}

'''Helpful Links:'''
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/racialdiscrimination Embed a Video]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]

=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===

{| width="100%" class="wikitable" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;" border="1" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====
* [[Voter Suppression in the United States]]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/The_Fight_For_Democracy_in_Hong_Kong#The_Fight_For_Democracy_in_Hong_Kong The Fight for Democracy in Hong Kong]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects|Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects]]
* [[ Persistance of White Privilege in Post-Colonial Kenya]]
* [[Post-Colonial Hong Kong Identity]]
* [[Police Brutality Against Indigenous Youth|Police Misconduct Against Indigenous Youth]]
* [[Indigenous Youth Under the Care of Child Services]]
* [[Persistence of Colonial Practices in Canada against Indigenous communities]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China|GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China]]
* [[Teenage Pregnancy in China|Teenage Pregnancy in China]]
* [[Reproductive Choices for HIV Positive Men and Women]]
* [[GRSJ224/Criminalization of Pregnancy|Criminalization of Pregnancy]]
* [[Forced Sterilization of People with Disabilities in North America|Forced Sterilization in of Individuals with Disabilities in North America]]

|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====
* [[Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada|Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada]]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page Sri Lankan Tamil People Join the We]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page stern World]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/The_Injustice_in_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_in_the_United_States The Injustice in Immigration and Cu]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/The_Injustice_in_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_in_the_United_States stoms Enforcement in the United States]
* [[GRSJ224/Canada Federal Skilled Workers Program Victimizes And Discriminates Against Visible Minorities]]
* [[Linguistic Discrimination Against Immigrants in Canada]]
* [[GRSJ224/Challenges that Children of Immigrants Face in Canada|Challenges that Children of Immigra]]<nowiki/>[[GRSJ224/Challenges that Children of Immigrants Face in Canada|nts Face in Canada]]
* [[Struggles of Resettled Refugees]]
* [[GRSJ224/Migrant Workers In Canada|GRSJ224/MigrantWorkersInCanada]]
* [[Canadian Immigrants' Pension Inequality]]
* [[GRSJ224/Women in Migration]]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/_Changes_in_Immigration_Policies_after_9/11 GRSJ224/ Changes in Immigration Policies after 9/11]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2>====
* [[The Issue with Feminism: White Feminism]]
* [[Rape Culture in Fraternities]]
* Radical [https://wiki.ubc.ca/UBC_Wiki:Http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/radicalfeminism Feminism]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/iscanadafeminist Is Canada Feminist?]
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Discrimination</span></h2>====
* [[Discrimination Against Asian Americans]]
* [[Discrimination Against Indigenous Youth in the Education System]]
* [[The Confrontation of Heterosexism in Vietnam]]
* [[GRSJ224_Racial_and_Gender_Oppression_of_Black,_African_Women#Blackness|Racial and Gender Oppression of Black, African Women ]]
* [[Discrimination Against LGBT Refugees in Canada]]
* [[Caste Discrimination in India]]
*[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Inequality_and_injustice_in_the_US_criminal_justice_system Inequality and injustice in the US criminal justice system]
*[https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/Stigmatization_of_mental_health_in_Asian_Indian_communties?venotify=created#Stigma Stigmatization of Mental Health in Asian Indian Communities]
* [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Discrimination_in_Movies_and_Acting# Discrimination in Movies and Acting]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Discrimination_against_Transgender_and_Nonbinary_Peoples_in_Pakistan Discrimination against Transgender and nonbinary peoples in Pakistan]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Masculinity</span></h2>====
* [[Masculinity and Smoking]]
* [[Violence and Mental Health]]
* [[Muscles Defining Masculinity]]
* [[Aging and Masculinity]]
* [[Black Masculinity]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
|-

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Medicalization</span></h2>====
* [[The Medicalization of Aging Bodies]]
* [[Medicalization of Korean Beauty in Pop Culture]]
* [[GRSJ224/Medicalization of Obesity and Fitness]]
* [[Medicalization of Vancouver's Downtown Eastside]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">LGBT Families</span></h2>====
* [[LGBTQ Children in Foster Care]]
* [[LGBTQ+ children in Immigrant Families]]
|
|
|}

===ARCHIVE===
Here is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students: [[GRSJ224/archive|Archive of Wiki pages]]

2019-07-19T14:57:28Z

NoahHeyl: fixing page yet again

This '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.

=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===

To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://canvas.ubc.ca/courses/27830/files/4186290/download?wrap=1 here].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif ||
* Read: [https://library.educause.edu/~/media/files/library/2005/7/eli7004-pdf.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]
* Choose a term from the table of contents
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''
* Set up your wiki page.
* Instructions on how to use the Visual Editor on UBC Wikis: [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Visual_Editor Help:Visual Editor]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited
* Proofread your Wiki

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif ||
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect

|-
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif ||
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]
* Write content relevant to class material.
* Tailor your page to your audience.
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].
|}

'''Helpful Links:'''
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/racialdiscrimination Embed a Video]
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]

=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===

{| width="100%" class="wikitable" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;" border="1" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |

====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====
*

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects|Indigenous resistance to extractivist projects]]
* [[ Agendas post-colonialism & the death of Pan-Africanism]]
* [[Post-Colonial Hong Kong Identity]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>====
* [[GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China|GRSJ224/Sex Selective Abortion in China]]
* [[Teenage Pregnancy in China|Teenage Pregnancy in China]]
* [[Reproductive Choices for HIV Positive Men and Women]]

|-
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====
* [[Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada|Employment of Immigrant Women in Canada]]
* <nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page Sri Lankan Tamil People Join the We]<nowiki/>[https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?veaction=edit&editintro=Template%3ANew+Page+Intro&title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_People_Join_the_Western_World&create=Create+page stern World]
* [[GRSJ224/Canada Federal Skilled Workers Program Victimizes And Discriminates Against Visible Minorities]]
* [[Linguistic Discrimination Against Immigrants in Canada]]
* [[GRSJ224/Children of Immigrants in United States|Children of Immigrants in United St]]<nowiki/>[[GRSJ224/Children of Immigrants in United States|ates]]
* [[Struggles of Refugees]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2>====
* [[The Issue with Feminism: White Feminism]]

| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |
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* [[Discrimination Against Asian Americans]]
* [[Discrimination Against Indigenous Youth in the Education System]]
* [[The Confrontation of Heterosexism in Vietnam]]
* [[GRSJ224_Racial_and_Gender_Oppression_of_Black,_African_Women#Blackness|Racial and Gender Oppression of Black, African Women ]]
* [[Discrimination Against LGBT Refugees in Canada]]
*
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* [[Men's Health and Masculinity]]
* [[Violence and Mental Health]]
* [[Muscles Defining Masculinity]]

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* [[The Medicalization of Aging Bodies]]
* [[Medicalization of Korean Beauty in Pop Culture]]
* [[GRSJ224/Medicalization of Obesity and Fitness]]
* [[Medicalization of Vancouver's Downtown Eastside]]

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* [[LGBTQ Children in Foster Care]]
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===ARCHIVE===
Here is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students: [[GRSJ224/archive|Archive of Wiki pages]]