https://wiki.ubc.ca/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=MitchellRobinsonUBC Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-05-12T09:35:22ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.8https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=572376Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-25T19:33:53Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Logo of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.svg|thumb|201x201px|The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (1943-54) was the first ever professional baseball league made exclusively for women.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Women and Baseball|last=Heapy|first=Leslie|publisher=McFarland and Company|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>]]<br />
Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and its very first club, the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> While baseball been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times, employees of the organization were almost exclusively men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively held by males: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
[[File:Boston national bloomer girl's base ball club, L.J. Galbreath, originator and owner LCCN2008677285.tif|thumb|The Boston Bloomer Girls were an icon for women in professional baseball, and after some time even a few men were accepted to play on the team.<ref name=":1" />|273x273px]]<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as the 1860s<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately, some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from male-only teams at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref> There was also the creation of a women's only professional league called The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). The league operated for 11 years from 1943-1954 and in its peak had 10 teams located throughout the Midwest of the USA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|last=Cullen-DuPont|first=Kathryn|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=9-10}}</ref> In 1992 a movie called ''A League of Their Own'' was made, which was inspired by certain players and teams that participated in the AAGPBL. <br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last six consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
[[File:Edith Houghton 1946 Philadelphia Record no copyright renewal.jpg|thumb|315x315px|Edith Houghton was the very first female scout for professional baseball and was hired in 1946 by the Philadelphia Phillies. <ref name=":2" />]]<br />
Amanda Hopkins was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time (behind Edith Houghton in 1946).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team, the Oakland Athletics. She then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ. This instructional league is a small camp held by MLB teams to work closely with their highly touted prospects and is therefore staffed by only the most qualified coaches. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
On November 23rd, 2019 Rachel Balkovec made history by being hired by the New York Yankees as the first ever female full-time hitting coach.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/rachel-balkovec-joins-yankees-as-first-female-full-time-hitting-coach-hired-by-an-mlb-organization/|title=Rachel Balkovec joins Yankees as first female full-time hitting coach hired by an MLB organization|last=Perry|first=Dayn|date=|website=CBS Sports|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Balkovec previously worked as a minor league strength and conditioning coordinator for the St. Louis Cardinals, and is touted for her expertise in the science of human via two masters degrees. She is expected to begin her roll in February 2020.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman helped rehabilitate Marcus Stroman, one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers, after he underwent surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=572374Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-25T19:29:53Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Logo of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.svg|thumb|201x201px|The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (1943-54) was the first ever professional baseball league made exclusively for women.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Women and Baseball|last=Heapy|first=Leslie|publisher=McFarland and Company|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>]]<br />
Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and its very first club, the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> While baseball been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times, employees of the organization were almost exclusively men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively held by males: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
[[File:Boston national bloomer girl's base ball club, L.J. Galbreath, originator and owner LCCN2008677285.tif|thumb|The Boston Bloomer Girls were an icon for women in professional baseball, and after some time even a few men were accepted to play on the team.|273x273px]]<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as the 1860s<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately, some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from male-only teams at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref> There was also the creation of a women's only professional league called The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). The league operated for 11 years from 1943-1954 and in its peak had 10 teams located throughout the Midwest of the USA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|last=Cullen-DuPont|first=Kathryn|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=9-10}}</ref> In 1992 a movie called ''A League of Their Own'' was made, which was inspired by certain players and teams that participated in the AAGPBL. <br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last six consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
[[File:Edith Houghton 1946 Philadelphia Record no copyright renewal.jpg|thumb|315x315px|Edith Houghton was the very first female scout for professional baseball and was hired in 1946 by the Philadelphia Phillies.]]<br />
Amanda Hopkins was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time (behind Edith Houghton in 1946).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team, the Oakland Athletics. She then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ. This instructional league is a small camp held by MLB teams to work closely with their highly touted prospects and is therefore staffed by only the most qualified coaches. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
On November 23rd, 2019 Rachel Balkovec made history by being hired by the New York Yankees as the first ever female full-time hitting coach.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/rachel-balkovec-joins-yankees-as-first-female-full-time-hitting-coach-hired-by-an-mlb-organization/|title=Rachel Balkovec joins Yankees as first female full-time hitting coach hired by an MLB organization|last=Perry|first=Dayn|date=|website=CBS Sports|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Balkovec previously worked as a minor league strength and conditioning coordinator for the St. Louis Cardinals, and is touted for her expertise in the science of human via two masters degrees. She is expected to begin her roll in February 2020.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman helped rehabilitate Marcus Stroman, one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers, after he underwent surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Thread:Talk:Women_in_Professional_Baseball/Great_content/reply&diff=572372Thread:Talk:Women in Professional Baseball/Great content/reply2019-11-25T19:08:43Z<p>MitchellRobinson: Reply to Great content</p>
<hr />
<div>Hi Jenny,<br />
Thanks for your input, however all three of those women that I listed are still very active in their roles in professional baseball, therefore I believe that these women have not only helped change the attitude towards women in professional baseball, but are still doing so today. Thanks for your input!</div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571954Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-22T23:03:37Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Logo of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.svg|thumb|201x201px|The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (1943-54) was the first ever professional baseball league made exclusively for women.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Women and Baseball|last=Heapy|first=Leslie|publisher=McFarland and Company|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>]]<br />
Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and its very first club, the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> While baseball been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times, employees of the organization were almost exclusively men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively held by males: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
[[File:Boston national bloomer girl's base ball club, L.J. Galbreath, originator and owner LCCN2008677285.tif|thumb|The Boston Bloomer Girls were an icon for women in professional baseball, and after some time even a few men were accepted to play on the team.|273x273px]]<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as the 1860s<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately, some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from male-only teams at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref> There was also the creation of a women's only professional league called The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). The league operated for 11 years from 1943-1954 and in its peak had 10 teams located throughout the Midwest of the USA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|last=Cullen-DuPont|first=Kathryn|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=9-10}}</ref> In 1992 a movie called ''A League of Their Own'' was made, which was inspired by certain players and teams that participated in the AAGPBL. <br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last six consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
[[File:Edith Houghton 1946 Philadelphia Record no copyright renewal.jpg|thumb|315x315px|Edith Houghton was the very first female scout for professional baseball and was hired in 1946 by the Philadelphia Phillies.]]<br />
Amanda Hopkins was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time (behind Edith Houghton in 1946).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team, the Oakland Athletics. She then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ. This instructional league is a small camp held by MLB teams to work closely with their highly touted prospects and is therefore staffed by only the most qualified coaches. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman helped rehabilitate Marcus Stroman, one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers, after he underwent surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571953Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-22T22:43:37Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Logo of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.svg|thumb|201x201px|The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (1943-54) was the first ever professional baseball league made exclusively for women.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Women and Baseball|last=Heapy|first=Leslie|publisher=McFarland and Company|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>]]<br />
Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and its very first club, the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times, employees of the organization were almost exclusively men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively held by males: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
[[File:Boston national bloomer girl's base ball club, L.J. Galbreath, originator and owner LCCN2008677285.tif|thumb|The Boston Bloomer Girls were an icon for women in professional baseball, and after some time even a few men were accepted to play on the team.|273x273px]]<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as the 1860s<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately, some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from male-only teams at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref> There was also the creation of a women's only professional league called The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). The league operated for 11 years from 1943-1954 and in its peak had 10 teams located throughout the Midwest of the USA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|last=Cullen-DuPont|first=Kathryn|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=9-10}}</ref> In 1992 a movie called ''A League of Their Own'' was made, which was inspired by certain players and teams that participated in the AAGPBL. <br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last six consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
[[File:Edith Houghton 1946 Philadelphia Record no copyright renewal.jpg|thumb|315x315px|Edith Houghton was the very first female scout for professional baseball and was hired in 1946 by the Philadelphia Phillies.]]<br />
Amanda Hopkins was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time (behind Edith Houghton in 1946).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team, the Oakland Athletics. She then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ. This instructional league is a small camp held by MLB teams to work closely with their highly touted prospects and is therefore staffed by only the most qualified coaches. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman helped rehabilitate Marcus Stroman, one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers, after he underwent surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571760Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-20T21:39:13Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Logo of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.svg|thumb|201x201px|The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (1943-54) was the first ever professional baseball league made exclusively for women.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Women and Baseball|last=Heapy|first=Leslie|publisher=McFarland and Company|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>]]<br />
Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and it's very first club the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively male employed: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
[[File:Boston national bloomer girl's base ball club, L.J. Galbreath, originator and owner LCCN2008677285.tif|thumb|The Boston Bloomer Girls were an icon for women in professional baseball, and after some time even a few men were accepted to play on the team.|273x273px]]<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as early as the 1860's<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from all mens team at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref> There was also the creation of a women's only professional league called The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). The league operated for eleven years from 1943-1954 and in its peak had 10 teams located throughout the Midwest of the USA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|last=Cullen-DuPont|first=Kathryn|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=9-10}}</ref> In 1992 a movie called ''A League of Their Own'' was made, which was inspired by certain players and teams that participated in the AAGPBL. <br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last 6 consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
[[File:Edith Houghton 1946 Philadelphia Record no copyright renewal.jpg|thumb|315x315px|Edith Houghton was the very first female scout for professional baseball and was hired in 1946 by the Philadelphia Phillies.]]<br />
Amanda Hopkins was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time (behind Edith Houghton in 1946).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team: the Oakland Athletics, she then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ. This instructional league is a small camp held by MLB teams to work closely with their highly touted prospects and is therefore staffed by only the most qualified coaches. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman was helping rehabilitate one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers Marcus Stroman after undergoing surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571759Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-20T21:38:51Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Logo of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.svg|thumb|201x201px|The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (1943-54) was the first ever professional baseball league made exclusively for women.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Women and Baseball|last=Heapy|first=Leslie|publisher=McFarland and Company|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>]]<br />
Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and it's very first club the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively male employed: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
[[File:Boston national bloomer girl's base ball club, L.J. Galbreath, originator and owner LCCN2008677285.tif|thumb|The Boston Bloomer Girls were an icon for women in professional baseball, and after some time even a few men were accepted to play on the team.|273x273px]]<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as early as the 1860's<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from all mens team at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref> There was also the creation of a women's only professional league called The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). The league operated for eleven years from 1943-1954 and in its peak had 10 teams located throughout the Midwest of the USA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|last=Cullen-DuPont|first=Kathryn|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=9-10}}</ref> In 1992 a movie called ''A League of Their Own'' was made, which was inspired by certain players and teams that participated in the AAGPBL. <br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last 6 consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
[[File:Edith Houghton 1946 Philadelphia Record no copyright renewal.jpg|thumb|315x315px|Edith Houghton was the very first female scout for professional baseball and was hired in 1946 by the Philadelphia Phillies.]]<br />
Amanda Hopkins (26), was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time (behind Edith Houghton in 1946).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team: the Oakland Athletics, she then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ. This instructional league is a small camp held by MLB teams to work closely with their highly touted prospects and is therefore staffed by only the most qualified coaches. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman was helping rehabilitate one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers Marcus Stroman after undergoing surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571757Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-20T21:36:08Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Logo of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.svg|thumb|201x201px|The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (1943-54) was the first ever professional baseball league made exclusively for women.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Women and Baseball|last=Heapy|first=Leslie|publisher=McFarland and Company|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>]]<br />
Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and it's very first club the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively male employed: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
[[File:Boston national bloomer girl's base ball club, L.J. Galbreath, originator and owner LCCN2008677285.tif|thumb|The Boston Bloomer Girls were an icon for women in professional baseball, and after some time even a few men were accepted to play on the team.|273x273px]]<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as early as the 1860's<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from all mens team at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref> There was also the creation of a women's only professional league called The All American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). The league operated for eleven years from 1943-1954 and in its peak had 10 teams located throughout the Midwest of the USA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|last=Cullen-DuPont|first=Kathryn|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=9-10}}</ref> In 1992 a movie called ''A League of Their Own'' was made, which was inspired by certain players and teams that participated in the AAGPBL. <br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last 6 consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
[[File:Edith Houghton 1946 Philadelphia Record no copyright renewal.jpg|thumb|315x315px|Edith Houghton was the very first female scout for professional baseball and was hired in 1946 by the Philadelphia Phillies.]]<br />
Amanda Hopkins (26), was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team: the Oakland Athletics, she then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ. This instructional league is a small camp held by MLB teams to work closely with their highly touted prospects and is therefore staffed by only the most qualified coaches. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman was helping rehabilitate one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers Marcus Stroman after undergoing surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571755Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-20T21:31:55Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Logo of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.svg|thumb|201x201px|The All American Girls Professional Baseball League was the first ever professional baseball league exclusively for women, playing their first season in 1943, and their last in 1954.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Women and Baseball|last=Heapy|first=Leslie|publisher=McFarland and Company|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>]]<br />
Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and it's very first club the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively male employed: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
[[File:Boston national bloomer girl's base ball club, L.J. Galbreath, originator and owner LCCN2008677285.tif|thumb|The Boston Bloomer Girls were an icon for women in professional baseball, and after some time even a few men were accepted to play on the team.|265x265px]]<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as early as the 1860's<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from all mens team at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref> There was also the creation of a women's only professional league called The All American Girls Professional Baseball League. The league operated for eleven years from 1943-1954 and in its peak had 10 teams located throughout the Midwest of the USA.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|last=Cullen-DuPont|first=Kathryn|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=9-10}}</ref> In 1992 a movie called [[A League of Their Own]] was made <br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last 6 consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
[[File:Edith Houghton 1946 Philadelphia Record no copyright renewal.jpg|thumb|277x277px|Edith Houghton was the very first female scout for professional baseball and was hired in 1946 by the Philadelphia Phillies.]]<br />
Amanda Hopkins (26), was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team: the Oakland Athletics, she then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ. This instructional league is a small camp held by MLB teams to work closely with their highly touted prospects and is therefore staffed by only the most qualified coaches. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman was helping rehabilitate one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers Marcus Stroman after undergoing surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571742Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-20T20:55:23Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and it's very first club the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively male employed: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
[[File:Boston national bloomer girl's base ball club, L.J. Galbreath, originator and owner LCCN2008677285.tif|thumb|The Boston Bloomer Girls were an icon for women in professional baseball, and after some time even a few men were accepted to play on the team.]]<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as early as the 1860's<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from all mens team at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last 6 consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
Amanda Hopkins (26), was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team: the Oakland Athletics, she then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ. This instructional league is a small camp held by MLB teams to work closely with their highly touted prospects and is therefore staffed by only the most qualified coaches. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman was helping rehabilitate one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers Marcus Stroman after undergoing surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571638Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-20T00:44:12Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and it's very first club the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively male employed: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as early as the 1860's<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from all mens team at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref><br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last 6 consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
Amanda Hopkins (26), was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team: the Oakland Athletics, she then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ. This instructional league is a small camp held by MLB teams to work closely with their highly touted prospects and is therefore staffed by only the most qualified coaches. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman was helping rehabilitate one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers Marcus Stroman after undergoing surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571633Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-20T00:40:52Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and it's very first club the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively male employed: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as early as the 1860's<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from all mens team at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref><br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last 6 consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
Amanda Hopkins (26), was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team: the Oakland Athletics, she then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role. Originally Huffman was a student athlete at Averett University, playing basketball while also studying athletic training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Then in 2015 she went on to begin a fellowship at Duke University's human performance laboratory. While at Duke, Nikki Huffman was helping rehabilitate one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers Marcus Stroman after undergoing surgery to repair a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he was able to return in September and participate in the post-season and credits his early return to Huffman's work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/nikki-huffman-toronto-blue-jays-trainer-profile/|title=In Good Hands|last=Davidi|first=Shi|date=|website=Sportsnet News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571484Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-19T01:19:44Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and it's very first club the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively male employed: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as early as the 1860's<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from all mens team at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref><br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last 6 consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
Amanda Hopkins (26), was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team: the Oakland Athletics, she then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Athletic Training ====<br />
In 2018, Nikki Huffman was the only head athletic trainer in all of the MLB, and was just the second woman of all time to occupy this role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/toronto-blue-jays-nikki-huffman-head-athletic-trainer-1.4462616|title=Jays' Nikki Huffman becomes 2nd female head athletic trainer in major leagues|last=|first=|date=2017|website=CBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> While working at Duke Univeristy's human performance laboratory in 2015, Nikki Huffman was helping rehabilitate one of the Toronto Blue Jay's star pitchers Marcus Stroman after suffering a torn ACL. Stroman's injury was supposed to be season ending, but he credits his early return to Huffman's work.</div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571466Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-19T00:46:22Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and it's very first club the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively male employed: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as early as the 1860's<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from all mens team at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref><br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. The tournament has been held in many different countries including Canada, USA, China, Japan and Mexico, and Japan has capture gold in the last 6 consecutive tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wbwc.wbsc.org/en/2018|title=Women's Baseball World Cup|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles Today ==<br />
<br />
==== Scouting ====<br />
Amanda Hopkins (26), was hired in December of 2015 by the Seattle Mariners to become only the second female scout of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/sports/baseball/a-harder-look-at-female-scouts-shows-more-in-the-job-than-thought.html|title=In the Major Leagues, Female Scouts Are Few. Their Skills Aren’t.|last=|first=|date=|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Hopkins attended Central Washington University where she was a member of the softball team. Hopkins began working for the Mariners as an intern, with interest in amateur scouting, and attending a scouting development program before being hired by Seattle. She was able to break through into the world of scouting even though she played softball, not baseball, as most scouts are former baseball players, and is now responsible for scouting amateurs on behalf of the Mariners in Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/15181401/edith-houghton-amanda-hopkins-mlb-70-year-gap-female-scouts|title=From Edith Houghton to Amanda Hopkins, MLB's 70-year gap in female scouts|last=|first=|date=|website=ESPN|archive-url=|archive-date=2016|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Coaching ====<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal was the first female to ever coach a men's professional baseball team. She became the first-base coach for the Brockton Rox, a member of an independant professional league. In 2011 Siegal was the first women to ever throw batting practice for an MLB team: the Oakland Athletics, she then went on to throw batting practice for the Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/sports/baseball/22pitcher.html|title=Advocate for Women in Baseball Finally Gets to Be One|last=|first=|date=2011|website=The New York Times|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> In 2015 Siegal was officially hired by the Oakland Athletics to be a guest coach during their fall instructional league in Mesa, AZ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/justine-siegal-first-female-coach-in-majors/c-152329548|title=A's hire first female coach in MLB history|last=|first=|date=2015|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref></div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=571428Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-18T23:27:02Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) and it's very first club the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|last=|first=|date=|website=MLB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>. While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. A number of all women's baseball teams have surfaced since baseballs inception, and although the sport is still mainly male dominant, the influx of women participation off the field is growing at a staggering rate. Specifically, MLB teams are now employing more and more women for roles that before were exclusively male employed: scouts, nutritionists, athletic trainers, team doctors, statistical analysts, mental conditioning coaches and front office staff are now just some of the roles that women are beginning to occupy within professional baseball. <br />
<br />
== Inception to Modern Day ==<br />
There have been reports of women participating in casual baseball games in as early as early as the 1860's<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=A Female Baseball Club at Peterboro|last=|first=|date=1868|work=Chicago Tribune|access-date=|page=4}}</ref>, however in this era women were typical discouraged from playing sports as they were considered 'manly'. In the late 1890's there were efforts to organize all women baseball leagues, which created one of the more notorious women's teams in history, the Boston Bloomer Girls baseball club. Unfortunately some cities banned the playing of baseball by women and teams like the Boston Bloomer Girls began traveling to more welcoming cities that were curious about the all girls baseball team. Although teams like the Bloomers were mostly considered a novelty, there were many women players who were attracting attention from all mens team at the amateur and semi-pro level. One of the most well known of these players was first baseman Lizzie Murphy <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Draws Large Salary|last=|first=|date=1923|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=|page=5}}</ref>, who was critically acclaimed by multiple sportswriters to be equally as talented as the male players. Murphy was never able to play in the Major Leagues but was fortunate enough to have a successful 17 year career in multiple semi-pro leagues and was part of a team of all-stars that played in a charity baseball game against the Boston Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Lizzie Murphy, 70, Former Baseball Star|last=|first=|date=1964|work=Newport (RI) Daily News|access-date=|page=6}}</ref><br />
<br />
In more modern times, baseball has slowly become more inclusive to women. Women's baseball has become more popular on a national and world level, with the Women's Baseball World Cup being played every four years since 2004. The tournament consists of the world's best teams competing head to head to be crowned world champions. <br />
<br />
== Professional Roles ==<br />
<br />
In 2009, Justine Siegal became the first female coach of a men's professional baseball team. In 2011, she was the first woman to throw batting practice to an MLB team, the Cleveland Indians at spring training. She also threw BP to the Oakland Athletics, Tampa Bay Rays, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros, and New York Mets. In 2015, Justine Siegal became the Oakland Athletics guest instructor for their Instructional League Club, thus making her the first female coach in major league baseball history.</div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=570355Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-08T18:59:21Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) in 1869. (Cite) While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. <br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
== Modern Day ==<br />
<br />
== Professional Roles ==</div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=570353Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-08T18:57:36Z<p>MitchellRobinson: </p>
<hr />
<div>Baseball has been around in a professional capacity since the birth of the Major League of Baseball (MLB) in 1869. (Cite) While baseball is and has been predominately dominated by males, in more modern times, women's roles in the sport have grown exponentially. The sport of baseball in general is played mostly by men, while a similar version of the sport called softball is predominantly played by women. In a professional capacity, the players in the MLB are exclusively made up of males, and until more modern times employees of the organization were mostly staffed by men as well. <br />
<br />
History<br />
<br />
Modern Day<br />
<br />
Professional Roles</div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Women_in_Professional_Baseball&diff=570347Women in Professional Baseball2019-11-08T18:42:24Z<p>MitchellRobinson: Created page with "Women in Professional Baseball By: Mitchell Robinson"</p>
<hr />
<div>Women in Professional Baseball<br />
By: Mitchell Robinson</div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=GRSJ224&diff=570346GRSJ2242019-11-08T18:40:27Z<p>MitchellRobinson: /* TABLE OF CONTENTS */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
This '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.<br />
<br />
=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===<br />
<br />
To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://canvas.ubc.ca/files/4963443/download?download_frd=1 here].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif || <br />
* Read: [https://library.educause.edu/~/media/files/library/2005/7/eli7004-pdf.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]<br />
* Choose a term from the table of contents<br />
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''<br />
* Set up your wiki page.<br />
* Instructions on how to use the Visual Editor on UBC Wikis: [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Visual_Editor Help:Visual Editor]<br />
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||<br />
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.<br />
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.<br />
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback<br />
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited<br />
* Proofread your Wiki<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif || <br />
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.<br />
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]<br />
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||<br />
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif || <br />
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]<br />
* Write content relevant to class material.<br />
* Tailor your page to your audience.<br />
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]<br />
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Helpful Links:'''<br />
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]<br />
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/racialdiscrimination Embed a Video]<br />
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]<br />
<br />
=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===<br />
<br />
{| width="100%" class="wikitable" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;" border="1" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"<br />
|- <br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====<br />
*<br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>[[History of abortion in South Korea]] <br />
<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
|- <br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
[[GRSJ224/feminism-in-superhero-movies|Feminism in Superhero Movies]]<br />
<br />
[[Women in Professional Baseball]]<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2><br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Discrimination</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Masculinity</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Medicalization</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">LGBT Families</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
<br />
===International Shadeism===<br />
<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Rituals</span></h2><br />
* <br />
<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===ARCHIVE===<br />
Here is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students: [[GRSJ224/archive|Archive of Wiki pages]]</div>MitchellRobinsonhttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=GRSJ224&diff=570345GRSJ2242019-11-08T18:35:24Z<p>MitchellRobinson: /* TABLE OF CONTENTS */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
This '''Wikispace''' is a peer-produced shared resource that will evolve as students post content relating to GRSJ224. You are responsible for creating dynamic and informative wiki pages. As you add and update information throughout the semester, originality, resourcefulness, and creativity is encouraged. The wiki will be sustained for successive semesters so that the work you contribute will be available to future students.<br />
<br />
=== ASSIGNMENT INFORMATION ===<br />
<br />
To download and view full details of the assignment, click [https://canvas.ubc.ca/files/4963443/download?download_frd=1 here].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_preparation.gif || <br />
* Read: [https://library.educause.edu/~/media/files/library/2005/7/eli7004-pdf.pdf 7 Things you should know about Wikis]<br />
* Choose a term from the table of contents<br />
* Confirm your selection of topic with your instructor by the '''SECOND WEEK OF CLASSES'''<br />
* Set up your wiki page.<br />
* Instructions on how to use the Visual Editor on UBC Wikis: [https://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Visual_Editor Help:Visual Editor]<br />
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_finalizing.png ||<br />
* Continue to work towards improving and finalizing your Wiki.<br />
* Consider the wiki as a whole and the usefulness of adding images and links.<br />
* Check your Talk page to see if your peers provided you with any useful feedback<br />
* Ensure your Wiki is properly cited<br />
* Proofread your Wiki<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_research.gif || <br />
* Gather resources in relevance of your discoveries to class materials.<br />
* Familiarize yourself with the wiki-authoring tools of [[GRSJ224/wikibasics|Wiki Basics]]<br />
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_submit.gif ||<br />
* Submit "Wikipedia Report" to your instructor in Connect<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| https://connect.ubc.ca/bbcswebdav/courses/WS.UBC.FL.GRSJ.224.COURSECONTENT.2014S/Files%20for%20UBC%20Wiki/wiki_drafting.gif || <br />
* Read: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles Wikipedia's guide to Writing Better Articles]<br />
* Write content relevant to class material.<br />
* Tailor your page to your audience.<br />
* Check out your peers’ draft Wikis below and provide feedback using the [http://wiki.ubc.ca/Help:Talk_pages Talk pages]<br />
* The intellectual rules of property DO apply: provide [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink links], not [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism plagiarisms].<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Helpful Links:'''<br />
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d2u58vo0/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_kmj3r79h Embed an Image]<br />
* [https://wiki.ubc.ca/GRSJ224/racialdiscrimination Embed a Video]<br />
* [https://admin.video.ubc.ca/index.php/kwidget/wid/0_d478y7sn/uiconf_id/11170637/entry_id/0_sg3scx28 Link to an external website]<br />
<br />
=== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===<br />
<br />
{| width="100%" class="wikitable" style="background:aliceblue; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color: #AEDCF6;" border="1" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"<br />
|- <br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Democracy</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Neoliberalism</span></h2>====<br />
*<br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Post-coloniality</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Reproduction</span></h2>[[History of abortion in South Korea]] <br />
<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
|- <br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Immigration</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
[[GRSJ224/feminism-in-superhero-movies|Feminism in Superhero Movies]]<br />
<br />
{{Women in Professional Baseball}}<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Feminism</span></h2><br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Discrimination</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Masculinity</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Medicalization</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
====<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">LGBT Families</span></h2>====<br />
* <br />
<br />
| valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;width:25%" |<br />
<br />
===International Shadeism===<br />
<h2 style="margin:0; background:#2B3087; font-size:14px; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:white">Rituals</span></h2><br />
* <br />
<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===ARCHIVE===<br />
Here is an archive of the Wiki pages created by previous students: [[GRSJ224/archive|Archive of Wiki pages]]</div>MitchellRobinson