UBC Wiki - User contributions [en]

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T10:27:26Z

Jamiepeng:

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.sugarstand.com/images/sc/sc0063c.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
[[File:gumballs.jpg]] 
 

Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 {{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
[[File:dubblebubble.jpg]] 
 
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 

==== Candy Gum ====
[[File:charmsblowpop.jpg]] 
 
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 

==== Functional Gum ====
[[File:nicorette.jpg]] 
 
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but because of its inclusion of nicotine within the gum, it may taste more unpleasant (compared to regular sugar free gum). However, the cigarette taste could still be covered by an extra coating of flavor, which are available in mint or cinnamon.
 

==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”

[[File:medicalgum.jpg]]

==== Sugar Free Gum ====
[[File:dentynesugarfree.jpg]] 
 
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

File:Dentynesugarfree.jpg

2011-03-29T10:26:35Z

Jamiepeng:

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T10:26:15Z

Jamiepeng: /* Sugar Free Gum */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
[[File:gumballs.jpg]] 
 

Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 {{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
[[File:dubblebubble.jpg]] 
 
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 

==== Candy Gum ====
[[File:charmsblowpop.jpg]] 
 
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 

==== Functional Gum ====
[[File:nicorette.jpg]] 
 
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but because of its inclusion of nicotine within the gum, it may taste more unpleasant (compared to regular sugar free gum). However, the cigarette taste could still be covered by an extra coating of flavor, which are available in mint or cinnamon.
 

==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”

[[File:medicalgum.jpg]]

==== Sugar Free Gum ====
[[File:dentynesugarfree.jpg]] 
 
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

File:Medicalgum.jpg

2011-03-29T10:23:57Z

Jamiepeng:

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T10:23:49Z

Jamiepeng: /* Medical Gum */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
[[File:gumballs.jpg]] 
 

Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 {{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
[[File:dubblebubble.jpg]] 
 
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 

==== Candy Gum ====
[[File:charmsblowpop.jpg]] 
 
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 

==== Functional Gum ====
[[File:nicorette.jpg]] 
 
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but because of its inclusion of nicotine within the gum, it may taste more unpleasant (compared to regular sugar free gum). However, the cigarette taste could still be covered by an extra coating of flavor, which are available in mint or cinnamon.
 

==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”

[[File:medicalgum.jpg]]

==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T10:21:36Z

Jamiepeng: /* Functional Gum */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
[[File:gumballs.jpg]] 
 

Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 {{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
[[File:dubblebubble.jpg]] 
 
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 

==== Candy Gum ====
[[File:charmsblowpop.jpg]] 
 
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 

==== Functional Gum ====
[[File:nicorette.jpg]] 
 
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but because of its inclusion of nicotine within the gum, it may taste more unpleasant (compared to regular sugar free gum). However, the cigarette taste could still be covered by an extra coating of flavor, which are available in mint or cinnamon.
 

==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

File:Nicorette.jpg

2011-03-29T10:17:29Z

Jamiepeng:

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T10:15:04Z

Jamiepeng: /* Candy Gum */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
[[File:gumballs.jpg]] 
 

Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 {{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
[[File:dubblebubble.jpg]] 
 
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 

==== Candy Gum ====
[[File:charmsblowpop.jpg]] 
 
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 

==== Functional Gum ====
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but instead of the sweet flavors of mint or cinnamon, it tastes like cigarettes.
 
==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

File:Charmsblowpop.jpg

2011-03-29T10:14:31Z

Jamiepeng:

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T10:12:26Z

Jamiepeng: /* Bubble Gum */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
[[File:gumballs.jpg]] 
 

Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 {{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
[[File:dubblebubble.jpg]] 
 
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 

==== Candy Gum ====
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 
==== Functional Gum ====
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but instead of the sweet flavors of mint or cinnamon, it tastes like cigarettes.
 
==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

File:Dubblebubble.jpg

2011-03-29T10:11:30Z

Jamiepeng:

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T10:10:08Z

Jamiepeng: /* Gum Balls */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
[[File:gumballs.jpg]] 
 

Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 {{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 
==== Candy Gum ====
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 
==== Functional Gum ====
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but instead of the sweet flavors of mint or cinnamon, it tastes like cigarettes.
 
==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T10:08:18Z

Jamiepeng: /* Gum Balls */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
[[File:gumballs.jpg]] 
 
Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 {{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 
==== Candy Gum ====
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 
==== Functional Gum ====
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but instead of the sweet flavors of mint or cinnamon, it tastes like cigarettes.
 
==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

File:Gumballs.jpg

2011-03-29T10:06:05Z

Jamiepeng:

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T10:02:51Z

Jamiepeng: /* Gum Balls */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
[[File:http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_66HPKv5hci4/S13QLg4zBbI/AAAAAAAAAVc/T6CZgXLBqX8/s400/gumball+machine.jpg]]
Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 {{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 
==== Candy Gum ====
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 
==== Functional Gum ====
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but instead of the sweet flavors of mint or cinnamon, it tastes like cigarettes.
 
==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T09:58:27Z

Jamiepeng: /* Gum Balls */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 {{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 
==== Candy Gum ====
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 
==== Functional Gum ====
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but instead of the sweet flavors of mint or cinnamon, it tastes like cigarettes.
 
==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T09:57:57Z

Jamiepeng: /* Gum Balls */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made:
 
{{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}

==== Bubble Gum ====
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 
==== Candy Gum ====
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 
==== Functional Gum ====
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but instead of the sweet flavors of mint or cinnamon, it tastes like cigarettes.
 
==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T09:57:36Z

Jamiepeng: /* Gum Balls */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made: 
{{#ev:youtube | MrmVgYaW5jI | 400}}
 

==== Bubble Gum ====
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 
==== Candy Gum ====
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 
==== Functional Gum ====
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but instead of the sweet flavors of mint or cinnamon, it tastes like cigarettes.
 
==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T09:55:15Z

Jamiepeng: /* Types */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types of Gum=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
==== Gum Balls ====
Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made: 
[[File:<iframe title="YouTube video player" width="640" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/MrmVgYaW5jI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>]]
 
==== Bubble Gum ====
Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 
==== Candy Gum ====
Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 
==== Functional Gum ====
A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but instead of the sweet flavors of mint or cinnamon, it tastes like cigarettes.
 
==== Medical Gum ====
Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
==== Sugar Free Gum ====
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-29T09:50:11Z

Jamiepeng: /* Types of Gum */

{{Infobox_New_Course

|title= History 104

|picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.jpg

|subject code=HIST

|course number=104

|section number=99C

|instructor=Joy Dixon

|instructor 2=

|instructor 3=

|instructor 4=

|instructor 5=

|email=

|office=

|office hours=

|schedule=

|classroom=

}}




__TOC__

=Types=
Gum, or chewing gum is a food additive made from either natural latex (such as the resin of mastic trees, chicle, sap from spruce trees, etc) or synthetic rubber.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chewing gum,"

Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewing_gum (accessed March 23, 2011).</ref> The consumption of gum is driven by a commercial (or cultural) practice of ''chewing'', and is usually chewed as a mouth freshener. However, the commercialism of gum generated many other functions for it as well. Today, gum may be confectionery, playful, functional, or medical.
Basically, gum is produced from a combination of gum-base, sweeteners, flavorings, and food colorings—all of which may be varied, thus allowing gum to be produced in many different types of forms.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> They come in various sizes and shapes.
 
== Gum Balls ==
Gumballs are made by first scoring them into cylinder shapes, and then put into a specialized machine that processes them into ball-shapes after. The next step is to store them at a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees to harden their outer cores, which are later coated by various flavored and colored sucrose solutions. Preceding the sugar-coating process, gumballs are then rolled into beeswax to produce its shiny appearance.<ref>http://www.gumballs.com/how-gumballs-are-made.html</ref> The taste and texture of Gumballs are hard on the outside (which sometimes are difficult to bite into), but soft on the inside, where the gum lies. Gumballs are usually consumed as a confection, and are dispensed by vending gum-machines at 25 cents a piece. Below is a video from the Discovery Channel on how gumball machines are made: 
[[File:<iframe title="YouTube video player" width="640" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/MrmVgYaW5jI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>]]
 
== Bubble Gum ==

Bubble gum is made especially for blowing bubbles. This type of gum was invented by Walter E. Diemer, and is most famous for its name as the Dubble Bubble.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref> Following his creation, Diemer himself had to teach his salesmen how to blow bubbles from gum in order to make his invention a success. Bubble gum is less sticky than regular chewing gum, and it also stretched more easily. During the time of its creation, the factory where Diemer worked at only had pink food coloring—and thus most bubble gum today are made in pink.<ref>http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/bubblegum.htm</ref>
 
== Candy Gum ==

Candy gum is simply candy with bubble gum filled in its inner-center.<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> A popular example would be the lollipop phenomenon, Charms Blow Pop. This type of confection is made by surrounding a small piece of bubble gum with a shell of hard candy, which usually comes in different fruit flavors.<ref>http://www.tootsie.com/products.php?pid=119</ref>
 
== Functional Gum ==

A functional gum is a type of gum that has a practical function attached,<ref>http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/different-types-of-chewing-gum-2406.html</ref> meaning that it is not consumed for flavors or fun. For instance, Nicorette, or nicotine gum is a functional gum, which is used to deliver nicotine into the body.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nicotine gum,"
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_gum (accessed March 26, 2011).</ref> Nicotine gum assists smokers to quit smoking. It is used to replace some of the nicotine that the smoker no longer receives through cigarettes by reducing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.<ref>http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1938&channel_id=2022&relation_id=16707</ref> Nicorette is formed the same way as a chewing gum, but instead of the sweet flavors of mint or cinnamon, it tastes like cigarettes.
 
== Medical Gum ==

Medical gum or medicated gum is used as a faster drug delivery system than pills (through the introduction of saliva).<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> Similar to nicotine gum, medical gum are also in the same form as regular chewing gum. Medicated gum is available for pain relief, minor illnesses, and vitamin or mineral supplements.<ref>http://www.docstoc.com/docs/12497880/medicated-chewing-gum</ref> They are specifically indicated as…

:"Solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gum that are intended to be chewed but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systematic delivery after absorption through buccal mucosa.”
== Sugar Free Gum ==
The most common type of gum is sugar free gum. Chewing sugar free gum stimulates the production of saliva. The increase of saliva assists washing away food particles, neutralizes plaque acids in the mouth, balancing the pH after eating, as well as remineralizing tooth enamel.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref> Dentyne gum is an example of sugar free gum. Not only do sugar free gum help benefit the oral health and prevent cavities, they are also flavored to freshen our mouths.<ref>http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sugar-free-chewing-gum.htm</ref> Some sugar free gum also contains teeth-whitening agents. Many dental studies show that chewing sugar free gum immediately after meals can help reduce the risk of tooth decay by up to 40%.<ref>http://www.betteroralhealth.info/orbit_us/about-wrigley/frequently-asked-questions/wrigleys-sugarfree-gum/index.htm</ref>

=Flavors=

=Production=

=Advertising=
With a gum named by combining the words “dental” and “hygiene,”<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref> the company’s advertisements focus on the importance of freshening your breath with its product. In the United States, the chewing gum industry totals sales of over $2 billion a year, which averages out to more than 190 sticks of gum per person each year<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>. Dentyne gum is purchased by consumers of all ages, but people under twenty constitute the biggest marker<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. William Wrigley Jr., founder of the William Wrigley Jr. Company, said, “Anybody can make gum; the trick is to sell it”<ref>Blery, Evangelia K. and Antoniades, Loukas (2010). "Marketing Chewing Gum: A Case Study of a Cypriot Company." Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16:4, 337-349. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2010.509227.</ref>.

==Advertising in the Twentieth Century==
[[File:1940 printad.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A 1940 print advertisement claiming Dentyen Chewing Gum to be "mouth healthy." Source:<ref>"Dentyne Gum - 1940A." Magazine Art. <http://www.magazineart.org/main.php/v/ads/foodandbev/candyandtreats/Dentyne+Gum+-1940A.jpg.html>.</ref>]]

Originally, Dentyne gum was advertised through print. An early example of a Dentyne print ad is a 1940 advertisement claiming Dentyne gum is “mouth healthy” (right). With the commercialization of television sets, Dentyne gum now advertises through TV commercials in addition to print ads. Starting with its first commercial in 1956 and for the following forty years, Dentyne emphasized its gum as a substitute to mouthwash and toothpaste by campaigning Dentyne as a gum that “brushes your breath” through over twenty-five TV ad campaigns<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>. Dentyne then changed its angle when it launched Dentyne Ice in 1997 and for the next six years advertised Dentyne Ice as icy cold<ref>"Dentyne." Cadbury. <http://collaboration.cadbury.com/allaboutus/ourbrands/featurebrands/Pages/Dentyne2.aspx>.</ref>, using taglines such as, “Ice at its coldest.”

 {{#ev:youtube | 8M-_uW3_gX4 | 400}}

==Advertising in the Twenty-first Century==
With the growing prominence of technology, Dentyne played off of the new generation’s dependence on technology to suggest Dentyne gum as a connection between the technological and the outside world. This “make face time” campaign, launched in 2008, involved television commercials, print advertisements, and an interactive website that users could only access for three minutes at a time. Print advertisements utilize references to technology, such as the slogan “the original instant message” accompanying an image of a couple kissing, or “friend request accepted” with two friends embracing<ref>Miller, Claire Cain (2008, Sept 24). "Get Off the Internet, and Chew Some Gum." The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/business/media/25adco.html?_r=1.</ref>. A commercial shows similar images and slogans, such as a group of friends hanging out accompanied by the words, “chatroom full.” Craig Marcus, an executive creative direction at McCann Erickson, the advertising company responsible for the campaign, noted that gum makes “those moments more special… Gum makes kissing better, conversation better, it wakes us up a little bit, refreshes our mouths."<ref>Chaudhuri, Saabira (2008, Oct 9). "Log Off, Latch On, Make Facetime: Dentyne's New Campaign Turns Heads." Fast Company. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/saabira-chaudhuri/itinerant-mind/log-latch-make-facetime-dentynes-new-campaign-turns-heads.</ref> This method of emphasizing important relationships, and Dentyne’s involvement in those relationships, was a deviation from Dentyne’s traditional advertising style promoting Dentyne as a way of having healthy teeth.

 {{#ev:youtube | kAGoqhXtrX4 | 400}}

 However, Dentyne returned to its emphasis on the importance of clean, fresh breath in romantic relationships with its “Practice Safe Breath” campaign for Dentyne Ice launched in 2010. Television commercials for this campaign show couples becoming intimate, but not before they pull out their packet of Dentyne Ice gum. Here, Dentyne is suggesting that having fresh breath is crucial for becoming intimate and the way to have fresh breath is to purchase their product. Early in 2011, Dentyne teamed up with comedian Marlon Wayans to launch a similar campaign for Dentyne Pure called the “Safe Breath Alliance.” This campaign portrays Dentyne as a movement “dedicated to putting an end to unsafe breath”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>; by purchasing Dentyne Pure gum, “you can give 12 people the safest breath they’ve ever had”<ref>"Dentyne (Info)." Facebook. <http://www.facebook.com/Dentyne?sk=info>.</ref>. This campaign again utilizes technology, in this case with its Facebook fanpage where people can join the Safe Breath Alliance, a made-up organization to promote safe breath.

 {{#ev:youtube | dPZuBNH6d00 | 400}}

References:
<references/>

Course:HIST104/Dentyne Gum

2011-03-22T05:56:12Z

Jamiepeng: Created page with " {{Infobox_New_Course |title= History 104 |picture=http://www.candiesdelight.com/v/vspfiles/photos/dimmg696-2.j..."