https://wiki.ubc.ca/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=EsineUBC Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-10-01T22:15:26ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.9https://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics:Clinical_Practice&diff=300319Dietetics:Clinical Practice2014-05-26T02:21:43Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
Screening and prioritizing a patient caseload is an important skill to have as a clinical dietitian, as it determines which patients are at nutritional risk and where to allocate clinical and staffing resources. Some dietetic interns may struggle with this during their internship as it requires synthesizing, integrating and applying information from numerous sources. This wiki offers some guidelines and examples of how to screen and prioritize a patient caseload in an acute care setting. As noted throughout this page, there are no universal guidelines and each health authority, hospital or clinical area will differ with its protocol and procedures.<br />
<br />
== What Should You Consider When Prioritizing a Patient Caseload in Acute Care? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Depending on the health authority/hospital this information can be obtained from the patient census, diet records, chart, Kardex, computer database, patient or meal rounds or through discussion with other members of the interdisciplinary healthcare team. The following is a general list of questions to consider when prioritizing a patient caseload in acute care. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Nutrition Support: Enteral Nutrition (EN)/Parenteral Nutrition (PN)'''<br />
* Is the patient starting EN or PN?<br />
* Is the patient showing signs of intolerance to nutrition support?<br />
* Is the patient transitioning from EN/PN to an oral diet/EN?<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Restrictive or Modified Texture Diets'''<br />
* Is the patient on one or more specialized diets that restrict dietary intake?<br />
* Is the patient on a modified texture diet, such as a dysphagia diet? <br />
* Does the patient have any food allergies, intolerances or preferences that restrict dietary intake?<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Inadequate Intake'''<br />
* Has the patient been NPO for several consecutive days?<br />
* Has the patient not been eating due to a decreased level of consciousness or decreased appetite?<br />
* Has the patient been on a clear fluid or full fluid diet for several consecutive days?<br />
* Has the patient been having any GI symptoms (e.g. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain)?<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Malnutrition'''<br />
* Has the patient lost a significant amount of weight?<br />
* Is the patient at risk of refeeding syndrome?<br />
* Is the patient hypermetabolic/hypercatabolic (increased protein and energy needs)?<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Interventions'''<br />
* Has the patient recently undergone major surgery/procedures, illness or trauma that may affect intake, digestion or absorption?<br />
* Is the patient mechanically ventilated (e.g. tracheostomy)?<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Bloodwork'''<br />
* Does the patient have abnormal laboratory values that may be of nutritional concern?<br />
<br />
== Sample Screening and Prioritization Tools ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Possible Screening and Prioritization Procedure for Dietitian Workload.pdf]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Nutrition Care Indicator Categories.pdf]]<br />
<br />
== Practice Case Study ==<br />
<br />
{{#widget:Widget:Prezi|id=zn6v9_ukggwh|linktext= Patient Screening and Prioritization}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Below is a link to a worksheet for the case study in the Prezi.<br />
<br />
[[Media:Patient Screening and Prioritizing Case Study Worksheet.pdf|Patient Screening and Prioritizing Case Study Worksheet]]<br />
<br />
If you would just like to practice a screening and prioritization scenario, view the PowToon. <br />
{{#widget:YouTube|id=D-7G8ZTNLG4|width=500}}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Further Reading ==<br />
<br />
# Chima CS, Dietz-Seher C, Kushner-Benson S. Nutrition risk screening in acute care: A survey of practice. ''Nutrition in clinical practice: official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition''. 2008;23:417-423.<br />
# Porter J, Jamieson R. Triaging in dietetics: Do we prioritise the right patients? ''Nutrition & Dietetics''. 2013;70:21-26.<br />
# Skipper A, Ferguson M, Thompson K, Castellanos VH, Porcari J. Nutrition screening tools: An analysis of the evidence. ''Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition''. 2012;36:292-298.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics:FoodSecurity&diff=300318Dietetics:FoodSecurity2014-05-26T02:16:48Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div><big>According to the FAO, food security exists <br />
:''"when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life."''</big> <br />
<br /><br />
<br />
Over 800 000 people were helped by food banks in 2013 across Canada and in 2010, food insecurity affected over 8% of British Columbians. According to the Dietitians of Canada, over 10 percent of Canadians (3 million) do not have enough money to buy safe and nutritious food. <br />
This prevents them from:<br />
* Meeting their dietary needs<br />
* Having the foods they prefer<br />
* Enjoying a healthy diet<br />
<br />
From PEN:<br />
<br /><br />
Lower socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with poorer quality diets; higher SES has been associated with better diet quality. Research on low income earners has frequently found that after basic needs, such as shelter, clothing, transportation are met, there is insufficient income for healthy well-balanced nutritious diets.<br />
<br />
Analysis of data derived from a combination of dietary records, supermarket sales and national food prices has indicated that:<br />
* healthier food choices (especially fruit and vegetables) are often more expensive than less healthier items.<br />
* lower cost food items tend to be higher in energy (calories), added sugars and fats and lower in fiber and micronutrients.<br />
<br />
When investigated as a function of price per nutrient, some fruit and vegetables have a low price per nutrient. In research, cabbage, carrots, oranges, bananas, fruit juices and frozen and canned vegetables demonstrated the most favourable nutrient to price ratio.<br />
<br />
Food security is a topic that you will encounter when counselling patients as registered dietitians. Understanding what issues that could arise with insufficient income will help us in being able to provide practical nutritional advice.<br />
<br />
Below are some resources to help you when counselling individuals living on low income. These have been compiled by past and current UBC Dietetics students, interns and dietitians. <br />
<br />
== '''Food Insecurity Background Information''' == <br />
<br />
[http://www.foodbankscanada.ca/FoodBanks/MediaLibrary/HungerCount/HungerCount2013.pdf Hunger Count 2013]: A comprehensive report on hunger and food bank usage in Canada, and recommendations for change<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/CostofEatingBC2011_FINAL.aspx Cost of Eating 2011]: $868.43 is the cost of eating for a family of 4 for a month in 2011. <br />
<br />
== '''Testimonial Videos''' == <br />
<br />
{{#widget:Vimeo|id=77161468|width=500}}<br />
<br />
[http://vimeo.com/77161468 Fraser Breaks Down Welfare Rates]<br />
<br />
== '''Practical Information for the RD''' ==<br />
<br />
=== Welfare Food Challenge === <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Welfare-Food-Challenge---Struggling-to-Eat-on-the-.aspx%20 Welfare Food Challenge 2013]: RDs, interns and students take on the challenge of eating on $26 a week. <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Eating-on-$26-for-a-Week-to-Help-End-Poverty.aspx Welfare Food Challenge: Colleen McGuire, RD]: Practice Blog entry on her experiences <br />
<br />
Why $26? The BC government provides $610 a month in welfare to an able-bodied single person who has to prove they are looking for work. After subtracting rent, a damage deposit, bus fare, a cheap cell phone and personal hygiene products, there is about $109 left for food per month or $1308 per year. This equates to $3.58 per day or $25.09 per week – which is rounded up to $26. There is no allowance for clothes, a coffee, haircuts, or any social life or treats. <br />
<br />
Quote from one of the DC Practice bloggers, Erika Kang, RD: <br />
:"Ultimately I learned from this challenge that $26 per week is not enough to buy a healthy diet.<br />
: <br />
:On the plus side, I did learn 3 practical tips to help people with financial difficulties:<br />
:* Focus on making meals from scratch instead of buying convenience and processed meals. Although these can be tempting and convenient, they are usually low in nutrients and costly. Education is critical to provide people with the food skills necessary to cook homemade nutritious meals.<br />
:* Use dried beans and lentils as a protein source. Although it takes a bit of planning to soak and cook beans in advance, this is a great way to save money.<br />
:* Plan meals in advance to reduce stress. Knowing what you're going to eat in the coming week is a comforting feeling and ensures that your food will last until the next grocery trip."<br />
:<br />
<br />
=== Counselling Strategies ===<br />
<br />
{{#widget:YouTube|id=9SFiwZzZCH8|width=500}}<br />
<br />
General Tips: <br />
* buy bulk<br />
* buy items on sale, or use coupons<br />
* use recipes that do not require special equipment<br />
* buy foods that are in season, as they tend to be cheaper<br />
* use a list when shopping, to prevent unplanned/spontaneous purchases<br />
* have a few basic recipes on hand, that are versatile and can use any ingredients<br />
* find ways to incorporate leftover into other meals<br />
<br />
== '''Patient Resources''' ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.livinghealthyschools.com/pdf/2011/Affordable_Healthy_Eating.pdf Affordable Healthy Eating] <br />
<br />
[http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/library/publications/year/2002/HealthyEatingdoc.pdf Healthy Eating: Cheap and Easy]: Practical tips and information on eating on a budget<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/NM2014_Fact_Sheet_2_Eng_C.aspx Simply Cook and Enjoy!] (2014 Nutrition Month focus): Handout on stretching your food dollar.<br />
<br />
[http://www.pennutrition.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/viewhandout.aspx?Portal=UbY=&id=JMbnWgY=&PreviewHandout=bA== Eating Well While Spending Less]: PEN Handout <br />
<br />
=== Food Banks, Community Kitchens and Other Food Resources for Patients === <br />
<br />
[[ http://www.singleparentfoodbank.org/index.php/2011-11-01-23-20-38/our-team|The Single Parent Food Banks of BC Society]]<br />
Maple Ridge: SPFB has been providing essential food bank service in the lower mainland for over 16 years to low-income single parent families. We are a small, self-supporting, independent organization with a primary mission of providing what are classified as hard-to-stock items at many food banks - quality, nutritional perishable foods. We buy baby items for emergency packages and receive non-perishable foods as they are donated.<br />
<br />
Carnegie Community Centre<br />
604-665-2220<br />
401 Main Street Vancouver, BC V6A 2T7<br />
The Carnegie Community Centre provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with affordable, nutritious food 3 times a day, 365 days a year from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Downtown Eastside Kitchen Tables Project]<br />
Hosted by the Potluck Cafe Society, the Kitchen Tables Project is a collaboration of residents, food and service providers to create a sustainable Downtown Eastside Food System that enables people to access, abundant healthy food in a dignified manner while creating jobs in the community. Information about the locations of food distribution is available online and posted in key locations across the Downtown Eastside Community.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdewc.ca%2Fprograms%2Fhealth-and-wellness&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHwq2tPV_CldNA9wOZDJMmVIvGVLg Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre Kitchen]<br />
The Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre offers women and their children with a free lunch every day between 12:30 and 1:45 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.have-cafe.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGErRtlMmK0U87_AT1tblCBHY8eEg HAVE Cafe: HAVE Culinary Training Society]<br />
Hosted at the HAVE Cafe, the HAVE Culinary Training Society is a culinary training program that offers food service job training and work opportunities to individuals who experience financial, mental, and/or physical barriers to employment. The training program at HAVE Cafe helps individuals to gain the employment skills needed to work in the tourism and hospitality industry.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.potluckcatering.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFmcxp2KEbCqFrjZpmFyzRwGarB5Q Potluck Cafe Society]<br />
The Potluck Cafe Society is a non-profit organization that offers the residents of the Downtown Eastside with accessible nutrition, employment, on-the-job training, community kitchen, and other meal programs, like the [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Kitchen Tables Project].<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fquestoutreach.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFkj9-l0O-_mFbRICBXZYxftRtlSQ Quest Food Exchange]<br />
The Food Exchange program provides individuals living on low income access to affordable, healthy food through the food programs like the Not-For-Profit Grocery Markets, Bulk Food Orders, Gift Certificates, and Community Kitchen.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugm.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEUUrs1EQ4G0-nmf2d2slcxyc7t7A Union Gospel Mission] <br />
The Union Gospel Mission provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with free and nutritious meals 3 times a day, 365 days a year. The organization also hosts special celebratory meals for thousands of residents on Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter, and during an annual Summer BBQ.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fevelyne-saller-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGR5o6VQhLdt3JvuAeZO2Gf-CYb1g Evelyne Saller Centre]<br />
Amenities include social, recreational and life-skill development programs, showers, laundry, and cafeteria with low-cost meals. The centre is located at 320 Alexander St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-3075.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fgathering-place-community-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGL5dkXzIs8kjaiLoSZd_xnxhTcZA Gathering Place Community Centre]<br />
Amenities include an education centre, reading room, low-cost cafeteria, and programs for arts and recreation, health, youth and volunteers. The centre is located at 609 Helmcken St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-2391.<br />
<br />
=== Food Banks ===<br />
<br />
Food banks are available in a number of areas in the Lower Mainland. Please contact theGreater Vancouver Food Bank Society, at 604-876-3601, if you are unsure where your local food bank is located.<br />
<br />
The following is a list of some food banks available in the Lower Mainland:<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbanksbritishcolumbia.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEnzQ1fSWRiGVZ0dZxsYkIHDcy4sg Food Banks British Columbia]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbankscanada.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHeORWxRRF7yPJRGJacibv3k599vA Food Banks Canada]<br />
:* [https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbank.bc.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEMGqC-HRBQyhx4o2rmBWWKYxOFog Greater Vancouver Food Bank Society (GVFBS)]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleyfoodbank.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEfHtkCQec8n55crNl49Hhiioa0Ug Langley Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmondfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGyGU55ssXoCb3ZOIwR-ydvSxwiDg Richmond Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreyfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFtH2KLG5R63I7gn6ONNn5VxNJ4qA Surrey Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singleparentfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHpX_pK7PEmMKUVjisy9V4yX4kPWQ Single Parent Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sharesociety.ca%2FProgramsGroups%2FFoodBank%2FFoodBankReceiveAssistance%2Ftabid%2F343%2FDefault.aspx%3FPageContentMode%3D1&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHKhYO4FFIf_YX5Az5K7Zec0zq2Xg Share Society Food Bank]</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics:FoodSecurity&diff=300317Dietetics:FoodSecurity2014-05-26T01:08:27Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div><big>According to the FAO, food security exists <br />
:''"when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life."''</big> <br />
<br /><br />
<br />
Over 800 000 people were helped by food banks in 2013 across Canada and in 2010, food insecurity affected over 8% of British Columbians. According to the Dietitians of Canada, over 10 percent of Canadians (3 million) do not have enough money to buy safe and nutritious food. <br />
This prevents them from:<br />
* Meeting their dietary needs<br />
* Having the foods they prefer<br />
* Enjoying a healthy diet<br />
<br />
From PEN:<br />
<br /><br />
Lower socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with poorer quality diets; higher SES has been associated with better diet quality. Research on low income earners has frequently found that after basic needs, such as shelter, clothing, transportation are met, there is insufficient income for healthy well-balanced nutritious diets.<br />
<br />
Analysis of data derived from a combination of dietary records, supermarket sales and national food prices has indicated that:<br />
* healthier food choices (especially fruit and vegetables) are often more expensive than less healthier items.<br />
* lower cost food items tend to be higher in energy (calories), added sugars and fats and lower in fiber and micronutrients.<br />
<br />
When investigated as a function of price per nutrient, some fruit and vegetables have a low price per nutrient. In research, cabbage, carrots, oranges, bananas, fruit juices and frozen and canned vegetables demonstrated the most favourable nutrient to price ratio.<br />
<br />
Food security is a topic that you will encounter when counselling patients as registered dietitians. Understanding what issues that could arise with insufficient income will help us in being able to provide practical nutritional advice.<br />
<br />
Below are some resources to help you when counselling individuals living on low income. These have been compiled by past and current UBC Dietetics students, interns and dietitians. <br />
<br />
== '''Food Insecurity Background Information''' == <br />
<br />
[http://www.foodbankscanada.ca/FoodBanks/MediaLibrary/HungerCount/HungerCount2013.pdf Hunger Count 2013]: A comprehensive report on hunger and food bank usage in Canada, and recommendations for change<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/CostofEatingBC2011_FINAL.aspx Cost of Eating 2011]: $868.43 is the cost of eating for a family of 4 for a month in 2011. <br />
<br />
== '''Testimonial Videos''' == <br />
<br />
{{#widget:Vimeo|id=77161468|width=500}}<br />
<br />
[http://vimeo.com/77161468 Fraser Breaks Down Welfare Rates]<br />
<br />
== '''Practical Information for the RD''' ==<br />
<br />
=== Welfare Food Challenge === <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Welfare-Food-Challenge---Struggling-to-Eat-on-the-.aspx%20 Welfare Food Challenge 2013]: RDs, interns and students take on the challenge of eating on $26 a week. <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Eating-on-$26-for-a-Week-to-Help-End-Poverty.aspx Welfare Food Challenge: Colleen McGuire, RD]: Practice Blog entry on her experiences <br />
<br />
Why $26? The BC government provides $610 a month in welfare to an able-bodied single person who has to prove they are looking for work. After subtracting rent, a damage deposit, bus fare, a cheap cell phone and personal hygiene products, there is about $109 left for food per month or $1308 per year. This equates to $3.58 per day or $25.09 per week – which is rounded up to $26. There is no allowance for clothes, a coffee, haircuts, or any social life or treats. <br />
<br />
Quote from one of the DC Practice bloggers, Erika Kang, RD: <br />
:"Ultimately I learned from this challenge that $26 per week is not enough to buy a healthy diet.<br />
: <br />
:On the plus side, I did learn 3 practical tips to help people with financial difficulties:<br />
:* Focus on making meals from scratch instead of buying convenience and processed meals. Although these can be tempting and convenient, they are usually low in nutrients and costly. Education is critical to provide people with the food skills necessary to cook homemade nutritious meals.<br />
:* Use dried beans and lentils as a protein source. Although it takes a bit of planning to soak and cook beans in advance, this is a great way to save money.<br />
:* Plan meals in advance to reduce stress. Knowing what you're going to eat in the coming week is a comforting feeling and ensures that your food will last until the next grocery trip."<br />
:<br />
<br />
=== Counselling Strategies ===<br />
<br />
General Tips: <br />
* buy bulk<br />
* buy items on sale, or use coupons<br />
* use recipes that do not require special equipment<br />
* buy foods that are in season, as they tend to be cheaper<br />
* use a list when shopping, to prevent unplanned/spontaneous purchases<br />
* have a few basic recipes on hand, that are versatile and can use any ingredients<br />
* find ways to incorporate leftover into other meals<br />
<br />
== '''Patient Resources''' ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.livinghealthyschools.com/pdf/2011/Affordable_Healthy_Eating.pdf Affordable Healthy Eating] <br />
<br />
[http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/library/publications/year/2002/HealthyEatingdoc.pdf Healthy Eating: Cheap and Easy]: Practical tips and information on eating on a budget<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/NM2014_Fact_Sheet_2_Eng_C.aspx Simply Cook and Enjoy!] (2014 Nutrition Month focus): Handout on stretching your food dollar.<br />
<br />
[http://www.pennutrition.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/viewhandout.aspx?Portal=UbY=&id=JMbnWgY=&PreviewHandout=bA== Eating Well While Spending Less]: PEN Handout <br />
<br />
=== Food Banks, Community Kitchens and Other Food Resources for Patients === <br />
<br />
[[ http://www.singleparentfoodbank.org/index.php/2011-11-01-23-20-38/our-team|The Single Parent Food Banks of BC Society]]<br />
Maple Ridge: SPFB has been providing essential food bank service in the lower mainland for over 16 years to low-income single parent families. We are a small, self-supporting, independent organization with a primary mission of providing what are classified as hard-to-stock items at many food banks - quality, nutritional perishable foods. We buy baby items for emergency packages and receive non-perishable foods as they are donated.<br />
<br />
Carnegie Community Centre<br />
604-665-2220<br />
401 Main Street Vancouver, BC V6A 2T7<br />
The Carnegie Community Centre provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with affordable, nutritious food 3 times a day, 365 days a year from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Downtown Eastside Kitchen Tables Project]<br />
Hosted by the Potluck Cafe Society, the Kitchen Tables Project is a collaboration of residents, food and service providers to create a sustainable Downtown Eastside Food System that enables people to access, abundant healthy food in a dignified manner while creating jobs in the community. Information about the locations of food distribution is available online and posted in key locations across the Downtown Eastside Community.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdewc.ca%2Fprograms%2Fhealth-and-wellness&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHwq2tPV_CldNA9wOZDJMmVIvGVLg Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre Kitchen]<br />
The Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre offers women and their children with a free lunch every day between 12:30 and 1:45 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.have-cafe.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGErRtlMmK0U87_AT1tblCBHY8eEg HAVE Cafe: HAVE Culinary Training Society]<br />
Hosted at the HAVE Cafe, the HAVE Culinary Training Society is a culinary training program that offers food service job training and work opportunities to individuals who experience financial, mental, and/or physical barriers to employment. The training program at HAVE Cafe helps individuals to gain the employment skills needed to work in the tourism and hospitality industry.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.potluckcatering.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFmcxp2KEbCqFrjZpmFyzRwGarB5Q Potluck Cafe Society]<br />
The Potluck Cafe Society is a non-profit organization that offers the residents of the Downtown Eastside with accessible nutrition, employment, on-the-job training, community kitchen, and other meal programs, like the [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Kitchen Tables Project].<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fquestoutreach.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFkj9-l0O-_mFbRICBXZYxftRtlSQ Quest Food Exchange]<br />
The Food Exchange program provides individuals living on low income access to affordable, healthy food through the food programs like the Not-For-Profit Grocery Markets, Bulk Food Orders, Gift Certificates, and Community Kitchen.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugm.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEUUrs1EQ4G0-nmf2d2slcxyc7t7A Union Gospel Mission] <br />
The Union Gospel Mission provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with free and nutritious meals 3 times a day, 365 days a year. The organization also hosts special celebratory meals for thousands of residents on Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter, and during an annual Summer BBQ.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fevelyne-saller-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGR5o6VQhLdt3JvuAeZO2Gf-CYb1g Evelyne Saller Centre]<br />
Amenities include social, recreational and life-skill development programs, showers, laundry, and cafeteria with low-cost meals. The centre is located at 320 Alexander St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-3075.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fgathering-place-community-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGL5dkXzIs8kjaiLoSZd_xnxhTcZA Gathering Place Community Centre]<br />
Amenities include an education centre, reading room, low-cost cafeteria, and programs for arts and recreation, health, youth and volunteers. The centre is located at 609 Helmcken St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-2391.<br />
<br />
=== Food Banks ===<br />
<br />
Food banks are available in a number of areas in the Lower Mainland. Please contact theGreater Vancouver Food Bank Society, at 604-876-3601, if you are unsure where your local food bank is located.<br />
<br />
The following is a list of some food banks available in the Lower Mainland:<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbanksbritishcolumbia.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEnzQ1fSWRiGVZ0dZxsYkIHDcy4sg Food Banks British Columbia]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbankscanada.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHeORWxRRF7yPJRGJacibv3k599vA Food Banks Canada]<br />
:* [https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbank.bc.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEMGqC-HRBQyhx4o2rmBWWKYxOFog Greater Vancouver Food Bank Society (GVFBS)]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleyfoodbank.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEfHtkCQec8n55crNl49Hhiioa0Ug Langley Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmondfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGyGU55ssXoCb3ZOIwR-ydvSxwiDg Richmond Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreyfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFtH2KLG5R63I7gn6ONNn5VxNJ4qA Surrey Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singleparentfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHpX_pK7PEmMKUVjisy9V4yX4kPWQ Single Parent Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sharesociety.ca%2FProgramsGroups%2FFoodBank%2FFoodBankReceiveAssistance%2Ftabid%2F343%2FDefault.aspx%3FPageContentMode%3D1&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHKhYO4FFIf_YX5Az5K7Zec0zq2Xg Share Society Food Bank]</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics:FoodSecurity&diff=300316Dietetics:FoodSecurity2014-05-26T01:06:36Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div><big>According to the FAO, food security exists <br />
:"when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life."</big> <br />
<br />
Over 800 000 people were helped by food banks in 2013 across Canada and in 2010, food insecurity affected over 8% of British Columbians. According to the Dietitians of Canada, over 10 percent of Canadians (3 million) do not have enough money to buy safe and nutritious food. <br />
This prevents them from:<br />
* Meeting their dietary needs<br />
* Having the foods they prefer<br />
* Enjoying a healthy diet<br />
<br />
From PEN:<br />
Lower socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with poorer quality diets; higher SES has been associated with better diet quality. Research on low income earners has frequently found that after basic needs, such as shelter, clothing, transportation are met, there is insufficient income for healthy well-balanced nutritious diets.<br />
<br />
Analysis of data derived from a combination of dietary records, supermarket sales and national food prices has indicated that:<br />
* :healthier food choices (especially fruit and vegetables) are often more expensive than less healthier items.<br />
* :lower cost food items tend to be higher in energy (calories), added sugars and fats and lower in fiber and micronutrients.<br />
<br />
When investigated as a function of price per nutrient, some fruit and vegetables have a low price per nutrient. In research, cabbage, carrots, oranges, bananas, fruit juices and frozen and canned vegetables demonstrated the most favourable nutrient to price ratio.<br />
<br />
Food security is a topic that you will encounter when counselling patients as registered dietitians. Understanding what issues that could arise with insufficient income will help us in being able to provide practical nutritional advice.<br />
<br />
Below are some resources to help you when counselling individuals living on low income. These have been compiled by past and current UBC Dietetics students, interns and dietitians. <br />
<br />
== '''Food Insecurity Background Information''' == <br />
<br />
[http://www.foodbankscanada.ca/FoodBanks/MediaLibrary/HungerCount/HungerCount2013.pdf Hunger Count 2013]: A comprehensive report on hunger and food bank usage in Canada, and recommendations for change<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/CostofEatingBC2011_FINAL.aspx Cost of Eating 2011]: $868.43 is the cost of eating for a family of 4 for a month in 2011. <br />
<br />
== '''Testimonial Videos''' == <br />
<br />
{{#widget:Vimeo|id=77161468|width=500}}<br />
<br />
[http://vimeo.com/77161468 Fraser Breaks Down Welfare Rates]<br />
<br />
== '''Practical Information for the RD''' ==<br />
<br />
=== Welfare Food Challenge === <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Welfare-Food-Challenge---Struggling-to-Eat-on-the-.aspx%20 Welfare Food Challenge 2013]: RDs, interns and students take on the challenge of eating on $26 a week. <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Eating-on-$26-for-a-Week-to-Help-End-Poverty.aspx Welfare Food Challenge: Colleen McGuire, RD]: Practice Blog entry on her experiences <br />
<br />
Why $26? The BC government provides $610 a month in welfare to an able-bodied single person who has to prove they are looking for work. After subtracting rent, a damage deposit, bus fare, a cheap cell phone and personal hygiene products, there is about $109 left for food per month or $1308 per year. This equates to $3.58 per day or $25.09 per week – which is rounded up to $26. There is no allowance for clothes, a coffee, haircuts, or any social life or treats. <br />
<br />
Quote from one of the DC Practice bloggers, Erika Kang, RD: <br />
:"Ultimately I learned from this challenge that $26 per week is not enough to buy a healthy diet.<br />
: <br />
:On the plus side, I did learn 3 practical tips to help people with financial difficulties:<br />
:* Focus on making meals from scratch instead of buying convenience and processed meals. Although these can be tempting and convenient, they are usually low in nutrients and costly. Education is critical to provide people with the food skills necessary to cook homemade nutritious meals.<br />
:* Use dried beans and lentils as a protein source. Although it takes a bit of planning to soak and cook beans in advance, this is a great way to save money.<br />
:* Plan meals in advance to reduce stress. Knowing what you're going to eat in the coming week is a comforting feeling and ensures that your food will last until the next grocery trip."<br />
:<br />
<br />
=== Counselling Strategies ===<br />
<br />
General Tips: <br />
* buy bulk<br />
* buy items on sale, or use coupons<br />
* use recipes that do not require special equipment<br />
* buy foods that are in season, as they tend to be cheaper<br />
* use a list when shopping, to prevent unplanned/spontaneous purchases<br />
* have a few basic recipes on hand, that are versatile and can use any ingredients<br />
* find ways to incorporate leftover into other meals<br />
<br />
== '''Patient Resources''' ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.livinghealthyschools.com/pdf/2011/Affordable_Healthy_Eating.pdf Affordable Healthy Eating] <br />
<br />
[http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/library/publications/year/2002/HealthyEatingdoc.pdf Healthy Eating: Cheap and Easy]: Practical tips and information on eating on a budget<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/NM2014_Fact_Sheet_2_Eng_C.aspx Simply Cook and Enjoy!] (2014 Nutrition Month focus): Handout on stretching your food dollar.<br />
<br />
[http://www.pennutrition.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/viewhandout.aspx?Portal=UbY=&id=JMbnWgY=&PreviewHandout=bA== Eating Well While Spending Less]: PEN Handout <br />
<br />
=== Food Banks, Community Kitchens and Other Food Resources for Patients === <br />
<br />
[[ http://www.singleparentfoodbank.org/index.php/2011-11-01-23-20-38/our-team|The Single Parent Food Banks of BC Society]]<br />
Maple Ridge: SPFB has been providing essential food bank service in the lower mainland for over 16 years to low-income single parent families. We are a small, self-supporting, independent organization with a primary mission of providing what are classified as hard-to-stock items at many food banks - quality, nutritional perishable foods. We buy baby items for emergency packages and receive non-perishable foods as they are donated.<br />
<br />
Carnegie Community Centre<br />
604-665-2220<br />
401 Main Street Vancouver, BC V6A 2T7<br />
The Carnegie Community Centre provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with affordable, nutritious food 3 times a day, 365 days a year from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Downtown Eastside Kitchen Tables Project]<br />
Hosted by the Potluck Cafe Society, the Kitchen Tables Project is a collaboration of residents, food and service providers to create a sustainable Downtown Eastside Food System that enables people to access, abundant healthy food in a dignified manner while creating jobs in the community. Information about the locations of food distribution is available online and posted in key locations across the Downtown Eastside Community.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdewc.ca%2Fprograms%2Fhealth-and-wellness&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHwq2tPV_CldNA9wOZDJMmVIvGVLg Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre Kitchen]<br />
The Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre offers women and their children with a free lunch every day between 12:30 and 1:45 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.have-cafe.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGErRtlMmK0U87_AT1tblCBHY8eEg HAVE Cafe: HAVE Culinary Training Society]<br />
Hosted at the HAVE Cafe, the HAVE Culinary Training Society is a culinary training program that offers food service job training and work opportunities to individuals who experience financial, mental, and/or physical barriers to employment. The training program at HAVE Cafe helps individuals to gain the employment skills needed to work in the tourism and hospitality industry.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.potluckcatering.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFmcxp2KEbCqFrjZpmFyzRwGarB5Q Potluck Cafe Society]<br />
The Potluck Cafe Society is a non-profit organization that offers the residents of the Downtown Eastside with accessible nutrition, employment, on-the-job training, community kitchen, and other meal programs, like the [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Kitchen Tables Project].<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fquestoutreach.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFkj9-l0O-_mFbRICBXZYxftRtlSQ Quest Food Exchange]<br />
The Food Exchange program provides individuals living on low income access to affordable, healthy food through the food programs like the Not-For-Profit Grocery Markets, Bulk Food Orders, Gift Certificates, and Community Kitchen.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugm.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEUUrs1EQ4G0-nmf2d2slcxyc7t7A Union Gospel Mission] <br />
The Union Gospel Mission provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with free and nutritious meals 3 times a day, 365 days a year. The organization also hosts special celebratory meals for thousands of residents on Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter, and during an annual Summer BBQ.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fevelyne-saller-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGR5o6VQhLdt3JvuAeZO2Gf-CYb1g Evelyne Saller Centre]<br />
Amenities include social, recreational and life-skill development programs, showers, laundry, and cafeteria with low-cost meals. The centre is located at 320 Alexander St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-3075.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fgathering-place-community-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGL5dkXzIs8kjaiLoSZd_xnxhTcZA Gathering Place Community Centre]<br />
Amenities include an education centre, reading room, low-cost cafeteria, and programs for arts and recreation, health, youth and volunteers. The centre is located at 609 Helmcken St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-2391.<br />
<br />
=== Food Banks ===<br />
<br />
Food banks are available in a number of areas in the Lower Mainland. Please contact theGreater Vancouver Food Bank Society, at 604-876-3601, if you are unsure where your local food bank is located.<br />
<br />
The following is a list of some food banks available in the Lower Mainland:<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbanksbritishcolumbia.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEnzQ1fSWRiGVZ0dZxsYkIHDcy4sg Food Banks British Columbia]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbankscanada.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHeORWxRRF7yPJRGJacibv3k599vA Food Banks Canada]<br />
:* [https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbank.bc.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEMGqC-HRBQyhx4o2rmBWWKYxOFog Greater Vancouver Food Bank Society (GVFBS)]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleyfoodbank.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEfHtkCQec8n55crNl49Hhiioa0Ug Langley Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmondfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGyGU55ssXoCb3ZOIwR-ydvSxwiDg Richmond Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreyfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFtH2KLG5R63I7gn6ONNn5VxNJ4qA Surrey Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singleparentfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHpX_pK7PEmMKUVjisy9V4yX4kPWQ Single Parent Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sharesociety.ca%2FProgramsGroups%2FFoodBank%2FFoodBankReceiveAssistance%2Ftabid%2F343%2FDefault.aspx%3FPageContentMode%3D1&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHKhYO4FFIf_YX5Az5K7Zec0zq2Xg Share Society Food Bank]</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics:FoodSecurity&diff=300315Dietetics:FoodSecurity2014-05-26T01:05:51Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div>According to the FAO, food security exists <br />
:Indented line<br />
"when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life." <br />
<br />
Over 800 000 people were helped by food banks in 2013 across Canada and in 2010, food insecurity affected over 8% of British Columbians. According to the Dietitians of Canada, over 10 percent of Canadians (3 million) do not have enough money to buy safe and nutritious food. <br />
This prevents them from:<br />
* Meeting their dietary needs<br />
* Having the foods they prefer<br />
* Enjoying a healthy diet<br />
<br />
From PEN:<br />
Lower socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with poorer quality diets; higher SES has been associated with better diet quality. Research on low income earners has frequently found that after basic needs, such as shelter, clothing, transportation are met, there is insufficient income for healthy well-balanced nutritious diets.<br />
<br />
Analysis of data derived from a combination of dietary records, supermarket sales and national food prices has indicated that:<br />
* :healthier food choices (especially fruit and vegetables) are often more expensive than less healthier items.<br />
* :lower cost food items tend to be higher in energy (calories), added sugars and fats and lower in fiber and micronutrients.<br />
<br />
When investigated as a function of price per nutrient, some fruit and vegetables have a low price per nutrient. In research, cabbage, carrots, oranges, bananas, fruit juices and frozen and canned vegetables demonstrated the most favourable nutrient to price ratio.<br />
<br />
Food security is a topic that you will encounter when counselling patients as registered dietitians. Understanding what issues that could arise with insufficient income will help us in being able to provide practical nutritional advice.<br />
<br />
Below are some resources to help you when counselling individuals living on low income. These have been compiled by past and current UBC Dietetics students, interns and dietitians. <br />
<br />
== '''Food Insecurity Background Information''' == <br />
<br />
[http://www.foodbankscanada.ca/FoodBanks/MediaLibrary/HungerCount/HungerCount2013.pdf Hunger Count 2013]: A comprehensive report on hunger and food bank usage in Canada, and recommendations for change<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/CostofEatingBC2011_FINAL.aspx Cost of Eating 2011]: $868.43 is the cost of eating for a family of 4 for a month in 2011. <br />
<br />
== '''Testimonial Videos''' == <br />
<br />
{{#widget:Vimeo|id=77161468|width=500}}<br />
<br />
[http://vimeo.com/77161468 Fraser Breaks Down Welfare Rates]<br />
<br />
== '''Practical Information for the RD''' ==<br />
<br />
=== Welfare Food Challenge === <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Welfare-Food-Challenge---Struggling-to-Eat-on-the-.aspx%20 Welfare Food Challenge 2013]: RDs, interns and students take on the challenge of eating on $26 a week. <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Eating-on-$26-for-a-Week-to-Help-End-Poverty.aspx Welfare Food Challenge: Colleen McGuire, RD]: Practice Blog entry on her experiences <br />
<br />
Why $26? The BC government provides $610 a month in welfare to an able-bodied single person who has to prove they are looking for work. After subtracting rent, a damage deposit, bus fare, a cheap cell phone and personal hygiene products, there is about $109 left for food per month or $1308 per year. This equates to $3.58 per day or $25.09 per week – which is rounded up to $26. There is no allowance for clothes, a coffee, haircuts, or any social life or treats. <br />
<br />
Quote from one of the DC Practice bloggers, Erika Kang, RD: <br />
:"Ultimately I learned from this challenge that $26 per week is not enough to buy a healthy diet.<br />
: <br />
:On the plus side, I did learn 3 practical tips to help people with financial difficulties:<br />
:* Focus on making meals from scratch instead of buying convenience and processed meals. Although these can be tempting and convenient, they are usually low in nutrients and costly. Education is critical to provide people with the food skills necessary to cook homemade nutritious meals.<br />
:* Use dried beans and lentils as a protein source. Although it takes a bit of planning to soak and cook beans in advance, this is a great way to save money.<br />
:* Plan meals in advance to reduce stress. Knowing what you're going to eat in the coming week is a comforting feeling and ensures that your food will last until the next grocery trip."<br />
:<br />
<br />
=== Counselling Strategies ===<br />
<br />
General Tips: <br />
* buy bulk<br />
* buy items on sale, or use coupons<br />
* use recipes that do not require special equipment<br />
* buy foods that are in season, as they tend to be cheaper<br />
* use a list when shopping, to prevent unplanned/spontaneous purchases<br />
* have a few basic recipes on hand, that are versatile and can use any ingredients<br />
* find ways to incorporate leftover into other meals<br />
<br />
== '''Patient Resources''' ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.livinghealthyschools.com/pdf/2011/Affordable_Healthy_Eating.pdf Affordable Healthy Eating] <br />
<br />
[http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/library/publications/year/2002/HealthyEatingdoc.pdf Healthy Eating: Cheap and Easy]: Practical tips and information on eating on a budget<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/NM2014_Fact_Sheet_2_Eng_C.aspx Simply Cook and Enjoy!] (2014 Nutrition Month focus): Handout on stretching your food dollar.<br />
<br />
[http://www.pennutrition.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/viewhandout.aspx?Portal=UbY=&id=JMbnWgY=&PreviewHandout=bA== Eating Well While Spending Less]: PEN Handout <br />
<br />
=== Food Banks, Community Kitchens and Other Food Resources for Patients === <br />
<br />
[[ http://www.singleparentfoodbank.org/index.php/2011-11-01-23-20-38/our-team|The Single Parent Food Banks of BC Society]]<br />
Maple Ridge: SPFB has been providing essential food bank service in the lower mainland for over 16 years to low-income single parent families. We are a small, self-supporting, independent organization with a primary mission of providing what are classified as hard-to-stock items at many food banks - quality, nutritional perishable foods. We buy baby items for emergency packages and receive non-perishable foods as they are donated.<br />
<br />
Carnegie Community Centre<br />
604-665-2220<br />
401 Main Street Vancouver, BC V6A 2T7<br />
The Carnegie Community Centre provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with affordable, nutritious food 3 times a day, 365 days a year from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Downtown Eastside Kitchen Tables Project]<br />
Hosted by the Potluck Cafe Society, the Kitchen Tables Project is a collaboration of residents, food and service providers to create a sustainable Downtown Eastside Food System that enables people to access, abundant healthy food in a dignified manner while creating jobs in the community. Information about the locations of food distribution is available online and posted in key locations across the Downtown Eastside Community.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdewc.ca%2Fprograms%2Fhealth-and-wellness&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHwq2tPV_CldNA9wOZDJMmVIvGVLg Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre Kitchen]<br />
The Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre offers women and their children with a free lunch every day between 12:30 and 1:45 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.have-cafe.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGErRtlMmK0U87_AT1tblCBHY8eEg HAVE Cafe: HAVE Culinary Training Society]<br />
Hosted at the HAVE Cafe, the HAVE Culinary Training Society is a culinary training program that offers food service job training and work opportunities to individuals who experience financial, mental, and/or physical barriers to employment. The training program at HAVE Cafe helps individuals to gain the employment skills needed to work in the tourism and hospitality industry.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.potluckcatering.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFmcxp2KEbCqFrjZpmFyzRwGarB5Q Potluck Cafe Society]<br />
The Potluck Cafe Society is a non-profit organization that offers the residents of the Downtown Eastside with accessible nutrition, employment, on-the-job training, community kitchen, and other meal programs, like the [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Kitchen Tables Project].<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fquestoutreach.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFkj9-l0O-_mFbRICBXZYxftRtlSQ Quest Food Exchange]<br />
The Food Exchange program provides individuals living on low income access to affordable, healthy food through the food programs like the Not-For-Profit Grocery Markets, Bulk Food Orders, Gift Certificates, and Community Kitchen.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugm.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEUUrs1EQ4G0-nmf2d2slcxyc7t7A Union Gospel Mission] <br />
The Union Gospel Mission provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with free and nutritious meals 3 times a day, 365 days a year. The organization also hosts special celebratory meals for thousands of residents on Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter, and during an annual Summer BBQ.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fevelyne-saller-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGR5o6VQhLdt3JvuAeZO2Gf-CYb1g Evelyne Saller Centre]<br />
Amenities include social, recreational and life-skill development programs, showers, laundry, and cafeteria with low-cost meals. The centre is located at 320 Alexander St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-3075.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fgathering-place-community-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGL5dkXzIs8kjaiLoSZd_xnxhTcZA Gathering Place Community Centre]<br />
Amenities include an education centre, reading room, low-cost cafeteria, and programs for arts and recreation, health, youth and volunteers. The centre is located at 609 Helmcken St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-2391.<br />
<br />
=== Food Banks ===<br />
<br />
Food banks are available in a number of areas in the Lower Mainland. Please contact theGreater Vancouver Food Bank Society, at 604-876-3601, if you are unsure where your local food bank is located.<br />
<br />
The following is a list of some food banks available in the Lower Mainland:<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbanksbritishcolumbia.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEnzQ1fSWRiGVZ0dZxsYkIHDcy4sg Food Banks British Columbia]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbankscanada.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHeORWxRRF7yPJRGJacibv3k599vA Food Banks Canada]<br />
:* [https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbank.bc.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEMGqC-HRBQyhx4o2rmBWWKYxOFog Greater Vancouver Food Bank Society (GVFBS)]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleyfoodbank.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEfHtkCQec8n55crNl49Hhiioa0Ug Langley Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmondfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGyGU55ssXoCb3ZOIwR-ydvSxwiDg Richmond Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreyfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFtH2KLG5R63I7gn6ONNn5VxNJ4qA Surrey Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singleparentfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHpX_pK7PEmMKUVjisy9V4yX4kPWQ Single Parent Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sharesociety.ca%2FProgramsGroups%2FFoodBank%2FFoodBankReceiveAssistance%2Ftabid%2F343%2FDefault.aspx%3FPageContentMode%3D1&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHKhYO4FFIf_YX5Az5K7Zec0zq2Xg Share Society Food Bank]</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics:FoodSecurity&diff=300109Dietetics:FoodSecurity2014-05-23T02:18:19Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div>Food security is a topic that you will encounter when counselling patients as registered dietitians. According to the Dietitians of Canada, over 10 percent of Canadians (3 million) do not have enough money to buy safe and nutritious food. <br />
This prevents them from:<br />
* Meeting their dietary needs<br />
* Having the foods they prefer<br />
* Enjoying a healthy diet<br />
<br />
From PEN:<br />
Lower socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with poorer quality diets; higher SES has been associated with better diet quality. Research on low income earners has frequently found that after basic needs, such as shelter, clothing, transportation are met, there is insufficient income for healthy well-balanced nutritious diets.<br />
<br />
Analysis of data derived from a combination of dietary records, supermarket sales and national food prices has indicated that:<br />
* :healthier food choices (especially fruit and vegetables) are often more expensive than less healthier items.<br />
* :lower cost food items tend to be higher in energy (calories), added sugars and fats and lower in fiber and micronutrients.<br />
<br />
When investigated as a function of price per nutrient, some fruit and vegetables have a low price per nutrient. In research, cabbage, carrots, oranges, bananas, fruit juices and frozen and canned vegetables demonstrated the most favourable nutrient to price ratio.<br />
<br />
Below are some resources to help you when counselling individuals living on low income. These have been compiled by past and current UBC Dietetics students, interns and dietitians. <br />
<br />
== '''Food Insecurity Background Information''' == <br />
<br />
[http://www.foodbankscanada.ca/FoodBanks/MediaLibrary/HungerCount/HungerCount2013.pdf Hunger Count 2013]: A comprehensive report on hunger and food bank usage in Canada, and recommendations for change<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/CostofEatingBC2011_FINAL.aspx Cost of Eating 2011]: $868.43 is the cost of eating for a family of 4 for a month in 2011. <br />
<br />
== '''Testimonial Videos''' == <br />
<br />
{{#widget:Vimeo|id=77161468|width=500}}<br />
<br />
[http://vimeo.com/77161468 Fraser Breaks Down Welfare Rates]<br />
<br />
== '''Practical Information for the RD''' ==<br />
<br />
=== Welfare Food Challenge === <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Welfare-Food-Challenge---Struggling-to-Eat-on-the-.aspx%20 Welfare Food Challenge 2013]: RDs, interns and students take on the challenge of eating on $26 a week. <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Eating-on-$26-for-a-Week-to-Help-End-Poverty.aspx Welfare Food Challenge: Colleen McGuire, RD]: Practice Blog entry on her experiences <br />
<br />
Why $26? The BC government provides $610 a month in welfare to an able-bodied single person who has to prove they are looking for work. After subtracting rent, a damage deposit, bus fare, a cheap cell phone and personal hygiene products, there is about $109 left for food per month or $1308 per year. This equates to $3.58 per day or $25.09 per week – which is rounded up to $26. There is no allowance for clothes, a coffee, haircuts, or any social life or treats. <br />
<br />
Quote from one of the DC Practice bloggers, Erika Kang, RD: <br />
:"Ultimately I learned from this challenge that $26 per week is not enough to buy a healthy diet.<br />
: <br />
:On the plus side, I did learn 3 practical tips to help people with financial difficulties:<br />
:* Focus on making meals from scratch instead of buying convenience and processed meals. Although these can be tempting and convenient, they are usually low in nutrients and costly. Education is critical to provide people with the food skills necessary to cook homemade nutritious meals.<br />
:* Use dried beans and lentils as a protein source. Although it takes a bit of planning to soak and cook beans in advance, this is a great way to save money.<br />
:* Plan meals in advance to reduce stress. Knowing what you're going to eat in the coming week is a comforting feeling and ensures that your food will last until the next grocery trip."<br />
:<br />
<br />
=== Counselling Strategies ===<br />
<br />
General Tips: <br />
* Tips for clients<br />
* buy bulk<br />
* buy items on sale, or use coupons<br />
* use recipes that do not require special equipment<br />
* buy foods that are in season, as they tend to be cheaper<br />
* use a list when shopping, to prevent unplanned/spontaneous purchases<br />
* have a few basic recipes on hand, that are versatile and can use any ingredients<br />
* find ways to incorporate leftover into other meals<br />
<br />
== '''Patient Resources''' ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.livinghealthyschools.com/pdf/2011/Affordable_Healthy_Eating.pdf Affordable Healthy Eating] <br />
<br />
[http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/library/publications/year/2002/HealthyEatingdoc.pdf Healthy Eating: Cheap and Easy]: Practical tips and information on eating on a budget<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/NM2014_Fact_Sheet_2_Eng_C.aspx Simply Cook and Enjoy!] (2014 Nutrition Month focus): Handout on stretching your food dollar.<br />
<br />
[http://www.pennutrition.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/viewhandout.aspx?Portal=UbY=&id=JMbnWgY=&PreviewHandout=bA== Eating Well While Spending Less]: PEN Handout <br />
<br />
=== Food Banks, Community Kitchens and Other Food Resources for Patients === <br />
<br />
[[ http://www.singleparentfoodbank.org/index.php/2011-11-01-23-20-38/our-team|The Single Parent Food Banks of BC Society]]<br />
Maple Ridge: SPFB has been providing essential food bank service in the lower mainland for over 16 years to low-income single parent families. We are a small, self-supporting, independent organization with a primary mission of providing what are classified as hard-to-stock items at many food banks - quality, nutritional perishable foods. We buy baby items for emergency packages and receive non-perishable foods as they are donated.<br />
<br />
Carnegie Community Centre<br />
604-665-2220<br />
401 Main Street Vancouver, BC V6A 2T7<br />
The Carnegie Community Centre provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with affordable, nutritious food 3 times a day, 365 days a year from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Downtown Eastside Kitchen Tables Project]<br />
Hosted by the Potluck Cafe Society, the Kitchen Tables Project is a collaboration of residents, food and service providers to create a sustainable Downtown Eastside Food System that enables people to access, abundant healthy food in a dignified manner while creating jobs in the community. Information about the locations of food distribution is available online and posted in key locations across the Downtown Eastside Community.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdewc.ca%2Fprograms%2Fhealth-and-wellness&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHwq2tPV_CldNA9wOZDJMmVIvGVLg Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre Kitchen]<br />
The Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre offers women and their children with a free lunch every day between 12:30 and 1:45 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.have-cafe.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGErRtlMmK0U87_AT1tblCBHY8eEg HAVE Cafe: HAVE Culinary Training Society]<br />
Hosted at the HAVE Cafe, the HAVE Culinary Training Society is a culinary training program that offers food service job training and work opportunities to individuals who experience financial, mental, and/or physical barriers to employment. The training program at HAVE Cafe helps individuals to gain the employment skills needed to work in the tourism and hospitality industry.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.potluckcatering.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFmcxp2KEbCqFrjZpmFyzRwGarB5Q Potluck Cafe Society]<br />
The Potluck Cafe Society is a non-profit organization that offers the residents of the Downtown Eastside with accessible nutrition, employment, on-the-job training, community kitchen, and other meal programs, like the [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Kitchen Tables Project].<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fquestoutreach.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFkj9-l0O-_mFbRICBXZYxftRtlSQ Quest Food Exchange]<br />
The Food Exchange program provides individuals living on low income access to affordable, healthy food through the food programs like the Not-For-Profit Grocery Markets, Bulk Food Orders, Gift Certificates, and Community Kitchen.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugm.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEUUrs1EQ4G0-nmf2d2slcxyc7t7A Union Gospel Mission] <br />
The Union Gospel Mission provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with free and nutritious meals 3 times a day, 365 days a year. The organization also hosts special celebratory meals for thousands of residents on Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter, and during an annual Summer BBQ.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fevelyne-saller-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGR5o6VQhLdt3JvuAeZO2Gf-CYb1g Evelyne Saller Centre]<br />
Amenities include social, recreational and life-skill development programs, showers, laundry, and cafeteria with low-cost meals. The centre is located at 320 Alexander St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-3075.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fgathering-place-community-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGL5dkXzIs8kjaiLoSZd_xnxhTcZA Gathering Place Community Centre]<br />
Amenities include an education centre, reading room, low-cost cafeteria, and programs for arts and recreation, health, youth and volunteers. The centre is located at 609 Helmcken St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-2391.<br />
<br />
=== Food Banks ===<br />
<br />
Food banks are available in a number of areas in the Lower Mainland. Please contact theGreater Vancouver Food Bank Society, at 604-876-3601, if you are unsure where your local food bank is located.<br />
<br />
The following is a list of some food banks available in the Lower Mainland:<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbanksbritishcolumbia.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEnzQ1fSWRiGVZ0dZxsYkIHDcy4sg Food Banks British Columbia]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbankscanada.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHeORWxRRF7yPJRGJacibv3k599vA Food Banks Canada]<br />
:* [https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbank.bc.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEMGqC-HRBQyhx4o2rmBWWKYxOFog Greater Vancouver Food Bank Society (GVFBS)]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleyfoodbank.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEfHtkCQec8n55crNl49Hhiioa0Ug Langley Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmondfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGyGU55ssXoCb3ZOIwR-ydvSxwiDg Richmond Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreyfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFtH2KLG5R63I7gn6ONNn5VxNJ4qA Surrey Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singleparentfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHpX_pK7PEmMKUVjisy9V4yX4kPWQ Single Parent Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sharesociety.ca%2FProgramsGroups%2FFoodBank%2FFoodBankReceiveAssistance%2Ftabid%2F343%2FDefault.aspx%3FPageContentMode%3D1&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHKhYO4FFIf_YX5Az5K7Zec0zq2Xg Share Society Food Bank]</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics&diff=299463Dietetics2014-05-19T22:06:34Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div>Group 1<br />
<br />
Group 2<br />
<br />
[[Dietetics:Successful_Internship|Group 3: Successful Internship]]<br />
<br />
[[Dietetics:Clinical_Practice|Group 4: Clinical Practice]]<br />
<br />
Group 5<br />
<br />
Group 6<br />
<br />
[[Dietetics:Entral_Nutrition|Group 7: Entral Nutrition]]<br />
<br />
[[LFS:Courses/FNH480|FNH 480 Tech resource page]]<br />
<br />
[[Dietetics:FoodSecurity|Food Security]]: Wiki by 381 Students on Counselling individuals and families living on low-income</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics&diff=299462Dietetics2014-05-19T22:03:34Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div>Group 1<br />
<br />
Group 2<br />
<br />
[[Dietetics:Successful_Internship|Group 3: Successful Internship]]<br />
<br />
[[Dietetics:Clinical_Practice|Group 4: Clinical Practice]]<br />
<br />
Group 5<br />
<br />
Group 6<br />
<br />
[[Dietetics:Entral_Nutrition|Group 7: Entral Nutrition]]<br />
<br />
[[LFS:Courses/FNH480|FNH 480 Tech resource page]]<br />
<br />
[[http://wiki.ubc.ca/Dietetics:FoodSecurity|Food Security]]: Wiki by 381 Students on Counselling individuals and families living on low-income</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics:FoodSecurity&diff=299460Dietetics:FoodSecurity2014-05-19T21:58:08Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div>Food security is a topic that you will encounter when counselling patients as registered dietitians. According to the Dietitians of Canada, over 10 percent of Canadians (3 million) do not have enough money to buy safe and nutritious food. <br />
This prevents them from:<br />
* Meeting their dietary needs<br />
* Having the foods they prefer<br />
* Enjoying a healthy diet<br />
<br />
From PEN:<br />
Lower socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with poorer quality diets; higher SES has been associated with better diet quality. Research on low income earners has frequently found that after basic needs, such as shelter, clothing, transportation are met, there is insufficient income for healthy well-balanced nutritious diets.<br />
<br />
Analysis of data derived from a combination of dietary records, supermarket sales and national food prices has indicated that:<br />
* :healthier food choices (especially fruit and vegetables) are often more expensive than less healthier items.<br />
* :lower cost food items tend to be higher in energy (calories), added sugars and fats and lower in fiber and micronutrients.<br />
<br />
When investigated as a function of price per nutrient, some fruit and vegetables have a low price per nutrient. In research, cabbage, carrots, oranges, bananas, fruit juices and frozen and canned vegetables demonstrated the most favourable nutrient to price ratio.<br />
<br />
Below are some resources to help you when counselling individuals living on low income. These have been compiled by past and current UBC Dietetics students, interns and dietitians. <br />
<br />
== '''Food Insecurity Background Information''' == <br />
<br />
[http://www.foodbankscanada.ca/FoodBanks/MediaLibrary/HungerCount/HungerCount2013.pdf Hunger Count 2013]: A comprehensive report on hunger and food bank usage in Canada, and recommendations for change<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/CostofEatingBC2011_FINAL.aspx Cost of Eating 2011]: $868.43 is the cost of eating for a family of 4 for a month in 2011. <br />
<br />
== '''Testimonial Videos''' == <br />
<br />
[http://vimeo.com/77161468 Fraser Breaks Down Welfare Rates]<br />
<br />
== '''Practical Information for the RD''' ==<br />
<br />
=== Welfare Food Challenge === <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Welfare-Food-Challenge---Struggling-to-Eat-on-the-.aspx%20 Welfare Food Challenge 2013]: RDs, interns and students take on the challenge of eating on $26 a week. <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Eating-on-$26-for-a-Week-to-Help-End-Poverty.aspx Welfare Food Challenge: Colleen McGuire, RD]: Practice Blog entry on her experiences <br />
<br />
Why $26? The BC government provides $610 a month in welfare to an able-bodied single person who has to prove they are looking for work. After subtracting rent, a damage deposit, bus fare, a cheap cell phone and personal hygiene products, there is about $109 left for food per month or $1308 per year. This equates to $3.58 per day or $25.09 per week – which is rounded up to $26. There is no allowance for clothes, a coffee, haircuts, or any social life or treats. <br />
<br />
Quote from one of the DC Practice bloggers, Erika Kang, RD: <br />
:"Ultimately I learned from this challenge that $26 per week is not enough to buy a healthy diet.<br />
: <br />
:On the plus side, I did learn 3 practical tips to help people with financial difficulties:<br />
:* Focus on making meals from scratch instead of buying convenience and processed meals. Although these can be tempting and convenient, they are usually low in nutrients and costly. Education is critical to provide people with the food skills necessary to cook homemade nutritious meals.<br />
:* Use dried beans and lentils as a protein source. Although it takes a bit of planning to soak and cook beans in advance, this is a great way to save money.<br />
:* Plan meals in advance to reduce stress. Knowing what you're going to eat in the coming week is a comforting feeling and ensures that your food will last until the next grocery trip."<br />
:<br />
<br />
=== Counselling Strategies ===<br />
<br />
General Tips: <br />
* Tips for clients<br />
* buy bulk<br />
* buy items on sale, or use coupons<br />
* use recipes that do not require special equipment<br />
* buy foods that are in season, as they tend to be cheaper<br />
* use a list when shopping, to prevent unplanned/spontaneous purchases<br />
* have a few basic recipes on hand, that are versatile and can use any ingredients<br />
* find ways to incorporate leftover into other meals<br />
<br />
== '''Patient Resources''' ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.livinghealthyschools.com/pdf/2011/Affordable_Healthy_Eating.pdf Affordable Healthy Eating] <br />
<br />
[http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/library/publications/year/2002/HealthyEatingdoc.pdf Healthy Eating: Cheap and Easy]: Practical tips and information on eating on a budget<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/NM2014_Fact_Sheet_2_Eng_C.aspx Simply Cook and Enjoy!] (2014 Nutrition Month focus): Handout on stretching your food dollar.<br />
<br />
[http://www.pennutrition.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/viewhandout.aspx?Portal=UbY=&id=JMbnWgY=&PreviewHandout=bA== Eating Well While Spending Less]: PEN Handout <br />
<br />
=== Food Banks, Community Kitchens and Other Food Resources for Patients === <br />
<br />
[[ http://www.singleparentfoodbank.org/index.php/2011-11-01-23-20-38/our-team|The Single Parent Food Banks of BC Society]]<br />
Maple Ridge: SPFB has been providing essential food bank service in the lower mainland for over 16 years to low-income single parent families. We are a small, self-supporting, independent organization with a primary mission of providing what are classified as hard-to-stock items at many food banks - quality, nutritional perishable foods. We buy baby items for emergency packages and receive non-perishable foods as they are donated.<br />
<br />
Carnegie Community Centre<br />
604-665-2220<br />
401 Main Street Vancouver, BC V6A 2T7<br />
The Carnegie Community Centre provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with affordable, nutritious food 3 times a day, 365 days a year from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Downtown Eastside Kitchen Tables Project]<br />
Hosted by the Potluck Cafe Society, the Kitchen Tables Project is a collaboration of residents, food and service providers to create a sustainable Downtown Eastside Food System that enables people to access, abundant healthy food in a dignified manner while creating jobs in the community. Information about the locations of food distribution is available online and posted in key locations across the Downtown Eastside Community.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdewc.ca%2Fprograms%2Fhealth-and-wellness&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHwq2tPV_CldNA9wOZDJMmVIvGVLg Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre Kitchen]<br />
The Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre offers women and their children with a free lunch every day between 12:30 and 1:45 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.have-cafe.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGErRtlMmK0U87_AT1tblCBHY8eEg HAVE Cafe: HAVE Culinary Training Society]<br />
Hosted at the HAVE Cafe, the HAVE Culinary Training Society is a culinary training program that offers food service job training and work opportunities to individuals who experience financial, mental, and/or physical barriers to employment. The training program at HAVE Cafe helps individuals to gain the employment skills needed to work in the tourism and hospitality industry.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.potluckcatering.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFmcxp2KEbCqFrjZpmFyzRwGarB5Q Potluck Cafe Society]<br />
The Potluck Cafe Society is a non-profit organization that offers the residents of the Downtown Eastside with accessible nutrition, employment, on-the-job training, community kitchen, and other meal programs, like the [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Kitchen Tables Project].<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fquestoutreach.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFkj9-l0O-_mFbRICBXZYxftRtlSQ Quest Food Exchange]<br />
The Food Exchange program provides individuals living on low income access to affordable, healthy food through the food programs like the Not-For-Profit Grocery Markets, Bulk Food Orders, Gift Certificates, and Community Kitchen.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugm.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEUUrs1EQ4G0-nmf2d2slcxyc7t7A Union Gospel Mission] <br />
The Union Gospel Mission provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with free and nutritious meals 3 times a day, 365 days a year. The organization also hosts special celebratory meals for thousands of residents on Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter, and during an annual Summer BBQ.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fevelyne-saller-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGR5o6VQhLdt3JvuAeZO2Gf-CYb1g Evelyne Saller Centre]<br />
Amenities include social, recreational and life-skill development programs, showers, laundry, and cafeteria with low-cost meals. The centre is located at 320 Alexander St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-3075.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fgathering-place-community-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGL5dkXzIs8kjaiLoSZd_xnxhTcZA Gathering Place Community Centre]<br />
Amenities include an education centre, reading room, low-cost cafeteria, and programs for arts and recreation, health, youth and volunteers. The centre is located at 609 Helmcken St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-2391.<br />
<br />
=== Food Banks ===<br />
<br />
Food banks are available in a number of areas in the Lower Mainland. Please contact theGreater Vancouver Food Bank Society, at 604-876-3601, if you are unsure where your local food bank is located.<br />
<br />
The following is a list of some food banks available in the Lower Mainland:<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbanksbritishcolumbia.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEnzQ1fSWRiGVZ0dZxsYkIHDcy4sg Food Banks British Columbia]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbankscanada.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHeORWxRRF7yPJRGJacibv3k599vA Food Banks Canada]<br />
:* [https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbank.bc.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEMGqC-HRBQyhx4o2rmBWWKYxOFog Greater Vancouver Food Bank Society (GVFBS)]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleyfoodbank.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEfHtkCQec8n55crNl49Hhiioa0Ug Langley Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmondfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGyGU55ssXoCb3ZOIwR-ydvSxwiDg Richmond Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreyfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFtH2KLG5R63I7gn6ONNn5VxNJ4qA Surrey Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singleparentfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHpX_pK7PEmMKUVjisy9V4yX4kPWQ Single Parent Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sharesociety.ca%2FProgramsGroups%2FFoodBank%2FFoodBankReceiveAssistance%2Ftabid%2F343%2FDefault.aspx%3FPageContentMode%3D1&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHKhYO4FFIf_YX5Az5K7Zec0zq2Xg Share Society Food Bank]</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics:FoodSecurity&diff=299459Dietetics:FoodSecurity2014-05-19T21:57:06Z<p>Esine: /* Practical Information for the RD */</p>
<hr />
<div>Food security is a topic that you will encounter when counselling patients as registered dietitians. According to the Dietitians of Canada, over 10 percent of Canadians (3 million) do not have enough money to buy safe and nutritious food. <br />
This prevents them from:<br />
* Meeting their dietary needs<br />
* Having the foods they prefer<br />
* Enjoying a healthy diet<br />
<br />
From PEN:<br />
Lower socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with poorer quality diets; higher SES has been associated with better diet quality. Research on low income earners has frequently found that after basic needs, such as shelter, clothing, transportation are met, there is insufficient income for healthy well-balanced nutritious diets.<br />
<br />
Analysis of data derived from a combination of dietary records, supermarket sales and national food prices has indicated that:<br />
* :healthier food choices (especially fruit and vegetables) are often more expensive than less healthier items.<br />
* :lower cost food items tend to be higher in energy (calories), added sugars and fats and lower in fiber and micronutrients.<br />
<br />
When investigated as a function of price per nutrient, some fruit and vegetables have a low price per nutrient. In research, cabbage, carrots, oranges, bananas, fruit juices and frozen and canned vegetables demonstrated the most favourable nutrient to price ratio.<br />
<br />
Below are some resources to help you when counselling individuals living on low income. These have been compiled by past and current UBC Dietetics students, interns and dietitians. <br />
<br />
== '''Food Insecurity Background Information''' == <br />
<br />
[http://www.foodbankscanada.ca/FoodBanks/MediaLibrary/HungerCount/HungerCount2013.pdf Hunger Count 2013]: A comprehensive report on hunger and food bank usage in Canada, and recommendations for change<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/CostofEatingBC2011_FINAL.aspx Cost of Eating 2011]: $868.43 is the cost of eating for a family of 4 for a month in 2011. <br />
<br />
== '''Testimonial Videos''' == <br />
<br />
[http://vimeo.com/77161468 Fraser Breaks Down Welfare Rates]<br />
<br />
'''== Practical Information for the RD =='''<br />
<br />
=== Welfare Food Challenge === <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Welfare-Food-Challenge---Struggling-to-Eat-on-the-.aspx%20 Welfare Food Challenge 2013]: RDs, interns and students take on the challenge of eating on $26 a week. <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Eating-on-$26-for-a-Week-to-Help-End-Poverty.aspx Welfare Food Challenge: Colleen McGuire, RD]: Practice Blog entry on her experiences <br />
<br />
Why $26? The BC government provides $610 a month in welfare to an able-bodied single person who has to prove they are looking for work. After subtracting rent, a damage deposit, bus fare, a cheap cell phone and personal hygiene products, there is about $109 left for food per month or $1308 per year. This equates to $3.58 per day or $25.09 per week – which is rounded up to $26. There is no allowance for clothes, a coffee, haircuts, or any social life or treats. <br />
<br />
Quote from one of the DC Practice bloggers, Erika Kang, RD: <br />
:"Ultimately I learned from this challenge that $26 per week is not enough to buy a healthy diet.<br />
: <br />
:On the plus side, I did learn 3 practical tips to help people with financial difficulties:<br />
:* Focus on making meals from scratch instead of buying convenience and processed meals. Although these can be tempting and convenient, they are usually low in nutrients and costly. Education is critical to provide people with the food skills necessary to cook homemade nutritious meals.<br />
:* Use dried beans and lentils as a protein source. Although it takes a bit of planning to soak and cook beans in advance, this is a great way to save money.<br />
:* Plan meals in advance to reduce stress. Knowing what you're going to eat in the coming week is a comforting feeling and ensures that your food will last until the next grocery trip."<br />
:<br />
<br />
=== Counselling Strategies ===<br />
<br />
General Tips: <br />
* Tips for clients<br />
* buy bulk<br />
* buy items on sale, or use coupons<br />
* use recipes that do not require special equipment<br />
* buy foods that are in season, as they tend to be cheaper<br />
* use a list when shopping, to prevent unplanned/spontaneous purchases<br />
* have a few basic recipes on hand, that are versatile and can use any ingredients<br />
* find ways to incorporate leftover into other meals<br />
<br />
== '''Patient Resources''' ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.livinghealthyschools.com/pdf/2011/Affordable_Healthy_Eating.pdf Affordable Healthy Eating] <br />
<br />
[http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/library/publications/year/2002/HealthyEatingdoc.pdf Healthy Eating: Cheap and Easy]: Practical tips and information on eating on a budget<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/NM2014_Fact_Sheet_2_Eng_C.aspx Simply Cook and Enjoy!] (2014 Nutrition Month focus): Handout on stretching your food dollar.<br />
<br />
[http://www.pennutrition.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/viewhandout.aspx?Portal=UbY=&id=JMbnWgY=&PreviewHandout=bA== Eating Well While Spending Less]: PEN Handout <br />
<br />
=== Food Banks, Community Kitchens and Other Food Resources for Patients === <br />
<br />
[[ http://www.singleparentfoodbank.org/index.php/2011-11-01-23-20-38/our-team|The Single Parent Food Banks of BC Society]]<br />
Maple Ridge: SPFB has been providing essential food bank service in the lower mainland for over 16 years to low-income single parent families. We are a small, self-supporting, independent organization with a primary mission of providing what are classified as hard-to-stock items at many food banks - quality, nutritional perishable foods. We buy baby items for emergency packages and receive non-perishable foods as they are donated.<br />
<br />
Carnegie Community Centre<br />
604-665-2220<br />
401 Main Street Vancouver, BC V6A 2T7<br />
The Carnegie Community Centre provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with affordable, nutritious food 3 times a day, 365 days a year from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Downtown Eastside Kitchen Tables Project]<br />
Hosted by the Potluck Cafe Society, the Kitchen Tables Project is a collaboration of residents, food and service providers to create a sustainable Downtown Eastside Food System that enables people to access, abundant healthy food in a dignified manner while creating jobs in the community. Information about the locations of food distribution is available online and posted in key locations across the Downtown Eastside Community.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdewc.ca%2Fprograms%2Fhealth-and-wellness&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHwq2tPV_CldNA9wOZDJMmVIvGVLg Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre Kitchen]<br />
The Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre offers women and their children with a free lunch every day between 12:30 and 1:45 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.have-cafe.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGErRtlMmK0U87_AT1tblCBHY8eEg HAVE Cafe: HAVE Culinary Training Society]<br />
Hosted at the HAVE Cafe, the HAVE Culinary Training Society is a culinary training program that offers food service job training and work opportunities to individuals who experience financial, mental, and/or physical barriers to employment. The training program at HAVE Cafe helps individuals to gain the employment skills needed to work in the tourism and hospitality industry.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.potluckcatering.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFmcxp2KEbCqFrjZpmFyzRwGarB5Q Potluck Cafe Society]<br />
The Potluck Cafe Society is a non-profit organization that offers the residents of the Downtown Eastside with accessible nutrition, employment, on-the-job training, community kitchen, and other meal programs, like the [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Kitchen Tables Project].<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fquestoutreach.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFkj9-l0O-_mFbRICBXZYxftRtlSQ Quest Food Exchange]<br />
The Food Exchange program provides individuals living on low income access to affordable, healthy food through the food programs like the Not-For-Profit Grocery Markets, Bulk Food Orders, Gift Certificates, and Community Kitchen.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugm.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEUUrs1EQ4G0-nmf2d2slcxyc7t7A Union Gospel Mission] <br />
The Union Gospel Mission provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with free and nutritious meals 3 times a day, 365 days a year. The organization also hosts special celebratory meals for thousands of residents on Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter, and during an annual Summer BBQ.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fevelyne-saller-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGR5o6VQhLdt3JvuAeZO2Gf-CYb1g Evelyne Saller Centre]<br />
Amenities include social, recreational and life-skill development programs, showers, laundry, and cafeteria with low-cost meals. The centre is located at 320 Alexander St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-3075.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fgathering-place-community-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGL5dkXzIs8kjaiLoSZd_xnxhTcZA Gathering Place Community Centre]<br />
Amenities include an education centre, reading room, low-cost cafeteria, and programs for arts and recreation, health, youth and volunteers. The centre is located at 609 Helmcken St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-2391.<br />
<br />
=== Food Banks ===<br />
<br />
Food banks are available in a number of areas in the Lower Mainland. Please contact theGreater Vancouver Food Bank Society, at 604-876-3601, if you are unsure where your local food bank is located.<br />
<br />
The following is a list of some food banks available in the Lower Mainland:<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbanksbritishcolumbia.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEnzQ1fSWRiGVZ0dZxsYkIHDcy4sg Food Banks British Columbia]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbankscanada.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHeORWxRRF7yPJRGJacibv3k599vA Food Banks Canada]<br />
:* [https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbank.bc.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEMGqC-HRBQyhx4o2rmBWWKYxOFog Greater Vancouver Food Bank Society (GVFBS)]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleyfoodbank.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEfHtkCQec8n55crNl49Hhiioa0Ug Langley Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmondfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGyGU55ssXoCb3ZOIwR-ydvSxwiDg Richmond Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreyfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFtH2KLG5R63I7gn6ONNn5VxNJ4qA Surrey Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singleparentfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHpX_pK7PEmMKUVjisy9V4yX4kPWQ Single Parent Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sharesociety.ca%2FProgramsGroups%2FFoodBank%2FFoodBankReceiveAssistance%2Ftabid%2F343%2FDefault.aspx%3FPageContentMode%3D1&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHKhYO4FFIf_YX5Az5K7Zec0zq2Xg Share Society Food Bank]</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics:FoodSecurity&diff=299457Dietetics:FoodSecurity2014-05-19T21:56:03Z<p>Esine: Resources on food security and counselling individuals and families living on low-income</p>
<hr />
<div>Food security is a topic that you will encounter when counselling patients as registered dietitians. According to the Dietitians of Canada, over 10 percent of Canadians (3 million) do not have enough money to buy safe and nutritious food. <br />
This prevents them from:<br />
* Meeting their dietary needs<br />
* Having the foods they prefer<br />
* Enjoying a healthy diet<br />
<br />
From PEN:<br />
Lower socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with poorer quality diets; higher SES has been associated with better diet quality. Research on low income earners has frequently found that after basic needs, such as shelter, clothing, transportation are met, there is insufficient income for healthy well-balanced nutritious diets.<br />
<br />
Analysis of data derived from a combination of dietary records, supermarket sales and national food prices has indicated that:<br />
* :healthier food choices (especially fruit and vegetables) are often more expensive than less healthier items.<br />
* :lower cost food items tend to be higher in energy (calories), added sugars and fats and lower in fiber and micronutrients.<br />
<br />
When investigated as a function of price per nutrient, some fruit and vegetables have a low price per nutrient. In research, cabbage, carrots, oranges, bananas, fruit juices and frozen and canned vegetables demonstrated the most favourable nutrient to price ratio.<br />
<br />
Below are some resources to help you when counselling individuals living on low income. These have been compiled by past and current UBC Dietetics students, interns and dietitians. <br />
<br />
== '''Food Insecurity Background Information''' == <br />
<br />
[http://www.foodbankscanada.ca/FoodBanks/MediaLibrary/HungerCount/HungerCount2013.pdf Hunger Count 2013]: A comprehensive report on hunger and food bank usage in Canada, and recommendations for change<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/CostofEatingBC2011_FINAL.aspx Cost of Eating 2011]: $868.43 is the cost of eating for a family of 4 for a month in 2011. <br />
<br />
== '''Testimonial Videos''' == <br />
<br />
[http://vimeo.com/77161468 Fraser Breaks Down Welfare Rates]<br />
<br />
== Practical Information for the RD ==<br />
<br />
=== Welfare Food Challenge === <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Welfare-Food-Challenge---Struggling-to-Eat-on-the-.aspx%20 Welfare Food Challenge 2013]: RDs, interns and students take on the challenge of eating on $26 a week. <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Knowledge-Center/Practice-Blog/February/Eating-on-$26-for-a-Week-to-Help-End-Poverty.aspx Welfare Food Challenge: Colleen McGuire, RD]: Practice Blog entry on her experiences <br />
<br />
Why $26? The BC government provides $610 a month in welfare to an able-bodied single person who has to prove they are looking for work. After subtracting rent, a damage deposit, bus fare, a cheap cell phone and personal hygiene products, there is about $109 left for food per month or $1308 per year. This equates to $3.58 per day or $25.09 per week – which is rounded up to $26. There is no allowance for clothes, a coffee, haircuts, or any social life or treats. <br />
<br />
Quote from one of the DC Practice bloggers, Erika Kang, RD: <br />
:"Ultimately I learned from this challenge that $26 per week is not enough to buy a healthy diet.<br />
: <br />
:On the plus side, I did learn 3 practical tips to help people with financial difficulties:<br />
:* Focus on making meals from scratch instead of buying convenience and processed meals. Although these can be tempting and convenient, they are usually low in nutrients and costly. Education is critical to provide people with the food skills necessary to cook homemade nutritious meals.<br />
:* Use dried beans and lentils as a protein source. Although it takes a bit of planning to soak and cook beans in advance, this is a great way to save money.<br />
:* Plan meals in advance to reduce stress. Knowing what you're going to eat in the coming week is a comforting feeling and ensures that your food will last until the next grocery trip."<br />
:<br />
<br />
=== Counselling Strategies ===<br />
<br />
General Tips: <br />
* Tips for clients<br />
* buy bulk<br />
* buy items on sale, or use coupons<br />
* use recipes that do not require special equipment<br />
* buy foods that are in season, as they tend to be cheaper<br />
* use a list when shopping, to prevent unplanned/spontaneous purchases<br />
* have a few basic recipes on hand, that are versatile and can use any ingredients<br />
* find ways to incorporate leftover into other meals<br />
<br />
== '''Patient Resources''' ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.livinghealthyschools.com/pdf/2011/Affordable_Healthy_Eating.pdf Affordable Healthy Eating] <br />
<br />
[http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/library/publications/year/2002/HealthyEatingdoc.pdf Healthy Eating: Cheap and Easy]: Practical tips and information on eating on a budget<br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/NM2014_Fact_Sheet_2_Eng_C.aspx Simply Cook and Enjoy!] (2014 Nutrition Month focus): Handout on stretching your food dollar.<br />
<br />
[http://www.pennutrition.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/viewhandout.aspx?Portal=UbY=&id=JMbnWgY=&PreviewHandout=bA== Eating Well While Spending Less]: PEN Handout <br />
<br />
=== Food Banks, Community Kitchens and Other Food Resources for Patients === <br />
<br />
[[ http://www.singleparentfoodbank.org/index.php/2011-11-01-23-20-38/our-team|The Single Parent Food Banks of BC Society]]<br />
Maple Ridge: SPFB has been providing essential food bank service in the lower mainland for over 16 years to low-income single parent families. We are a small, self-supporting, independent organization with a primary mission of providing what are classified as hard-to-stock items at many food banks - quality, nutritional perishable foods. We buy baby items for emergency packages and receive non-perishable foods as they are donated.<br />
<br />
Carnegie Community Centre<br />
604-665-2220<br />
401 Main Street Vancouver, BC V6A 2T7<br />
The Carnegie Community Centre provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with affordable, nutritious food 3 times a day, 365 days a year from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Downtown Eastside Kitchen Tables Project]<br />
Hosted by the Potluck Cafe Society, the Kitchen Tables Project is a collaboration of residents, food and service providers to create a sustainable Downtown Eastside Food System that enables people to access, abundant healthy food in a dignified manner while creating jobs in the community. Information about the locations of food distribution is available online and posted in key locations across the Downtown Eastside Community.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdewc.ca%2Fprograms%2Fhealth-and-wellness&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHwq2tPV_CldNA9wOZDJMmVIvGVLg Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre Kitchen]<br />
The Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre offers women and their children with a free lunch every day between 12:30 and 1:45 pm.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.have-cafe.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGErRtlMmK0U87_AT1tblCBHY8eEg HAVE Cafe: HAVE Culinary Training Society]<br />
Hosted at the HAVE Cafe, the HAVE Culinary Training Society is a culinary training program that offers food service job training and work opportunities to individuals who experience financial, mental, and/or physical barriers to employment. The training program at HAVE Cafe helps individuals to gain the employment skills needed to work in the tourism and hospitality industry.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.potluckcatering.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFmcxp2KEbCqFrjZpmFyzRwGarB5Q Potluck Cafe Society]<br />
The Potluck Cafe Society is a non-profit organization that offers the residents of the Downtown Eastside with accessible nutrition, employment, on-the-job training, community kitchen, and other meal programs, like the [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fdteskitchentables.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNENy7jZ4mv8_JhFhGarSNlbdd20Mw Kitchen Tables Project].<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fquestoutreach.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFkj9-l0O-_mFbRICBXZYxftRtlSQ Quest Food Exchange]<br />
The Food Exchange program provides individuals living on low income access to affordable, healthy food through the food programs like the Not-For-Profit Grocery Markets, Bulk Food Orders, Gift Certificates, and Community Kitchen.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugm.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEUUrs1EQ4G0-nmf2d2slcxyc7t7A Union Gospel Mission] <br />
The Union Gospel Mission provides residents of the Downtown Eastside with free and nutritious meals 3 times a day, 365 days a year. The organization also hosts special celebratory meals for thousands of residents on Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter, and during an annual Summer BBQ.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fevelyne-saller-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGR5o6VQhLdt3JvuAeZO2Gf-CYb1g Evelyne Saller Centre]<br />
Amenities include social, recreational and life-skill development programs, showers, laundry, and cafeteria with low-cost meals. The centre is located at 320 Alexander St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-3075.<br />
<br />
[http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.ca%2Fparks-recreation-culture%2Fgathering-place-community-centre.aspx&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGL5dkXzIs8kjaiLoSZd_xnxhTcZA Gathering Place Community Centre]<br />
Amenities include an education centre, reading room, low-cost cafeteria, and programs for arts and recreation, health, youth and volunteers. The centre is located at 609 Helmcken St, Vancouver BC. 604-665-2391.<br />
<br />
=== Food Banks ===<br />
<br />
Food banks are available in a number of areas in the Lower Mainland. Please contact theGreater Vancouver Food Bank Society, at 604-876-3601, if you are unsure where your local food bank is located.<br />
<br />
The following is a list of some food banks available in the Lower Mainland:<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbanksbritishcolumbia.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEnzQ1fSWRiGVZ0dZxsYkIHDcy4sg Food Banks British Columbia]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbankscanada.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHeORWxRRF7yPJRGJacibv3k599vA Food Banks Canada]<br />
:* [https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbank.bc.ca%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEMGqC-HRBQyhx4o2rmBWWKYxOFog Greater Vancouver Food Bank Society (GVFBS)]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleyfoodbank.com%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEfHtkCQec8n55crNl49Hhiioa0Ug Langley Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmondfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGyGU55ssXoCb3ZOIwR-ydvSxwiDg Richmond Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surreyfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFtH2KLG5R63I7gn6ONNn5VxNJ4qA Surrey Food Bank Society]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singleparentfoodbank.org%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHpX_pK7PEmMKUVjisy9V4yX4kPWQ Single Parent Food Bank]<br />
:* [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sharesociety.ca%2FProgramsGroups%2FFoodBank%2FFoodBankReceiveAssistance%2Ftabid%2F343%2FDefault.aspx%3FPageContentMode%3D1&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNHKhYO4FFIf_YX5Az5K7Zec0zq2Xg Share Society Food Bank]</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Dietetics:FoodSecurity&diff=299429Dietetics:FoodSecurity2014-05-19T21:13:26Z<p>Esine: Resources on food security and counselling individuals and families living on low-income</p>
<hr />
<div>Food security is a topic that you will encounter when counselling patients as registered dietitians. <br />
<br />
Below are some resources to help you when counselling individuals living on low income. These have been compiled by past and current UBC Dietetics students, interns and dietitians. <br />
<br />
'''Handouts''' <br />
<br />
[http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloadable-Content/Public/NM2014_Fact_Sheet_2_Eng_C.aspx Simply Cook and Enjoy!] (2014 Nutrition Month focus): Handout on stretching your food dollar.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61365Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-13T06:42:15Z<p>Esine: /* Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
Geothermal energy is the heat from the earth which increases as we go deeper down into the earth. The resources of this energy range from the ground just beneath the earth to the higher temperature molten rocks called magma which is 4000 miles from the surface. The shallow ground normally has the temperature between 10-16°C. Ancient people use this energy to provide hot water for living and bathing .Later in 20th century it was found that geothermal energy is a efficient way to provide heat and electricity for houses for so many reasons. First, geothermal energy is renewable which means that the heat is continuously produced deep down in the earth so it’s a source of energy that never ends. Second, this energy does not damage the environment because there is no need to burn the fuel.<br />
<br />
Geothermal energy can be divided into high temperature over (150C), which is normally used to provide electricity, and low temperature under (150C) which is used as source of heat for houses and commercial buildings. The energy exchange between the ground and the building is provided by pumping water or heat transfer fluid to absorb the heat from the earth then circulating in the building.<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Relevant Physics'''<br />
<br />
Heat transfer through walls (concrete). Q = (k * A * (Th-Tc))/L<br />
Thermal dynamics<br />
energy is not destroyed it is only converted from one form to another<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.80.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
Assume equal heat loss from all 3 buildings (gas, electric and geothermal).<br />
<br />
== Geothermal Heating==<br />
Geothermal heating systems typically can be installed in an open or closed loop system. Since this is a commercial building I have chosen a closed loop system with vertically installed pipes, circulating a water/antifreeze combination liquid down into the earth and the heated liquid back to the surface where heat Is extracted by electrical heat pumps. For a 30 000 square foot commercial building the standard requirements say we would need 50 vertical bore holes at 300ft in depth. The requirement for out 30000 square foot building is a 27 ton system, and the average cost for geothermal systems is 2,500$ per ton of capacity resulting in an instillation cost of 67,500$ instillation costs. The Heat pumps which operate the system typically work on a coefficient of 1kw energy required produces about 6kw of energy is pulled from the earth. <br />
So for our energy requirements of the system:<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
So for the 110Kw of energy required to heat the building we can find the energy requirement is 1/6 for Geothermal heating <br />
<br />
110 Kw * 1Kwi/6Kwa = 18Kw actual electrical requirement<br />
<br />
30 day month assuming 24h heating <br />
<br />
18 Kw * 720h = 12960Kw/h<br />
<br />
As per our other models we have used an value of 6 cents per Kw/h<br />
<br />
12960Kw/h *6 cents = 77760 cents or 777.60$<br />
<br />
Compared to 4,416.96$ required for conventional electrical heating, geothermal is 82.4 % more efficient. <br />
<br />
Saving roughly 4,000$ a month the geothermal heating system will start showing profit in 17 months.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
- In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we will assume that the building is 200 ft by 150 ft by 10 ft <br />
A= (200*10)2 + (10 * 150)2 = 7,000ft2<br />
<br />
Now we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
7,000ft2 * 0.0929= 650.30 m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
650. 30 m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 520.24 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
520.24 W*m/k / 0.30m = 1734.13W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
1734.13 W/k * 15 degrees C = 26012.00 Watts or 26.012 Kw<br />
<br />
We will assume that the building will go from 5 degrees to 20 degrees in only the first hour of every 24day. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
26.012 Kw * 1 hr = 26.012 kwh<br />
<br />
As this rise in temperature will only occur once, we will assume that after every hour the temperature will decrease from 20 degrees to 18 degrees. Therefore:<br />
p= (0.8 W/m*k)(650.30m2)(2 degrees)/0.30m = 3468.267 W or 3.468kw<br />
<br />
This will occur 23 times( for every hour)<br />
kwh = (23 hrs)(3.468kw) = 79.77kwh<br />
For one day:<br />
Total kwh = 79.77 kwh + 26.012kwh = 105.77kwh<br />
<br />
In one 29 day month(696 hours) the total kwh will amount to<br />
Total kwh = (696hrs)(105.77kwh) = 73615.92 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4416.96 $<br />
6 cents * 73615.92 kwh = 441695.52 cents or 4416.96 $<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
30000 * 10= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
300000/55= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
5454 * 27= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces,as well as ducting and gas piping for the building which costs roughly $3000, the total cost of the equipment needed is $7000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. <br />
1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it takes 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
300 000/55= 5454<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
0.0115 * 23= 0.2645 GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
0.0115 * 24= 0.276 GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website this building falls under Rate 2, which is for small commercial buildings with an annual consumption of 2000 GJ of natural gas or less, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $24.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $2.604 = $21.93<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.628 = $13.71<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
Total charges= $102.40 per month<br />
$7000 + $102.40= $7102.40 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG-1.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0002.jpg<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
'''Electric'''<br />
<br />
(Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''Gas'''<br />
<br />
Gas is one of the cleanest burning, most efficient fuels available. According to Terasen Gas, burning natural gas produces 48546 g/GJ of carbon dioxide, 2245 mg/GJ of volatile organic compounds, 776 mg/GJ of Particulate matter, 34286 mg/GJ carbon monoxide, 40816 mg/GJ oxides of nitrogen and 245 mg/GJ sulphur dioxide.<br />
<br />
'''Geothermal'''<br />
<br />
Once installed, geothermal produces virtually "free" energy up to 12-16 degrees Celsius. Compensating for the 4-8 degrees requires supplemental heating by either electric or gas energy. Based on previous calculations, in the long run, it would be recommended to use geothermal energy with supplemental gas energy.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61343Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-13T05:49:21Z<p>Esine: /* Relevant Physics and Assumptions */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
Geothermal energy is the heat from the earth which increases as we go deeper down into the earth. The resources of this energy range from the ground just beneath the earth to the higher temperature molten rocks called magma which is 4000 miles from the surface. The shallow ground normally has the temperature between 10-16°C. Ancient people use this energy to provide hot water for living and bathing .Later in 20th century it was found that geothermal energy is a efficient way to provide heat and electricity for houses for so many reasons. First, geothermal energy is renewable which means that the heat is continuously produced deep down in the earth so it’s a source of energy that never ends. Second, this energy does not damage the environment because there is no need to burn the fuel.<br />
<br />
Geothermal energy can be divided into high temperature over (150C), which is normally used to provide electricity, and low temperature under (150C) which is used as source of heat for houses and commercial buildings. The energy exchange between the ground and the building is provided by pumping water or heat transfer fluid to absorb the heat from the earth then circulating in the building.<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Relevant Physics'''<br />
<br />
Heat transfer through walls (concrete). Q = (k * A * (Th-Tc))/L<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.80.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
Assume equal heat loss from all 3 buildings (gas, electric and geothermal).<br />
<br />
== Geothermal Heating==<br />
Geothermal heating systems typically can be installed in an open or closed loop system. Since this is a commercial building I have chosen a closed loop system with vertically installed pipes, circulating a water/antifreeze combination liquid down into the earth and the heated liquid back to the surface where heat Is extracted by electrical heat pumps. For a 30 000 square foot commercial building the standard requirements say we would need 50 vertical bore holes at 300ft in depth. The requirement for out 30000 square foot building is a 27 ton system, and the average cost for geothermal systems is 2,500$ per ton of capacity resulting in an instillation cost of 67,500$ instillation costs. The Heat pumps which operate the system typically work on a coefficient of 1kw energy required produces about 6kw of energy is pulled from the earth. <br />
So for our energy requirements of the system:<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
So for the 110Kw of energy required to heat the building we can find the energy requirement is 1/6 for Geothermal heating <br />
<br />
110 Kw * 1Kwi/6Kwa = 18Kw actual electrical requirement<br />
<br />
30 day month assuming 24h heating <br />
<br />
18 Kw * 720h = 12960Kw/h<br />
<br />
As per our other models we have used an value of 6 cents per Kw/h<br />
<br />
12960Kw/h *6 cents = 77760 cents or 777.60$<br />
<br />
Compared to 4,416.96$ required for conventional electrical heating, geothermal is 82.4 % more efficient. <br />
<br />
Saving roughly 4,000$ a month the geothermal heating system will start showing profit in 17 months.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
- In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we will assume that the building is 200 ft by 150 ft by 10 ft <br />
A= (200*10)2 + (10 * 150)2 = 7,000ft2<br />
<br />
Now we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
7,000ft2 * 0.0929= 650.30 m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
650. 30 m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 520.24 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
520.24 W*m/k / 0.30m = 1734.13W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
1734.13 W/k * 15 degrees C = 26012.00 Watts or 26.012 Kw<br />
<br />
We will assume that the building will go from 5 degrees to 20 degrees in only the first hour of every 24day. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
26.012 Kw * 1 hr = 26.012 kwh<br />
<br />
As this rise in temperature will only occur once, we will assume that after every hour the temperature will decrease from 20 degrees to 18 degrees. Therefore:<br />
p= (0.8 W/m*k)(650.30m2)(2 degrees)/0.30m = 3468.267 W or 3.468kw<br />
<br />
This will occur 23 times( for every hour)<br />
kwh = (23 hrs)(3.468kw) = 79.77kwh<br />
For one day:<br />
Total kwh = 79.77 kwh + 26.012kwh = 105.77kwh<br />
<br />
In one 29 day month(696 hours) the total kwh will amount to<br />
Total kwh = (696hrs)(105.77kwh) = 73615.92 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4416.96 $<br />
6 cents * 73615.92 kwh = 441695.52 cents or 4416.96 $<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
30000 * 10= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
300000/55= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
5454 * 27= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces,as well as ducting and gas piping for the building which costs roughly $3000, the total cost of the equipment needed is $7000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. <br />
1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it takes 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
300 000/55= 5454<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
0.0115 * 23= 0.2645 GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
0.0115 * 24= 0.276 GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website this building falls under Rate 2, which is for small commercial buildings with an annual consumption of 2000 GJ of natural gas or less, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $24.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $2.604 = $21.93<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.628 = $13.71<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
Total charges= $102.40 per month<br />
$7000 + $102.40= $7102.40 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG-1.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0002.jpg<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
'''Electric'''<br />
<br />
(Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''Gas'''<br />
<br />
Gas is one of the cleanest burning, most efficient fuels available. According to Terasen Gas, burning natural gas produces 48546 g/GJ of carbon dioxide, 2245 mg/GJ of volatile organic compounds, 776 mg/GJ of Particulate matter, 34286 mg/GJ carbon monoxide, 40816 mg/GJ oxides of nitrogen and 245 mg/GJ sulphur dioxide.<br />
<br />
'''Geothermal'''</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61308Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-13T04:09:50Z<p>Esine: /* Relevant Physics and Assumptions */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
Geothermal energy is the heat from the earth which increases as we go deeper down into the earth. The resources of this energy range from the ground just beneath the earth to the higher temperature molten rocks called magma which is 4000 miles from the surface. The shallow ground normally has the temperature between 10-16°C. Ancient people use this energy to provide hot water for living and bathing .Later in 20th century it was found that geothermal energy is a efficient way to provide heat and electricity for houses for so many reasons. First, geothermal energy is renewable which means that the heat is continuously produced deep down in the earth so it’s a source of energy that never ends. Second, this energy does not damage the environment because there is no need to burn the fuel.<br />
<br />
Geothermal energy can be divided into high temperature over (150C), which is normally used to provide electricity, and low temperature under (150C) which is used as source of heat for houses and commercial buildings. The energy exchange between the ground and the building is provided by pumping water or heat transfer fluid to absorb the heat from the earth then circulating in the building.<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Relevant Physics'''<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.80.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal Heating==<br />
Geothermal heating systems typically can be installed in an open or closed loop system. Since this is a commercial building I have chosen a closed loop system with vertically installed pipes, circulating a water/antifreeze combination liquid down into the earth and the heated liquid back to the surface where heat Is extracted by electrical heat pumps. For a 30 000 square foot commercial building the standard requirements say we would need 50 vertical bore holes at 300ft in depth. The requirement for out 30000 square foot building is a 27 ton system, and the average cost for geothermal systems is 2,500$ per ton of capacity resulting in an instillation cost of 67,500$ instillation costs. The Heat pumps which operate the system typically work on a coefficient of 1kw energy required produces about 6kw of energy is pulled from the earth. <br />
So for our energy requirements of the system:<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
So for the 110Kw of energy required to heat the building we can find the energy requirement is 1/6 for Geothermal heating <br />
<br />
110 Kw * 1Kwi/6Kwa = 18Kw actual electrical requirement<br />
<br />
30 day month assuming 24h heating <br />
<br />
18 Kw * 720h = 12960Kw/h<br />
<br />
As per our other models we have used an value of 6 cents per Kw/h<br />
<br />
12960Kw/h *6 cents = 77760 cents or 777.60$<br />
<br />
Compared to 4,416.96$ required for conventional electrical heating, geothermal is 82.4 % more efficient. <br />
<br />
Saving roughly 4,000$ a month the geothermal heating system will start showing profit in 17 months.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
- In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we will assume that the building is 200 ft by 150 ft by 10 ft <br />
A= (200*10)2 + (10 * 150)2 = 7,000ft2<br />
<br />
Now we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
7,000ft2 * 0.0929= 650.30 m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
650. 30 m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 520.24 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
520.24 W*m/k / 0.30m = 1734.13W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
1734.13 W/k * 15 degrees C = 26012.00 Watts or 26.012 Kw<br />
<br />
We will assume that the building will go from 5 degrees to 20 degrees in only the first hour of every 24day. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
26.012 Kw * 1 hr = 26.012 kwh<br />
<br />
As this rise in temperature will only occur once, we will assume that after every hour the temperature will decrease from 20 degrees to 18 degrees. Therefore:<br />
p= (0.8 W/m*k)(650.30m2)(2 degrees)/0.30m = 3468.267 W or 3.468kw<br />
<br />
This will occur 23 times( for every hour)<br />
kwh = (23 hrs)(3.468kw) = 79.77kwh<br />
For one day:<br />
Total kwh = 79.77 kwh + 26.012kwh = 105.77kwh<br />
<br />
In one 29 day month(696 hours) the total kwh will amount to<br />
Total kwh = (696hrs)(105.77kwh) = 73615.92 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4416.96 $<br />
6 cents * 73615.92 kwh = 441695.52 cents or 4416.96 $<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
30000 * 10= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
300000/55= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
5454 * 27= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces,as well as ducting and gas piping for the building which costs roughly $3000, the total cost of the equipment needed is $7000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. <br />
1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it takes 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
300 000/55= 5454<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
0.0115 * 23= 0.2645 GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
0.0115 * 24= 0.276 GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website this building falls under Rate 2, which is for small commercial buildings with an annual consumption of 2000 GJ of natural gas or less, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $24.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $2.604 = $21.93<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.628 = $13.71<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
Total charges= $102.40 per month<br />
$7000 + $102.40= $7102.40 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
'''Electric'''<br />
<br />
(Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''Gas'''<br />
<br />
Gas is one of the cleanest burning, most efficient fuels available. According to Terasen Gas, burning natural gas produces 48546 g/GJ of carbon dioxide, 2245 mg/GJ of volatile organic compounds, 776 mg/GJ of Particulate matter, 34286 mg/GJ carbon monoxide, 40816 mg/GJ oxides of nitrogen and 245 mg/GJ sulphur dioxide.<br />
<br />
'''Geothermal'''</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61260Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-13T02:08:17Z<p>Esine: /* What is Geothermal Energy? */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
Geothermal energy is the heat from the earth which increases as we go deeper down into the earth. The resources of this energy range from the ground just beneath the earth to the higher temperature molten rocks called magma which is 4000 miles from the surface. The shallow ground normally has the temperature between 10-16°C. Ancient people use this energy to provide hot water for living and bathing .Later in 20th century it was found that geothermal energy is a efficient way to provide heat and electricity for houses for so many reasons. First, geothermal energy is renewable which means that the heat is continuously produced deep down in the earth so it’s a source of energy that never ends. Second, this energy does not damage the environment because there is no need to burn the fuel.<br />
<br />
Geothermal energy can be divided into high temperature over (150C), which is normally used to provide electricity, and low temperature under (150C) which is used as source of heat for houses and commercial buildings. The energy exchange between the ground and the building is provided by pumping water or heat transfer fluid to absorb the heat from the earth then circulating in the building.<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal Heating==<br />
Geothermal heating systems typically can be installed in an open or closed loop system. Since this is a commercial building I have chosen a closed loop system with vertically installed pipes, circulating a water/antifreeze combination liquid down into the earth and the heated liquid back to the surface where heat Is extracted by electrical heat pumps. For a 30 000 square foot commercial building the standard requirements say we would need 50 vertical bore holes at 300ft in depth. The requirement for out 30000 square foot building is a 27 ton system, and the average cost for geothermal systems is 2,500$ per ton of capacity resulting in an instillation cost of 67,500$ instillation costs. The Heat pumps which operate the system typically work on a coefficient of 1kw energy required produces about 6kw of energy is pulled from the earth. <br />
So for our energy requirements of the system:<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
So for the 110Kw of energy required to heat the building we can find the energy requirement is 1/6 for Geothermal heating <br />
<br />
110 Kw * 1Kwi/6Kwa = 18Kw actual electrical requirement<br />
<br />
30 day month assuming 24h heating <br />
<br />
18 Kw * 720h = 12960Kw/h<br />
<br />
As per our other models we have used an value of 6 cents per Kw/h<br />
<br />
12960Kw/h *6 cents = 77760 cents or 777.60$<br />
<br />
Compared to 4,740.34$ required for conventional electrical heating, geothermal is 83.5% more efficient. <br />
<br />
Saving roughly 4,000$ a month the geothermal heating system will start showing profit in 17 months. <br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
- In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
30000 * 10= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
300000/55= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
5454 * 27= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces,as well as ducting and gas piping for the building which costs roughly $3000, the total cost of the equipment needed is $7000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. <br />
1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it takes 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
300 000/55= 5454<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
0.0115 * 23= 0.2645 GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
0.0115 * 24= 0.276 GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website this building falls under Rate 2, which is for small commercial buildings with an annual consumption of 2000 GJ of natural gas or less, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $24.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $2.604 = $21.93<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.628 = $13.71<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
Total charges= $102.40 per month<br />
$7000 + $102.40= $7102.40 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
'''Electric'''<br />
<br />
(Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''Gas'''<br />
<br />
Gas is one of the cleanest burning, most efficient fuels available. According to Terasen Gas, burning natural gas produces 48546 g/GJ of carbon dioxide, 2245 mg/GJ of volatile organic compounds, 776 mg/GJ of Particulate matter, 34286 mg/GJ carbon monoxide, 40816 mg/GJ oxides of nitrogen and 245 mg/GJ sulphur dioxide.<br />
<br />
'''Geothermal'''</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61115Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T23:14:41Z<p>Esine: /* Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
30000 * 10= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
300000/55= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
5454 * 27= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces,as well as ducting and gas piping for the building which costs roughly $3000, the total cost of the equipment needed is $7000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. <br />
1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it takes 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
300 000/55= 5454<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
0.0115 * 23= 0.2645 GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
0.0115 * 24= 0.276 GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website this building falls under Rate 2, which is for small commercial buildings with an annual consumption of 2000 GJ of natural gas or less, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $24.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $2.604 = $21.93<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.628 = $13.71<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
Total charges= $102.40 per month<br />
$7000 + $102.40= $7102.40 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
'''Electric'''<br />
<br />
(Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''Gas'''<br />
<br />
Gas is one of the cleanest burning, most efficient fuels available. According to Terasen Gas, burning natural gas produces 48546 g/GJ of carbon dioxide, 2245 mg/GJ of volatile organic compounds, 776 mg/GJ of Particulate matter, 34286 mg/GJ carbon monoxide, 40816 mg/GJ oxides of nitrogen and 245 mg/GJ sulphur dioxide.<br />
<br />
'''Geothermal'''</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61114Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T23:13:35Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
30000 * 10= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
300000/55= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
5454 * 27= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces,as well as ducting and gas piping for the building which costs roughly $3000, the total cost of the equipment needed is $7000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. <br />
1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it takes 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
300 000/55= 5454<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
0.0115 * 23= 0.2645 GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
0.0115 * 24= 0.276 GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website this building falls under Rate 2, which is for small commercial buildings with an annual consumption of 2000 GJ of natural gas or less, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $24.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $2.604 = $21.93<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.628 = $13.71<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
Total charges= $102.40 per month<br />
$7000 + $102.40= $7102.40 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
'''Electric'''<br />
<br />
(Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''Gas'''<br />
<br />
Gas is one of the cleanest burning, most efficient fuels available. According to Terasen Gas, burning natural gas produces 48546 g/GJ of carbon dioxide, 2245 mg/GJ of volatile organic compounds, 776 mg/GJ of Particulate matter, 34286 mg/GJ carbon monoxide, 40816 mg/GJ oxides of nitrogen and 245 mg/GJ sulphur dioxide.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61110Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T23:12:24Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
30000 * 10= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
300000/55= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
5454 * 27= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces,as well as ducting and gas piping for the building which costs roughly $3000, the total cost of the equipment needed is $7000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. <br />
1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it takes 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
300 000/55= 5454<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
0.0115 * 23= 0.2645 GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
0.0115 * 24= 0.276 GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website this building falls under Rate 2, which is for small commercial buildings with an annual consumption of 2000 GJ of natural gas or less, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $24.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $2.604 = $21.93<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.628 = $13.71<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
Total charges= $102.40 per month<br />
$7000 + $102.40= $7102.40 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
'''Electric'''<br />
<br />
(Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''Gas'''<br />
<br />
Gas is one of the cleanest burning, most efficient fuels available. According to Terasen Gas, burning natural gas produces 48546 g/GJ of carbon dioxide, 2245 mg/GJ of volatile organic compounds, 776 mg/GJ of Particulate matter, 34286 mg/GJ carbon monoxide, 40816 mg/GJ oxides of nitrogen and 245 mg/GJ sulphur dioxide.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61105Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T23:04:06Z<p>Esine: /* Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 27</math>= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces,as well as ducting for the building which costs roughly $3000, the total cost of the equipment needed is $7000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. 1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it take 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
<math>300 000/55= 5454</math><br />
<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
<math>5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908</math><br />
<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
<math>0.0115 * 23= 0.2645</math> GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
<math>0.0115 * 24= 0.276</math>GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website this building falls under Rate 2, which is for small commercial buildings with an annual consumption of 2000 GJ of natural gas or less, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $24.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $2.604 = $21.93<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.628 = $13.71<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
<br />
Total charges= $102.40 per month<br />
<br />
$7000 + $102.40= $7102.40 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
'''Electric'''<br />
<br />
(Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''Gas'''<br />
<br />
Gas is one of the cleanest burning, most efficient fuels available. According to Terasen Gas, burning natural gas produces 48546 g/GJ of carbon dioxide, 2245 mg/GJ of volatile organic compounds, 776 mg/GJ of Particulate matter, 34286 mg/GJ carbon monoxide, 40816 mg/GJ oxides of nitrogen and 245 mg/GJ sulphur dioxide.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61099Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T22:52:10Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 27</math>= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces,as well as ducting for the building which costs roughly $3000, the total cost of the equipment needed is $7000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. 1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it take 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
<math>300 000/55= 5454</math><br />
<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
<math>5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908</math><br />
<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
<math>0.0115 * 23= 0.2645</math> GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
<math>0.0115 * 24= 0.276</math>GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website this building falls under Rate 2, which is for small commercial buildings with an annual consumption of 2000 GJ of natural gas or less, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $24.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $2.604 = $21.93<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.628 = $13.71<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
<br />
Total charges= $102.40 per month<br />
<br />
$7000 + $102.40= $7102.40 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61098Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T22:46:18Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 27</math>= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces,as well as ducting for the building which costs roughly $3000, the total cost of the equipment needed is $7000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. 1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it take 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
<math>300 000/55= 5454</math><br />
<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
<math>5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908</math><br />
<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
<math>0.0115 * 23= 0.2645</math> GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
<math>0.0115 * 24= 0.276</math>GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $11.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $3.145 = $26.49<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.725 = $14.53<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
<br />
Total charges= $94.78 per month<br />
<br />
$7000 + $94.78= $7094.78 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61097Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T22:42:02Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 27</math>= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces, the total cost of the equipment needed is $4000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. 1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it take 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
<math>300 000/55= 5454</math><br />
<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
<math>5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908</math><br />
<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
<math>0.0115 * 23= 0.2645</math> GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
<math>0.0115 * 24= 0.276</math>GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $11.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $3.145 = $26.49<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.725 = $14.53<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
<br />
Total charges= $94.78 per month<br />
<br />
$4000 + $94.78= $4094.78 for cost of the furnaces and charges for the 1st month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61096Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T22:39:53Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 27</math>= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces, the total cost of the equipment needed is $4000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. 1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it take 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
<math>300 000/55= 5454</math><br />
<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
<math>5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908</math><br />
<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
<math>0.0115 * 23= 0.2645</math> GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
<math>0.0115 * 24= 0.276</math>GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Website, charges are as follows:<br />
<br />
Basic charge $11.84<br />
Delivery charge per GJ $3.145 = $26.49<br />
Midstream charge per GJ $1.725 = $14.53<br />
Cost of gas per GJ $4.976 = $41.92<br />
<br />
Total charges= $94.78 per month<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61095Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T22:34:31Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
20 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius = 27 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 27</math>= 147 258 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 147 258 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Two furnaces will be able to accommodate 73 629 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 2 furnaces, the total cost of the equipment needed is $4000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. 1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 147258 BTU is 0.155 GJ. So, it take 0.155 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
Since the furnace only has to go from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius once, we need to find out how much it costs to maintain a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius for the rest of the month. If the furnace is set to turn on when the temperate of the return air is 18 degrees Celsius, then the furnace only needs to generate enough heat to increase the temperature by 2 degrees Celsius. <br />
<br />
<math>300 000/55= 5454</math><br />
<br />
A difference of 2 degrees Celsius is equal to 4 degrees Fahrenheit. Since we have 2 furnaces, 10908 BTU need to be generated to reach 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
<math>5454 * 4= 21816/2= 10908</math><br />
<br />
21816 BTU= 0.0115 GJ<br />
<br />
If we assume that the furnace will do this once an hour to maintain temperature, then excluding the 1st hour, we have 23 hours to maintain temperature. <br />
<math>0.0115 * 23= 0.2645</math> GJ per day plus the 0.155GJ needed to heat the building up to 20 degrees Celsius from 5, is 0.4195 GJ for the first day. <br />
<br />
For remaining days of the month, the furnace just needs to maintain temperature. So, <br />
<math>0.0115 * 24= 0.276</math>GJ per day. <br />
<br />
So, multiply this by 29 days, which is 8.004 GJ. And then add the 0.4195 from the first day, which is 8.4235 GJ per month.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61086Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T21:58:57Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 59</math>= 321 818 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 321 818 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Four furnaces will be able to accommodate 80 455 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 4 furnaces, the total cost of the equipment needed is $8000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. 1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 321818 BTU is 0.3395 GJ. So, it take 0.3395 GJ to heat up the building once from 5 to 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61078Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T21:44:46Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 59</math>= 321 818 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 321 818 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Four furnaces will be able to accommodate 80 455 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 4 furnaces, the total cost of the equipment needed is $8000.<br />
<br />
From the Terasen Gas website [http://www.terasengas.com/Homes/Rates/LowerMainlandSquamish.htm], current Lower Mainland charges are calculated in GJ. 1 BTU is 1055 Joules, and 321818 BTU is 0.3395 GJ.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61077Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T21:35:10Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 59</math>= 321 818 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 321 818 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Four furnaces will be able to accommodate 80 455 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate. A 100 000 BTU natural gas furnace with 95% efficiency costs roughly $2000. So, if we need 4 furnaces, the total cost of the equipment needed is $8000.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61076Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T21:28:51Z<p>Esine: /* Relevant Physics and Assumptions */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
Assume equal energy transfer with gas, electric and geothermal energy, as well as no additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
No heat is lost through the ceiling or floor of building.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 59</math>= 321 818 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 321 818 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Four furnaces will be able to accommodate 80 455 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61074Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T21:27:07Z<p>Esine: /* Relevant Physics and Assumptions */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, with no windows, and walls made of concrete, which has a k value of 0.84.<br />
No additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
Thickness of the concrete walls is 0.3 metres.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 59</math>= 321 818 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 321 818 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Four furnaces will be able to accommodate 80 455 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=61073Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-12T21:06:08Z<p>Esine: /* Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty W.<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, so building material and windows will not be accounted for.<br />
No additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
- First, an overview of what electrical energy is. Electric energy is energy that results from the interaction of subatomic particles that have electromagnetic force. The charge created from this interaction can be transferred though a medium by direct contact, for instance, through a metallic wire. Throughout British Columbia home heating( which is a secondary energy source) is obtained by means of hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity creates electricity from the mechanical falling action of water spinning turbines which are connected to electric generators. In other words, mechanical energy is being converted into electrical energy that we can use to power our homes.<br />
<br />
- Costs of installing a forced air electric furnace is an estimated 40,000 $.<br />
Typically these costs are higher than those of gas furnace installation costs.<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 59</math>= 321 818 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 321 818 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Four furnaces will be able to accommodate 80 455 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models ==<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG.jpg<br />
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v61/Presty/IMG_0001.jpg<br />
<br />
Electric <br />
<br />
In order to calculate the monthly costs for heating a 30,000ft2 commercial building we need to consider how many kilowatt hours are needed to heat this space from 5 degrees Celsius to a desired 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
We will assume that we are considering a 30 day month and that the exterior walls of this building are made of concrete. Heat loss through the windows is negligible. Assume the rate is 6 cents/kwh.<br />
<br />
First we need to convert 30,000ft2 into meters squared.<br />
30,000ft2 * 0.0929= 2787m2<br />
<br />
**Rate of Conduction of Heat Across a temperature difference is expressed using the formula**<br />
<br />
P= kA(Th-Tc)/L<br />
<br />
Then we multiply the thermal conductivity constant of concrete (0.8 W/m*k) by the total area of the building.<br />
2787m2 * 0.8 W/m*k = 2229.6 W*m/k<br />
<br />
This number is then divided by the thickness of the building <br />
2229.6 W*m/k / 0.30m = 7314.96063W/k<br />
<br />
Finally we will multiply this previous number by the difference in exterior and interior temperatures( 20 degrees C - 5 degrees C)<br />
7314.96063W/k * 15 degrees C = 109724.4094 Watts or 109.7299921 Kw<br />
<br />
In one 30 day month there are 720 hours. Multiply this by the Kw above.<br />
109.7299921Kw * 720 hrs = 79,005.59431 kwh<br />
<br />
The total cost of electricity will amount to 4,740.34 $<br />
6 cents * 79,005.5943 kwh = 474033.5659 cents or 4,740.34$<br />
<br />
Gas:<br />
1. The model uses forced air system, so air is distributed/forced throughout the building.<br />
2. No air intake from outdoors.<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==<br />
<br />
Electric<br />
( Comparison in terms of pollution and green house gas emissions)<br />
Hydroelectricity is not exactly free of carbon emissions . To create these dam reservoirs trees may be burned down causing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions ( such as the release of methane and carbon dioxide).<br />
However, no fossil fuels are burned therefore a significant less amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the atmosphere.</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59934Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-07T03:47:40Z<p>Esine: /* Relevant Physics and Assumptions */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, so building material and windows will not be accounted for.<br />
No additional heat sources in building, ie. people.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 59</math>= 321 818 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 321 818 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Four furnaces will be able to accommodate 80 455 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59933Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-07T03:19:25Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, so building material and windows will not be accounted for.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 59</math>= 321 818 BTU<br />
<br />
To generate 321 818 BTU, more than 1 furnace will be needed, which is common in commercial building design. Four furnaces will be able to accommodate 80 455 BTU each, which is a more realistic number of BTU a furnace will be able to generate.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59932Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-07T03:16:49Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, so building material and windows will not be accounted for.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
To determine the size and number of furnaces required to heat a 30 000 square foot building, the BTU should be taken into account. One BTU is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. Also, 1 BTU is sufficient to heat 55 cubic feet of air by 1 degree Fahrenheit. <br />
<br />
<math>30000*10</math>= 300 000 cubic feet<br />
<br />
<math>300000/55</math>= 5 454<br />
<br />
15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
<br />
<math>5454 * 59</math>= 321 818 BTU<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59931Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-07T03:06:46Z<p>Esine: /* Gas Heating */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, so building material and windows will not be accounted for.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
Heating a commercial building of 30 000 square feet with natural gas requires a furnace system to be in place. The type of furnace we are considering is a forced air furnace, fueled by natural gas. Heat is produced by burning natural gas and air is forced through a heat exchanger via electric fan. After the air is heated, it is distributed throughout the building through a system of ducting, and then returned to the furnace at a lower temperature until the return air has reached the desired temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59930Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-07T02:54:33Z<p>Esine: /* Relevant Physics and Assumptions */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degree Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degree Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, so building material and windows will not be accounted for.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59929Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-07T02:53:40Z<p>Esine: /* Relevant Physics and Assumptions */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
<br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degrees Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, so building material and windows will not be accounted for.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59928Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-07T02:53:15Z<p>Esine: /* Relevant Physics */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics and Assumptions==<br />
<br />
'''Assumptions''' <br />
A 30 000 square foot commercial building, with an open layout, so heat transfer through interior walls is negligible. <br />
A 5 degrees Celsius temperature throughout the building, consistent with the outdoor temperature, with a target temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. <br />
Recirculating air throughout the building, without air intake from outdoors. <br />
The comparison of geothermal, electric and gas energy will be for identical buildings, so building material and windows will not be accounted for.<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59927Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-07T02:39:25Z<p>Esine: /* Relevant Physics */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Electric Heating ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Gas Heating ==<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59926Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-07T02:38:12Z<p>Esine: /* What is Geothermal Energy? */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59925Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-07T02:36:41Z<p>Esine: /* Geothermal Energy Model & Assumptions */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Geothermal, Electric and Gas Energy Models & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59350Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-03T15:27:47Z<p>Esine: /* Geothermal Energy Model */</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Geothermal Energy Model & Assumptions ==<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Using_Geothermal_Energy_in_Building_Design&diff=59349Course:PHYS100/Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design2010-11-03T15:27:05Z<p>Esine: Created page with 'by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty == What is Geothermal Energy? == == Relevant Physics == == Geothermal Energy Model == == Comparing Geothermal Energy to G…'</p>
<hr />
<div>by Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Geothermal Energy Model ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== Comparing Geothermal Energy to Gas and Electric Energy ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100&diff=59348Course:PHYS1002010-11-03T15:23:21Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div>=PHYS 100 - Introductory Physics=<br />
<br />
An introduction to fundamental concepts such as force, energy, momentum, and the use of graphs and vectors in physics; geometrical optics; electricity; laboratory exercises to familiarize the student with both the phenomena and the basic laboratory instruments commonly used to measure them. <br />
<br />
The students of PHYS 100 will be using this UBC Wiki predominantly to organize their final project, to collaborate and to facilitate discussion amongst themselves about their work. Enjoy!<br />
<br />
Your instructors,<br />
Fei Zhou, Georg Rieger, Stefan Reinsberg<br />
<br />
==Team pages==<br />
<br />
Each team that has been formed to tackle the final year project has their own team pages where they can play. To add your team, please edit this page and add your team at the bottom of listed team names. You have to be logged in to the UBC CWL for write access. Team pages that don't exist yet have red hyperlinks. Click on them and create or edit to fill them with meaningful content.<br />
<br />
* [[Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team01|Team 1: dick, tom and harry - this is an example team]]<br />
<br />
* [[Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team02|Team 2]]: Alice H., Sybil Z., Angel W., Taylor M., Kyle M<br />
<br />
* [[Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team03|Team 3]]: Lily C., Jeffrey H., Lauren K., Ryan Y.<br />
<br />
* [[Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team04|Team 4]]: Tsz Man (Phoebe) C., Christine C., Galina L., Melanie S.<br />
<br />
* [[Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design]]: Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
*[[Course:PHYS100/Fuel Economy in Air Travel|Fuel Economy in Air Travel]] Example project by G. Rieger<br />
<br />
[[Category:PHYS]]</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team05&diff=59347Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team052010-11-03T15:20:49Z<p>Esine: /* Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''<br />
== '''Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design''' ==<br />
<br />
By Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
== What is Geothermal Energy? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Relevant Physics ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Geothermal Energy Model ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Electric Energy in Building Design ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Gas Energy in Buidling Design ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== How Does Geothermal Energy Compare? ==</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team05&diff=59346Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team052010-11-03T15:11:04Z<p>Esine: /* Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''<br />
== '''Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
By Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
'''Introduction'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Relevant Physics'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Model and Assumptions'''<br />
<br />
----</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team05&diff=59345Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team052010-11-03T15:08:37Z<p>Esine: /* Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''<br />
== '''Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design''' ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
By Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team05&diff=59344Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team052010-11-03T14:59:03Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''<br />
== Using Geothermal Energy in Building Design ==<br />
'''<br />
<br />
By Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100&diff=59343Course:PHYS1002010-11-03T14:40:35Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div>=PHYS 100 - Introductory Physics=<br />
<br />
An introduction to fundamental concepts such as force, energy, momentum, and the use of graphs and vectors in physics; geometrical optics; electricity; laboratory exercises to familiarize the student with both the phenomena and the basic laboratory instruments commonly used to measure them. <br />
<br />
The students of PHYS 100 will be using this UBC Wiki predominantly to organize their final project, to collaborate and to facilitate discussion amongst themselves about their work. Enjoy!<br />
<br />
Your instructors,<br />
Fei Zhou, Georg Rieger, Stefan Reinsberg<br />
<br />
==Team pages==<br />
<br />
Each team that has been formed to tackle the final year project has their own team pages where they can play. To add your team, please edit this page and add your team at the bottom of listed team names. You have to be logged in to the UBC CWL for write access. Team pages that don't exist yet have red hyperlinks. Click on them and create or edit to fill them with meaningful content.<br />
<br />
* [[Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team01|Team 1: dick, tom and harry - this is an example team]]<br />
<br />
* [[Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team02|Team 2]]: Alice H., Sybil Z., Angel W., Taylor M., Kyle M<br />
<br />
* [[Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team03|Team 3]]: Lily C., Jeffrey H., Lauren K., Ryan Y.<br />
<br />
* [[Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team04|Team 4]]: Tsz Man (Phoebe) C., Christine C., Galina L., Melanie S.<br />
<br />
* [[Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team05|Team 5]]: Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty<br />
<br />
<br />
*[[Course:PHYS100/Fuel Economy in Air Travel|Fuel Economy in Air Travel]] Example project by G. Rieger<br />
<br />
[[Category:PHYS]]</div>Esinehttps://wiki.ubc.ca/index.php?title=Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team05&diff=59342Course:PHYS100/Teams/Team052010-11-03T14:39:08Z<p>Esine: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Team 5]]: Erin S., Azin J., Yasmin A., Jeff M., Presty</div>Esine