GRSJ224/The

Since the mid-1970s the Hong Kong government initiated a foreign-domestic-helper policy to support the poor economy faced by the Philippine and fill in the low skill labor shortage in Hong Kong. However, issues such as low monthly income, withholding passport, excessive agency fees, and domestic violence and abuse. Moreover, various forms of social stratification, including race, class, and gender encountered by migrant domestic workers (MDW) has led them to become devalued in Hong Kong society. Racism and discrimination is evident towards South East Asians particularly towards female Filipinos and Indonesians as they are currently the dominant demographics in the occupation. Despite some having college degrees or high school educations, it is very difficult to climb up the social ladder.