GRSJ22/parenting styles
Introduction
Researchers have discovered that parenting styles can dramatically affect the development of children. As well, the strategies and discipline methods parents use can also have a huge impact on the type of relationship between the parents and children. In general, there are four different styles of parenting that parent use depending on several of different reasons (culture, family structure, geographical location, and etc).
Authoritarian
First we have the Authoritarian parenting style, it is where parents establish rules and ultimately expect their children to follow them without questions. In this type of parenting style, children generally lack self-esteem and problem solving skills; because parents just want their kids to follow orders and not develop their own sense of what is wrong or right. Punishments are also often associated with authoritarian type of parenting style. As a result, children who grow up in families that use authoritarian parenting style are often aggressive and impulsive due to all the punishments which makes them every emotional.
Authoritative
Authoritative parenting is somewhat similar to authoritarian parenting in the way that they also have rules which they expect their children to follow. However, the rules authoritative parents have are not always absolute and they are open for negotiations. The rules which they have are often related with reasons which they will most likely tell their kids, showing consideration to their children’s feeling when putting rules in place. In term of punishment, authoritative parents do not use direct punishments, instead they use positive reinforcement to encourage good behavior which also helps with establishing better relationship with children. Thus, children raised from families with authoritative parenting style tend to have a secure relationship with their kids that often results in happy and success in adulthood. As well, they tend to have good problem solving and decisions making skills; moreover, emotionally stable, which results in being responsible and confident in expressing themselves to others.
Permissive
Permissive parents do not have much rules for their children in terms of discipline. Often times, permissive parents take on the role of being a “friend” to their children rather than the authority figure that other parenting style centralize. When it comes to punishment and consequences, permissive parents are the most lenient towards their child which is why they are often times referred to as the “cool parents”. Being permissive parents does not mean they do not get involved with their children, but just very little discipline and rules for their children. Kids from families that have a permissive parenting style often display low self-esteem and struggle academically as a result of little guidance. As well, they tend to display regular behavior problems in their adulthood as they are highly likely to reject authority.
Uninvolved aka neglectful
Like the title suggests, uninvolved parents are not really involved in the lives of their children. They tend to be neglectful and fail to provide basic needs that their children need. The fundamental mentality that uninvolved parents have is that children can take care of themselves and therefore solve their own problems and discipline themselves. Often times, parents who engage in uninvolved parenting style suffer from substance abuse problems and mental health issues. Which in relation, due to parent’s problems, they fail to acknowledge the importance of parenting and child development. When it comes rules and consequences, uninvolved parents tend to have none or if any, very few. Thus, the parents usually have very little clue what is going on in their children’s life. As a result, children from families with uninvolved parents have very low self-esteem and low happiness because of poor mental state development. The children often times will also have low academic achievements, which will most likely lead to poor economic success in their adulthood. In terms of parenting, uninvolved parenting is highly not recommended for any parents and many negative aspects are related with uninvolved parenting.
References
Lopoo, Leonard M., and Thomas Deleire. "Family Structure and the Economic Wellbeing of Children in Youth and Adulthood." Social Science Research 43 (2014): 30-44.
Wainright, Jennifer L., Stephen T. Russell, and Charlotte J. Patterson. "Psychosocial Adjustment, School Outcomes, and Romantic Relationships of Adolescents With Same-Sex Parents." Child Development 75.6 (2004): 1886-898.