NGramAssignment

From UBC Wiki

1. Compare Words: "icebox" and "fridge"

Link: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=icebox%2C+fridge&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2Cicebox%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bicebox%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BIcebox%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2Cfridge%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bfridge%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BFridge%3B%2Cc0

Code: <iframe name="ngram_chart" src="https://books.google.com/ngrams/interactive_chart?content=icebox%2C+fridge&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2Cicebox%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bicebox%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BIcebox%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2Cfridge%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bfridge%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BFridge%3B%2Cc0" width=900 height=500 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 hspace=0 vspace=0 frameborder=0 scrolling=no></iframe>

b) Starting from 1979, more people use "fridge" instead of "icebox" in English written text. d) Icebox used to provide cool storage and was common in the early-twentieth century. In late-twentieth century, icebox was replaced by fridge.

2. Wildcard Search: "a cup of *"

Link: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=a+cup+of+*&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t2%3B%2Ca%20cup%20of%20%2A%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20tea%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20water%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20wine%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20cold%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20hot%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20the%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20chocolate%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20milk%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20poison%3B%2Cc0

Code: <iframe name="ngram_chart" src="https://books.google.com/ngrams/interactive_chart?content=a+cup+of+*&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t2%3B%2Ca%20cup%20of%20%2A%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20tea%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20water%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20wine%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20cold%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20hot%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20the%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20chocolate%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20milk%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Ba%20cup%20of%20poison%3B%2Cc0" width=900 height=500 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 hspace=0 vspace=0 frameborder=0 scrolling=no></iframe>

b) More people used the word "coffee" more now but they used to mention "tea" more often in English text. d) Coffee is probably a more popular drink now.

3. Inflection search: drink coffee_INF,drink_INF coffee Link: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=drink+coffee_INF%2Cdrink_INF+coffee&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t3%3B%2Cdrink%20coffee_INF%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bdrink%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bdrink%20coffees%3B%2Cc0%3B.t3%3B%2Cdrink_INF%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bdrinking%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bdrink%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bdrank%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bdrinks%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bdrunk%20coffee%3B%2Cc0#

Code: <iframe name="ngram_chart" src="https://books.google.com/ngrams/interactive_chart?content=drink+coffee_INF%2Cdrink_INF+coffee&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t3%3B%2Cdrink%20coffee_INF%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bdrink%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bdrink%20coffees%3B%2Cc0%3B.t3%3B%2Cdrink_INF%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bdrinking%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bdrink%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bdrank%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bdrinks%20coffee%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bdrunk%20coffee%3B%2Cc0" width=900 height=500 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 hspace=0 vspace=0 frameborder=0 scrolling=no></iframe>

b) Most people use "drinking coffee" in English written text. d) When they mention the phrase "drink coffee," most English written text likes to use present tense.

4. Search for a word using Part-of-Speech tags: "water" Link: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=water_NOUN%2Cwater_VERB&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2Cwater_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bwater_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BWater_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2Cwater_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bwater_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BWATER_VERB%3B%2Cc0

Code: <iframe name="ngram_chart" src="https://books.google.com/ngrams/interactive_chart?content=water_NOUN%2Cwater_VERB&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2Cwater_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bwater_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BWater_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2Cwater_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bwater_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BWATER_VERB%3B%2Cc0" width=900 height=500 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 hspace=0 vspace=0 frameborder=0 scrolling=no></iframe>

b) Most people use "water" as a noun in English written text. d) Water is probably the most widely available drink so it is used very often as a noun. Most English written text do not use water as a verb.

5. Search for Parts of Speech (not a specific word): "challenge" Link:

https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=challenge+*_NOUN%2Cchallenge+*_VERB&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t2%3B%2Cchallenge%20%2A_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bchallenge%20comparison_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20attention_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20Mr._NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20test_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20admiration_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20anyone_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20cup_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20competition_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20contradiction_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20authority_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B.t2%3B%2Cchallenge%20%2A_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bchallenge%20is_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20was_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20has_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20facing_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20had_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20posed_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20will_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20would_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20came_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20may_VERB%3B%2Cc0

Code: <iframe name="ngram_chart" src="https://books.google.com/ngrams/interactive_chart?content=challenge+*_NOUN%2Cchallenge+*_VERB&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t2%3B%2Cchallenge%20%2A_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bchallenge%20comparison_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20attention_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20Mr._NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20test_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20admiration_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20anyone_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20cup_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20competition_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20contradiction_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20authority_NOUN%3B%2Cc0%3B.t2%3B%2Cchallenge%20%2A_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bchallenge%20is_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20was_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20has_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20facing_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20had_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20posed_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20will_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20would_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20came_VERB%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bchallenge%20may_VERB%3B%2Cc0" width=900 height=500 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 hspace=0 vspace=0 frameborder=0 scrolling=no></iframe>

b) "challenge is," is most used in English written text but "challenge was" was used more often before 1950. d) Nowadays people talk about the challenges they are currently facing imore.